• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.309-309
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• 2017

The experiments were carried out in open experimental field of Field Crops Research Institute, Hai Duong, Vietnam in Winter Spring seasons 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 for finding high yielding of Korean chipping potato varieties which are adaptable to Vietnam condition. Six varieties of Korean potato (G1, G2, G4, G10, B1, B2) were experimented. The control variety (G6) was Atlantic which has long been a standard chip variety. The results showed that, for a hill, there was positive correlation between number of stems and number of tubers. The hill yield also showed highly relation to the plant height and number of tubers. Even though the growth and yield of potatoes grown in the season 2016-2017 were significant higher than these of potatoes grown in the season 2015-2016, their percentages of tubers infected by scab disease were much higher. This is probably because of irregular soil moisture content at the tuber forming duration. While G1, G6 and B1 are white flesh varieties, the remaining are yellow flesh varieties. There are two shapes types among experimented varieties: oblong (G1, G10, B1) and round shape (G2, G4, G6, B2). The total yields of varieties G1, G2, B1, B2 were higher than the total yield of the control variety from 16.5-49.4% in the season 2015-2016 and from 39.8-75.6% in the season 2016-2017.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2018

Currently, the commercialization of the $5^{th}$ Generation (5G) service is becoming more prevalent in domestic communication network technology. This has reduced communication delay time and enabled large-capacity data transmission and video streaming services in real-time. In order to keep pace with these developments, K-water has introduced a smart process control system in water purification plants to monitor the status of the water purification process. However, since wireless networks are based on the public Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, communication delay time remains high, and high-resolution video services are limited. This is because communication networks still have a closed structure due to expense and security issues. Therefore, with 5G in its current form, it is very difficult to accommodate future services without improving the infrastructure of its communication networks. In recognition of these problems, this study implemented the authentication and management function of wireless networks on a wired network management system in the K-water Bansong water purification plant. The results confirmed that wired Local Area Network (LAN) services give a higher security performance than an expensive commercial wireless LAN system. This was achieved by using an Internet Protocol (IP) address management system of wired networks and the packet filtering function of the Layer2 (L2) switch. This study also confirmed that it is possible to create a wireless LAN service that is 3.7 times faster than the existing LTE communication network.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2010

In this study, a digital particle holographic system and its application to channel-flow measurements were investigated. A double-exposure hologram recording system that is capable of recording digital holograms in a short time interval was developed. A correlation coefficient method was used to determine the focal plane of particles. The Wiener filter was used to remove noises and improve image quality. Two-threshold and image segmentation methods were used for binary image transformation. The cross-correlation method was used for particle pairing. The developed system was employed to study channel flow fields, and the axial velocities of channel flow were measured. The measurement errors are acceptable, and this proves the feasibility of using the digital particle holographic system as a good tool for flow-field measurements.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among the current status of calcium intake from milk and milk products, physical growth and bone mineral density in 664 male and female middle school and high school students aged 15-17 years. In the study, the current status of calcium intake from milk and milk products was analyzed, and the height, body composition, and bone mineral density of the right heel bone (calcaneus) were measured. The daily calcium intake of milk and milk products was calculated as the 'dairy equivalent of calcium', which is the calcium content in 200 mL of white milk. The cutoffs of tertiles of the dairy equivalent of calcium were calculated and then the subjects were categorized into 3 groups according to the tertiles, Q1 group (lower intake group), Q2 group (middle intake group) and Q3 group (upper intake group). The daily calcium intake of milk and milk products in Q1, Q2 and Q3 groups was 16.2 mg, 99.7 mg, and 284.0 mg, respectively, and the ratio of milk and milk product consumption to the daily total calcium intake was 5.4%, 27.4%, and 49.7%, respectively. The ratio of total calcium intake to the daily recommended intake in study subjects was 30.5% in Q1, 42.3% in Q2, and 60.7% in Q3, with significant differences (P < 0.05). Height, body weight, BMI, and % of body fat in three tertile groups (Q1, Q2 and Q3) were not significantly different. However, the T scores for bone mineral density in female students in three tertile groups (Q1, Q2 and Q3) was significantly different (P < 0.05). The study showed that the intake of milk and milk products in adolescents, particularly in girls, can improve the bone mineral density without increasing body weight, and thus confirmed that milk intake is important in adolescence.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.309-318
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• 2018

