• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.197-209
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• 2022

Purpose: This study systematically evaluated the implications of advanced age on post-surgical outcomes following gastrectomy for gastric cancer using a national database. Materials and Methods: The 2011-2017 National Inpatient Sample was used to isolate patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer. From this, the population was stratified into those belonging to the younger age cohort (18-59 years), sexagenarians, septuagenarians, and octogenarians. The younger cohort and each advanced age category were compared in terms of the following endpoints: mortality following surgery, length of hospital stay, charges, and surgical complications. Results: This study included a total of 5,213 patients: 1,366 sexagenarians, 1,490 septuagenarians, 743 octogenarians, and 1,614 under 60 years of age. Between the younger cohort and sexagenarians, there was no difference in mortality (2.27 vs. 1.67%; P=0.30; odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-2.30), length of stay (11.0 vs. 11.1 days; P=0.86), or charges ($123,557 vs. $124,425; P=0.79). Compared to the younger cohort, septuagenarians had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (4.30% vs. 1.67%; P<0.01; OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.67-4.16), length of stay (12.1 vs. 11.1 days; P<0.01), and charges ($139,200 vs. $124,425; P<0.01). In the multivariate analysis, septuagenarians had higher mortality (P=0.01; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.01; 95% CI, 1.18-3.43). Similarly, compared to the younger cohort, octogenarians had a higher rate of mortality (7.67% vs. 1.67%; P<0.001; OR, 4.88; 95% CI, 3.06-7.79), length of stay (12.3 vs. 11.1 days; P<0.01), and charges ($131,330 vs. $124,425; P<0.01). In the multivariate analysis, octogenarians had higher mortality (P<0.001; aOR, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.28-7.11). Conclusions: Advanced age (>70 years) is an independent risk factor for postoperative death in patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.781-796
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• 2009

The current standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System consider both daily maximum temperature and daily maximum heat index(HI), but current standard could not consider daily maximum HI due to the difficulties in forecasting when we consider both daily maximum temperature and daily maximum HI and no considering HI because relative humidity could not observed for some regions. So, Newly established standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System is based on daily maximum temperature exceeding $30^{\circ}C$ for two consecutive days or daily minimum temperature exceeding $25^{\circ}C$ and daily maximum temperature exceeding $30^{\circ}C$. These days are called "extreme heat days". On extreme heat days, the standard of extreme heat advisory is based on daily maximum temperature among exceeding $32.7^{\circ}C$ and not exceeding $34.8^{\circ}C$, and extreme heat warning is based on daily maximum temperature exceeding $34.8^{\circ}C$. ANOVA analysis was carried out using the data of Seoul Metropolitan City in 1994 to check the robustness of the new standard level of Heat Health Watch Warning System from this study, in particular for mortality variable. The results reveal that the new standard specifies excess mortality well, showing significance level of 0.05 in the difference of excess mortality for each phase.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2014

The beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is difficult to control using chemical insecticides because of the development of insecticide resistance. Several pest control agents are used to control the beet armyworm. Entomopathogenic fungi are one of the candidates for eco-friendly pest control instead of chemical control agents. In this study, among various entomopathogenic fungal strains isolated from soil two isolates were selected as high virulence pathogens against larva of beet armyworm. Control efficacy of fungal conidia was influenced by conidia concentration, temperature, and relative humidity (RH). The isolates Metarhizium anisopliae FT83 showed 100% cumulative mortality against second instar larvae of S. exigua 3 days after treatment at $1{\times}10^7$ conidia/mL and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus FG340 caused 100% mortality 6 days after treatment at $1{\times}10^4$ conidia/mL. Both M. anisopliae FT83 and P. fumosoroseus FG340 effectively controlled the moth at $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. M. anisopliae FT83 was significantly affected mortality by RH: mortality was 86.7% at 85% RH and 13.4% at 45% RH. P. fumosoroseus FG340 showed high mortality as 90% at 45% RH and 100% at 75% RH 6 days after conidia treatments. These results suggest that P. fumosoroseus FG340 and M. anisopliae FT83 have high potential to develop as a biocontrol agent against the beet armyworm.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.287-297
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• 2003

