• 치과방사선
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was radiographic analysis of the morphology of maxillary sinus in adolescents and adults. In order to analize the morphology of maxillary sinus in view point of anteroposterior width of medial wall, vertical distance between antral floor and nasal floor level, anterior extension, distance between antral floor and maxillary 1st molar apex, and types of lower border of maxillary sinus, specialized maxillary projection and periapical view with paralleling technique was taken. The author examined orthopantomograms and intraoral standard views taken from 400 adolescents and adults ranged 15-65 year-old. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The antero-posterior width of medial wall of maxillary sinus was 32.80mm in 15-19 year-old group, 33.86㎜ in 20-24 year-old group, 34.09㎜ in 25-29 year-old group, and 33.67㎜ in 30-65 year-old group, and the left maxillary sinus was somewhat smaller than the right. 2. The vertical distance between antral floor and nasal floor level was 8.49㎜ in 15-19 year-old group, 9.05㎜ in 20-24 year-old group, 8.95㎜ in 25-29 year-old group, and 8.32㎜ in 30-65 year-old group. 3. The order of anterior extension of maxillary sinus were distal half of canine, mesial half of canine, mesial half of 1st premolar, and distal half of 1st premolar. 4. The distance between antral floor and maxillary 1st molar were 4.36㎜ in 15-19 year-old group, 4.77㎜ in 20-24 year-old group, 3.58㎜ in 25-29 year-old group, and 2.33㎜ in 30-65 year-old group. 5. The order of the types of lower border of maxillary sinus were entire downward type, close type, partially downward type, waving type, separating type, and indistinct. In the types of antral floor, there was a tendency to increase the seperating type with age.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.360-370
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• 2019

Woody crops cultivated in short-rotation coppices are attractive sources of lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production, since they are some of the most abundant renewable resources. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the growth period on bioethanol production using short-rotation woody crops (Populus nigra ${\times}$ Populus maxiwiczii, Populus euramericana, Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa, and Salix alba). The carbohydrate contents of 3-year-old and 12-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches were 62.1-68.5% and 64.0-67.1%, respectively. The chemical compositions of 3-year-old and 12-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches did not vary significantly depending upon the growth period. However, the 3-year-old short-rotation woody crop branches (glucose conversion: 26-40%) were hydrolyzed more easily than their 12-year-old counterparts (glucose conversion: 19-24%). Furthermore, following the fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates from the crop branch samples (by Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7296) to ethanol, the ethanol concentration of short rotation coppice woody crops was found to be higher in the 3-year-old branch samples (~ 0.18 g/g dry matter) than in the 12-year-old branch samples (~ 0.14 g/g dry matter). These results suggest that immature wood (3-year-old branches) from short-rotation woody crops could be a promising feedstock for bioethanol production.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.152-156
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• 1997

도라지는 약리성분을 많이 함유하고 있으며 식품 및 생약재료로 널리 사용되고 있다. 재배도라지 24년근 및 3년근의 주요성분을 동정하기 위하여 약리성분을 분석하고 비교하였다. 재배도라지의 에탄올 추출물에서는 24년근에서 역상column을 사용한 HPLC분석에서 retention time이 약 50분 이후부터 3년근에는 보이지 않았던 peak가 나타나고 있어 연수에 따라 다수의 약리성 물질이 생성되거나 미량물질이 생성되었다. 재배도라지의 sterol 조성비 및 saponin 함량에서는 24년근과 3년근간에는 별다른 차이가 없었다. 재배도라지 15년근및23년근, 인삼6년근, 더덕3년근 모두 유의성있는 항보체 활성효과는 없었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.281-284
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• 2007

The objective of this research is to provide basic information necessary to differentiate between ginseng (Panax ginseng) grown in woods environments and cultivated ginseng. The ginseng saponin (ginsenoside) contents of Korean woods-grown, 4 year-old cultivated, and 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs were determined via HPLC analysis. The total saponins in the woods-grown ginseng (0.648%) were approximately twice that of the 4 year-old cultivated (0.270%) and the 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs (0.280%). The protopanaxadiols (PD)/protopanaxatriols (PT) ratio of the woods-grown ginseng (3.258%) was higher than that of the 4 year-old cultivated (2.456%) and the 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs (2.183%). The $Rb_1/Rg_1$ ratio of the woods-grown ginseng (10.225%) was also higher than those of the 4 year-old cultivated (3.514%) and the 6 year-old cultivated ginsengs (4.865%).