The present study was conducted to investigate the regulatory mechanism of plasminogen activators (PAs) activation by $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$) and progesterone ($P_4$) in porcine uterine epithelial cells (pUECs). pUECs were collected from porcine uterine horn and cultured at 80% confluence. Then, 0.1% (v/v) DMSO, 20 ng/mL $E_2$, and $P_4$ with or without fetal bovine serum (FBS) treated to cultured cells for 24 hours. The supernatants were used for measurement of PAs activity and expression of urokinase-type PA (uPA), tissue-type PA (tPA), uPA specific receptor (uPAR), and type-1 PA inhibitor (PAI-1) mRNA were analyzed by real-time PCR. The expression of PAs-related genes was not affect by steroid hormones in both of serum treatment groups. However, PAs activity was increased by treatment of $E_2$ compared to 0.1% DMSO treatment in serum-free group (p<0.05). Then, $E_2$ and $P_4$ were diluted with 0.002% (v/v) DMSO for reduction of its effect and treated to cultured cells without FBS. Only tPA mRNA was significantly increased by $E_2$ treatment (p<0.05). PAs activity was enhanced in $E_2$ treated group compared to control groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that serum-free condition is more proper to evaluate effect of steroid hormones and activation of PAs in pUECs was mainly regulated by estrogen. These regulation of PAs activation may be associated with uterine remodeling during pre-ovulatory phase in pigs, however, further studies are needed to investigate precise regulatory mechanism.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2021

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Data regarding the effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on sleep status are limited. This study aimed to test whether γ-PGA and vitamin B₆ (VitB6) supplements improve sleep duration and quality. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A factorial randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study included 47 adults (25 men and 22 women) who were free of chronic disease. Stratified randomized allocation considered age and gender for three interventions, group A (supplementation with γ-PGA 600 mg; n = 16), group B (supplementation with VitB6 100 mg; n = 14), and group C (dual supplementation of both γ-PGA 600 mg and VitB6 100 mg; n = 17). Participants underwent a 1-mon intervention period, followed by a 1-mon washout period, and then a second 1-mon intervention period. Differences (mean ± SD) in nighttime sleep status before and after supplementation were compared between the placebo and intervention groups using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Significant changes in sleep duration (0.27 ± 0.98 h, P < 0.05) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score (-0.52 ± 1.58, P < 0.05) indicating improved sleep status were observed in the intervention compared with the placebo of group C while no significant changes were observed in groups A and B. No statistical significance was detected between the intervention and the placebo; however, there was a greater increase in the group C intervention (4.59 ± 38.5 ng/mL) in serum serotonin concentrations than the groups A and B interventions. No side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these findings, the dual supplementation of γ-PGA and VitB6 may be effective as functional food components to improve nighttime sleep status.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2016

Characteristics of dissimilar metal welds between ASTM Type 316L and carbon steel ASTM A516 Gr.70 made with FCAW were evaluated in terms of microstructure, ferrite content, EDS analysis, hardness, tensile strength, impact toughness and corrosion resistance. Three heat inputs of 10.4, 16.9, 23.4kJ/cm were employed to make joints of dissimilar metals with E309LMoT1-1 wire. Microstructure of dissimilar weld metals consisted of mostly vermicular type of ${\delta}$-ferrite and some lathy type of ${\delta}$-ferrite, and ${\delta}$-ferrite was transformed into globular type in reheated zone. In all conditions, weld metals were solidified on FA solidification mode. Based on the EDS analysis of weld metals, All Creq/Nieq values were in the range of FA solidification mode, and it was decreased with increasing heat inputs whereas it was increased with increasing layers. The amount of ${\delta}$-ferrite was decreased with increasing heat input due to the difference of cooling rate, and it was increased with increasing layers. Accordingly, hardness and tensile strength of dissimilar metals weld joints was decreased with increasing heat input while impact energy was increased with increasing heat input. Corrosion test of dissimilar metals weld joints showed that weight gain rate of heat input 10.4kJ/cm was the greatest, and that of three heat inputs became constant after certain time.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.114-118
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• 2017