The aim of this review is to give insight into the reproduction potential of the Korean native goat(KNG) doe. The mean age of the first estrus in the KNG doe is 141.24$\pm$18.l7 days. The length of the estrous cycle was recorded as being 20.58$\pm$2.63 days, with the mean duration of estrous period being 17.8$\pm$7.3 to 32.9$\pm$1.2 h, and the duration of the post-partum anestrous period being 13.4(9 to 18) to 30.1$\pm$3.8 days in the KNG doe. The ages at first delivery are 10 to 12 months(56.3％) in the KNG doe. The KNG does are no restricted breeding season, because estrus and kiddings are observed throughout the year. The mean gestation period of the KNG doe is recorded as being 150.69$\pm$6.14 days with parities having no significant effect on gestation length. The mean interval between parturitions in the KNG doe is 207.78$\pm$1.72 days with parities and birth type having no significant effect on kidding intervals. The mean litter sizes at birth in the KNG doe are 1.69$\pm$0.03 heads, and litter size at birth was affected (P<0.05) by parity. The mean birth weight of kid in the KNG is 2.04$\pm$0.30 kg with a variety as being 2.28$\pm$0.26, 2.11$\pm$ 0.30 and 1.64$\pm$0.19 kg for singles, twins and triplets over of birth type, respectively. The mean mortality of 635 kids in the KNG is 23$\pm$1 ％ with a variety as being 28$\pm$3, 21$\pm$2, 16$\pm$3 and 46$\pm$15 ％ for singles, twins, triplets and quadruplets of birth type, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.871-875
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• 2002

급성 심근경색 후 발생한 심실중격결손은 조기에 적극적인 치료에도 수술 사망률이 매우 높은 질환이다. 저자들은 10년간 급성 심근경색 후 심실중격결손으로 수술한 환자들의 수술 결과와 장기 결과를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1991년 1월부터 2001년 5월까지 연세대학교 흉부외과에서 급성 심근경색 후 발생한 심실중격결손으로 수술 받은 17명을 조사하였다. 환자들의 평균 나이는 63.2$\pm$9.1세로 남자가 10명, 여자가 7명이었으며, 16명의 환자는 전방부 중격결손 이었고, 1명은 하부 중격결손 이었다. 12명의 환자는 수술 전 심인성 쇽으로 대동맥내풍선펌프를 삽입하였다. 심근경색 후 심실중격결손 발생까지의 기간은 평균 5.6일이었으며, 급성기에 수술 한 환자는 14례로, 심실중격결손 진단 후 수술까지의 평균 기간은 2.5일 이었다. 11명의 환자들은 관상동맥 우회술을 함께 시행받았다. 결과: 수술 후 4명이 30일 이내에 사망하였으며(30일 사망률＝23.5%), 이는 모두 심인성 쇽이 있던 12명의 환자군에서 발생하였다(사망률＝33.3%). 평균 52개월간의 관찰기간에서 1명의 환자가 원인 불명으로 사망하였으며, 퇴원한 환자들의 10년 생존률은 66.7%였다. 추적이 되지 않은 1명을 제외한 10명의 환자들은 마지막 외래 관찰시 모두 NYHA functional class I이나 II였다. 결론: 급성 심근경색 후 발생한 심실중격결손은 가능한 조기에 수술하는 것이 환자의 생존에 매우 중요하다고 생각하며, 장기 결과도 양호 하다고 생각한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2001

