• 아동학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.339-356
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• 2008

Participants in this study on preschool children's ability to delay gratification were 132 4- to 5 year-old children and their mothers from 6 daycare centers. Mothers completed questionnaires reporting their parenting style, their child's ability to delay gratification, and child's temperament. Children participated in the real and hypothetical settings of the delay of gratification experiment. Data was analyzed by t-test, F-test, correlation and discrimination analysis. Results were that (1) 43% of preschoolers passed the delay of gratification experiment. (2) Older children were more able to delay gratification than younger children. (3) Children's rewards choices in the real setting correlated with their rewards choices in the hypothetical situation of delay of gratification. (4) Children's ability to delay gratification was influenced by their motor intelligence.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.170-173
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• 2019

A rare case of esophageal atresia/tracheo-esophageal fistula (EA-TEF) with an associated tracheobronchial remnant (TBR) is reported and discussed herein. A 13-month-old patient was seen with a complaint of vomiting of solid food 1 year after EA-TEF repair. An esophagogram showed a tapered narrowing in the lower segment of the esophagus. A re-operation was carried out and a pathologic examination of the resected stenotic segment revealed the presence of a TBR.

• 한국화예디자인학연구
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• 제41호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2019

본 연구는 유아의 숲놀이와 관련된 연구논문을 분석하고 앞으로의 연구방향과 기초자료를 제시하기 위하여 실시하였다. 2009년부터 2018년까지 학술연구정보서비스(www.riss.kr)에 제공된 유아를 대상으로 한 숲놀이 논문 중 174편을 연구대상으로 하였다. 연구대상에 따른 논문수는 유아를 대상으로 한 논문이 114편으로 가장 많았다. 유아를 대상으로 한 숲놀이 논문의 연구 방향의 경향을 보면 실험연구(55.17%), 조사연구(17.82%), 관찰연구(9.77%), 사례연구(5.75%), 문헌연구(6.32%), 기타(5.17%) 순이었다. 대상연령별 연구 경향을 살펴보면 단일연령을 대상으로 연구한 논문의 경우 만 2세(3.51%), 만 3세(2.63%), 만 4세(9.65%), 만 5세(35.96%) 순 이었다. 만 2~5세의 유아를 혼합하여 연구한 경우(40.36%), 만 1세 영아 또는 장애아(7.89%)로 나타났다. 유아발달의 경향을 살펴보면 정서발달(30.7%), 사회성발달(25.44%), 인지발달(16.67%), 자아개념발달(14.04%), 신체발달(6.14%), 언어발달(3.51%), 기타(3.51%) 순으로 나타나 언어발달과 유아 숲놀이에 대한 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.165-176
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether children's temperament and maternal control strategies were related to the self-control behaviors of 3-year-old children. The sample was comprised of 50 young children, ranging from 37 to 50 months of age, and their mothers. Mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire on children's temperament. Situational observation was conducted for obtaining data on maternal control strategies and for children's self-control behaviors in a resistance to temptation situation. All the subjects' activities were videotaped for 20 minutes. Differences were found in maternal control strategies and children's self-control behaviors by gender of child and by age and education of mothers. Relationships were found between children's temperament and maternal control strategies. However, children's temperament had an indirect effect on their self-control behaviors through maternal control strategies. The findings indicated that the self-control development of children in this sample were in a transitional stage.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.115-132
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• 2001

This study examined the effects of mother's parenting and children's reflection on the development of self-control in the resistance to temptation situation. Subjects were 85 3-, 4- and 5- year old children attending educational preschool and their mothers. Each subject's activities were videotaped for 10 minutes in the experimental settings. Children's reflection was evaluated by Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test(MFF). Mothers completed a parenting questionnaire. Results showed no age or sex difference in resistance to temptation. Task patience increased with age, and girls had more task patience than boys. Children's resistance to temptation and task patience correlated with children's reflection and mother's parenting. Children's MFF latency and mother's permissiveness-nonintervention predicted children's resistance to temptation. Children's MFF errors, sex, age and mother's warmth-acceptance predicted children's task patience.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4462-4470
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• 2012