While saliva can be considered as good biological fluid for monitoring biomarkers due to many advantages including its communication with blood and the non-invasive nature during its sampling, its applications to that purpose is still limited. As a part of efforts to expand the applications of saliva to the protein biomarker research, we carried out global absolute quantitation of proteins in human whole saliva (WS) by bottom-up proteomics techniques mainly based on nLC-Q-IMS-TOF employing $MS^E$. From the analyses of a pooled WS sample collected from 22 healthy Korean volunteers, 93 proteins ranging from $5.89{\times}10^1ng/mL$ (immunoglobulin heavy chain) to $1.59{\times}10^4ng/mL$ (${\alpha}-amylase$ 1) were confirmed. For the validation of the present results, human serum albumin in the same sample was quantitated by ELISA and its result was compared with that from the nLC-Q-IMS-TOF study. As a result, there was no significant difference between two results from individual approaches ($1.18{\times}10^4{\pm}0.03{\times}10^4 ng/mL$ from nLC-Q-IMS-TOF experiments vs. $1.23{\times}10^4{\pm}0.07{\times}10^4ng/mL$ from ELISA experiments, n=3, p=0.309). To our knowledge, this is the first global absolute quantitation of proteins in human whole saliva and information from the present study can be widely used as the first level reference for the discovery of new protein biomarkers from human whole saliva as well as for quantitative applications of human whole saliva proteins.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.8
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• pp.301-309
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• 2020

Human breast milk (HBM) is essential for the infant's growth and development right after birth and is an irreplaceable source of nutrition for early human survival. Various infant formulas have many similarities to HBM in many components, but there is no perfect substitute for HBM. Recently, various breast milk components and their roles have been studied according to the development of various analysis techniques. As is already well known, HBM contains about 87%-88% water, and 124-g/L solid components as macronutrients, including about 7% (60-70 g/L) carbohydrates, 1% (8-10 g/L) protein, and 3.8% (35-40 g/L) fat. The composition may vary depending on the environmental factors, including maternal diet. Colostrum is low in fat but high in protein and relatively rich in immuneprotective components. Although HBM contains enough vitamins to ensure normal growth of the infant, vitamins D and K may be insufficient, and the infant may require their supplementation. Growth factors in HBM also serve as various bioactive proteins and peptides on the intestinal tract, vasculature, nervous system, and endocrine system. In the past, HBM of a healthy mother was thought to be sterile. However, several subsequent studies have confirmed the presence of rich and diverse microbial communities in HBM. Some studies suggested that the genera Staphylococcus and Streptococcus may be universally predominant in HBM, but the origin of microbiota still remains controversial. Lastly, milk is the one of most abundant body fluid of microRNAs, which are known to play a role in various functions, such as immunoprotection and developmental programming, through delivering from HBM and absorption by intestinal epithelial cells. In conclusion, HBM is the most important source of nutrition for infants and includes microbiomes and miRNAs for growth, development, and immunity.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 1978

General water quality parameters were measured, as a base-line study, for possible water pollution problems in the coastal waters of some important harbors and near-sea industrial complexes all around coastal zones of Korea from June 1 to October 15, 1977. The areas surveyed were near Mugho-Samcheog, Ulsan, Jinhae-Masan, Yeosu-Gwangyang, Mogpo, Gunsan and Incheon. Among the surveyed coastal areas, the Ulsan and the Jinhae-Masan areas showed high levels of dissolved oxygen, pH, COD and nutrients. Particularly, the surface waters of the Ulsan inner bay represented COD 15.6mg/l and NO$\sub$2/-N 110$\mu\textrm{g}$/l. The surface layer of the Masan bay displayed pH 8.92 and NO$\sub$3/-N 372$\mu\textrm{g}$/l, while 309$\mu\textrm{g}$/l of PO$\sub$4/-P was recorded in the surface of the Haengam bay. In general it is shown that some coastal areas are presenting signs of pollution from man's activities.