Imidacloprid의 벼멸구에 대한 약효 지속효과와 벼체내 함유량과의 관계를 구명하기위해 imidacloprid 입제를 추천량 (0.3 kg a.i./ha), 추턴 약량의 1/2 (0.15 kg a.i/ha), 114 (0.075 kg a.i./ha) 약량으로 수중 처리하였으며 액제를 추천농도(0.032kg a.i./ha), 추천농도의 112(0.016kg a.i./ha), 1/4 (0.008 kg a.i./ha)의 농도로 벼에 경엽 처리한 후 시기별로 벼멸구를 접종, 사충수를 조사하였고 그 때의 벼체내 약제 함유량을 조사하였다 Imidacloprid 입제의 추천 약량을 처리하였을 경우 약 효(100% 살충률)가 40일까지 지속되었으며, 추천량의 1/2, 1/4 약량에서는 접종세대에 대한 치사효과가 각각 30, 20일가지 지속되었다. Imidacloprid 액제는 추천농도와 1/2농도 처리에서는 접종세대에 대한 약효지속효과가 약제처리 후 40일까지 지속되었으며, l/4농도로 처리한 경우에는 처리 후 30일까지 지속되었다. Imldacloprid입제나 액제 모두 약효 지속기간이 길어 처리 농도에 따라 약간의 차이는 보이나 약 30일 정도 약효가 지속되었다. 파종 전 종자 분의 처리 (3g/볍씨 1kg)의 경우 약제처리 후 55일가지 약효를 나타냈으며 60일부터는 점차적으로 살충력이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. Imidacloprid 입제를 약량별로 처리한 후 도체 내 잔류량을 시일 별로 조사한 결과 추천량 처리시 처리 1일 후부터 잔류량이 점차적으로 증가되어 6일차에 0.46ppm으로 최고치를 나타낸 후 차차 감소되어 처리40일경에는 0.09ppm이 되었다. 1/2약량, 1/4약량 처리에서도 처리 후 6일경에 잔류량이 각각 0.23ppm, 0.2ppm으로 최고 치에 도달한 후 점차적으로 감소되는 경향을 보였다. Imidacloprid 액체를 추천농도와 추천농도의 1/2, 추천농도의 1/4로 처리한 후의 도체 내 잔류량은 처리 직후 각각 2,0. 6,0. 0.2ppm의 잔류량을 보였고, 처리 후 10일경에는 1/2, 1/4 농도처리 의 잔류량은 추천농도의 잔류량과 각각 7배와 11배의 차이를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2018

Objective: Piglet pre-weaning mortality is an important variable indicating the efficacy of farrowing management and animal well-being during lactation. The present study determined the association of newborn traits measured soon after birth with piglet pre-weaning mortality and growth. Methods: In total, 805 piglets born from 57 multiparous sows were investigated. Their blood oxygen saturation, blood glucose and rectal temperature at 24 h after birth (RT24h) were monitored. Birth order, sex, skin color, integrity of the umbilical cord, attempts to stand and birth intervention were monitored. Piglets were weighed at day 0, 7, and 21 to evaluate average daily gain (ADG). Results: Piglet pre-weaning mortality for lactation period was 12.6% and cumulative mortality during the first 7 days of age was 8.6%. A higher proportion of piglets with pale skin color died compared to piglets with normal skin color (26.7% vs 7.7%, p<0.001). A higher (p<0.001) proportion of piglets that attempted to stand after 5 min (38.5%) died compared to piglets that attempted to stand within 1 min (6.3%) after birth. Piglet body weight at birth ($BW_B$), blood glucose and the number of piglets born alive (BA) were correlated with ADG (p<0.05). Piglets with $BW_B$ <1.30 kg had higher (p<0.001) mortality rate than piglets with $BW_B{\geq}1.80 kg$ (19.0% vs 3.3%) and piglets with $BW_B$ 1.30 to 1.79 kg (4.0%). Piglet with RT24h <$37.0^{\circ}C$ had higher (p<0.001) mortality rate (86.2%) than piglets with RT24h >$38.5^{\circ}C$ (3.9%). Conclusion: Low $BW_B$ and low RT24h compromise piglet survival during the lactation period in the tropical conditions. Piglets in the litters with a high BA, low $BW_B$ and low blood glucose have reduced ADG.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2005