본 연구는 수 과학의 과정중심 통합 활동이 유아들의 과학적 탐구능력과 태도에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고 현장에서의 효율적인 교수학습 및 환경구성을 마련하는데 연구의 목적을 두고 있다. 연구대상은 전라북도 I시에 위치한 W대학 부속 유치원 만3세 만5세 유아 89명을 대상으로 각 연령별 발달을 고려한 주제를 각각 선정하여 수 과학의 과정중심 통합 활동을 실행하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS for Windows 프로그램을 이용하여 대응표본 t검증을 실시하였고, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수 과학의 과정중심 통합 활동을 실시한 결과 과학적 탐구 능력과 과학적 태도를 구성하고 있는 각 하위 요인들이 연령별, 성별로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 수 과학 과정중심 통합 활동이 만3세 5세 유아들에게 긍정적인 영향을 주는 활동임을 시사하고 있다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2018

Purpose: Monogenic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients do not respond to conventional therapy and are associated with a higher morbidity. We summarized the clinical characteristics of monogenic IBD patients and compared their clinical outcomes to that of non-monogenic IBD patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all children <18 years old who were diagnosed with IBD between 2005 and 2016. A total of 230 children were enrolled. Monogenic IBD was defined as a presentation age less than 6 years old with confirmation of a genetic disorder. We subdivided the groups into monogenic IBD (n=18), non-monogenic very early-onset IBD (defined as patients with a presentation age <6 years old without a confirmed genetic disorder, n=12), non-monogenic IBD (defined as all patients under 18 years old excluding monogenic IBD, n=212), and severe IBD (defined as patients treated with an anti-tumor necrosis factor excluding monogenic IBD, n=92). We compared demographic data, initial pediatric Crohn disease activity index/pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index (PCDAI/PUCAI) score, frequency of hospitalizations, surgical experiences, and height and weight under 3rd percentile among the patients enrolled. Results: The initial PCDAI/PUCAI score (p<0.05), incidence of surgery per year (p<0.05), and hospitalization per year (p<0.05) were higher in the monogenic IBD group than in the other IBD groups. Additionally, the proportion of children whose weight and height were less than the 3rd percentile (p<0.05 and p<0.05, respectively) was also higher in the monogenic IBD group. Conclusion: Monogenic IBD showed more severe clinical manifestations than the other groups.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.223-238
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of children's temperament, social competence, emotional intelligence, morality and parent's child rearing attitudes on young children's internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Subjects were l34 five-year-old children attending day-care centers and kindergartens in Seoul, Korea. Analysis of the relationships among these variables was by correlation and stepwise multiple regressions. There were statistically significant correlations among the variables of temperament, social competence and parents' child rearing attitudes and young children's behavior problems. Variables influencing young children's internalizing behavior problems were children's temperament and parents' child-rearing attitudes; variables influencing children's externalizing behavior problems were children's temperament, their social competence, and parents' child-rearing attitudes.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2007

This study used path analysis to investigate causal effects of creative home environment and emotional and cognitive variables on children's creative thinking and characteristics. the subjects were 233 5- and 6-year-old children, their mothers and teachers in the City of Taegu and Kyungpook Province. Major results were that (1) creative home environment directly affected children's creative thinking, creative characteristics and motivation. (2) Children's motivation directly affected children's creative characteristics. (3) Children's temperament directly affected motivation and indirectly affected children's creative characteristics through motivation. (4) Children's intelligence directly affected knowledge, and indirectly affected children's creative thinking through knowledge.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

Objectives: Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure may be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Cd exposure during gestation and ADHD at 6 years of age. Methods: As part of an ongoing cohort study (the Environment and Development of Children study), 479 mother-child pairs from Seoul, Korea were included for analysis between 2008 and 2011. The whole blood concentration of Cd was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The parents were surveyed about ADHD behaviors in their children at age 6. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to Cd and ADHD at 6 years of age. Results: Increased prenatal Cd concentrations were associated with increased scores for ADHD for girls, but not for boys, at age 6. A 2-fold increase in the prenatal Cd level was significantly associated with a 22.3% (95% confidence interval, 11.6 to 34.1) increase in ADHD in girls at 6 years of age, as indicated by the linear regression model. Conclusions: Our results identified significant associations between prenatal Cd exposure and ADHD scores in 6-year-old girls.