Status epilepticus is a medical emergency, so that rapid and vigorous treatment is required to prevent neuronal damage and systemic complication. Status epilepticus is generally defined as a continuous or intermittent seizure or an unconscious condition after the onset of seizure, lasting for 30 minutes or more. We report here the outcome of status epilepticus. We retrospectively reviewed medical record of 15 patients who were diagnosed with status epilepticus at the Asan Medical Center from January 2003 to February 2004. This outcome was evaluated considering various factors such as age of patients, history of seizures, neurologic impairment, etiology, mortality, return to baseline and initial electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. The range of age was between 1 to 79 years old and the longest duration of treatment was 118 days. Most patients were treated by using pentobarbital, midazolam, phenobarbital and other antiepileptic drugs. The overall mortality was 5 (33%) out of 15 patients. The mortality was related to etiology, underlying other medical conditions and initial EEG findings. 5 (55%) out of the 9 patients with acute etiology, 5 (71%) out of the 7 patients with a multifocal or burst-suppression EEG activity, and 3 (60%) out of the 5 patients with other medical disease were related to mortality. This data demonstrate high mortality due to status epilepticus. Mortality is related to etiology, other medical conditions and abnormalities on the initial EEG.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.654-658
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• 1972

The toplications of 50% nicotin paste in oral mucous membrane of male mice weigh-ingabout 30 gram, were executed for 10, 15 and 20 days. And the tissues were observed in HE and PAS stain. The findings observed are as follows; I. Hyperplastic changes were revealed in underlying connective tissue and spinous cell layer. There were moderate vasodilatations with out edema but PAS reactions were dictinctive. in 10th day of experiment. II. There was remarkable increment of mortality up to 40percent and weight loss, but microscopic findings were not significant differences on than 10th days, in 15th day of experiment. III. Cellular anisocytosis, hyperchromatism and degenerations were observed in spinous cell layer, and vascular engergement in connec tivetissues were observed. And the mortality was up to 70 percent in 20th day of experment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.192-195
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• 1997

Thirty adults Desi and Khaki Campbell ducks were distributed to 6 farmers of Chakcharpur village of Mymensingh district. These ducks were subjected 3 types of mating e.g. Desi ${\times}$ Desi, Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Khaki Campbell and Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Desi-having 10 ducks (male : female = 1 : 4) in each mating group. Each mating group was then divided into two having 5 ducks(male : female = 1 : 4) and distributed to 2 farmers. After collecting eggs from each mating category, these were hatched by broody hens from which a total of 90 day old ducklings, 30 from each genotype were raised from birth to 90 days after the onest of laying. Although the weight of the day old chicks were similar in all genotypes (40-43 g), body weight was the highest (p <0.01) for Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Desi (1,543) before the onset of laying followed by Khaki Campbell (1,552 g) and Desi (1,448 g) ducks. Khaki Campbell attained maturity at an earlier (p < 0.01) age (147 days) followed by Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Desi, (154 days) and Desi (161 days) ducks. Khaki Campbell laid maximum (p < 0.01) number of eggs (46) compared to Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Desi, (30) and Desi (18) ducks 90 days after the onset of laying. However, eggs were heavier (p < 0.01) in Desi (61.9) ducks compared to other genotypes. Fertility and hatchability were also higher in Desi ducks than the other two genotypes. Mortality was also lover in Desi ducks (3.33%) followed by Khaki Campbell ${\times}$ Desi (6.66%) and Khaki Campbell (16.66%) ducks. The results presented here indicated the superiority of Desi ducks over the other two genotypes with respect to egg weight, fertility, hatchability and mortality under village condition. Pure and crossbreds, on the other hand, were heavier at sexual maturity at relatively younger age and laid more eggs.