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1977

은수원사시나무(${\times}$P. albaglandulosa)조림지(造林地)에서 임분밀도(林分密度)가 693본(本)/ha의 6년생(年生), 625본(本) 또는 527본(本)/ha의 9년생(年生) 임분(林分)에 대하여 상대생장법(相對生長法)으로 현존량(現存量)과 생산성(生産性)을 추정(推定)하고 생산구조(生産構造)를 분석(分析)하였다. 1. 생산구조도(生産構造圖)의 광합성부(光合成部)는 층(層)을 형성(形成)하여 광선(光線)의 투입(透入)에 효과적(効果的)인 특징(特徵)을 나타내었다. 2. 지상부(地上部) 현존량(現存量)은 6년생(年生)이 18.11 ton/ha, 9년생(年生)이 38.8~47.3ton/ha 이며, 간재적(幹材積)은 6년생(年生)이 $31.3m^3/ha$, 9년생(年生)이 $68.8{\sim}83.9m^3/ha$이었다. 3. 년순생산량(年純生産量)은 6년생(年生)에서 4.8 ton/ha/yr, 9년생(年生)에서 10.0~11.7ton/ha/yr를 얻었고. 간재적(幹材積)의 순생산량(純生産量)은 $17.9{\sim}21.1m^3/ha/yr$로 나타났다. 4. 9년생(年生)의 표준지(標準地)에서 현존량(現存量) 및 순생산량(純生産量)에 차이(差異)가 생기는 이유(理由)는 토양(土壤)의 화학성분(化學成分)에 의하지 않고 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)에 기인(起因)하는 것으로 사료(思料)되었다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate young children's nonsymbolic magnitude comparison ability according to ratio limit and task condition. Methods: The participants included 40 3-year-old children, 42 4-year-old children, and 41 5-year-old children recruited from 4 childcare centers located in Seoul, Korea. All magnitude comparison tasks were composed of image material tasks and concrete material tasks. In addition, each magnitude comparison task varied with the ratio of the two quantities; 0.5 ratio, 0.67 ratio, 0.75 ratio. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children could perform nonsymbolic magnitude comparison tasks without learning experiences. Also, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children could perform concrete material tasks better than image material tasks in nonsymbolic magnitude comparison tasks. Furthermore, children's performance on nonsymbolic magnitude comparison tasks indicated the ratio signature of the approximate number system. Children have a degree of numerical capacity prior to formal mathematics instruction. Also, children were influenced by task conditions or sense stimulus when they processed numerical information. Furthermore, the approximate number system can be used in understanding the ordinality of number.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between children's private speech during the individual session and maternal scaffolding during mother-child session. Subjects were twenty 3-year-old children and twenty 5-year-old children and their mothers recruited from day-care centers in Seoul. Mother-child interaction was videotaped for 15 minutes and maternal utterances were transcribed for analysis maternal scaffolding. Individual session of child after 3-5days was videotaped for 15 minutes and children's utterance was transcribed. Subcategories of maternal scaffolding were significantly related with children's private speech during individual session. There did appear to be an age difference in this relationship. In verbal strategy for scaffolding that 3-year-old's mother used, other-regulation and control, praise strategy was significantly related with children's private speech. In verbal strategy for scaffolding that 5-year-old's mother used, other-regulation and control, teaching strategy was significantly related with children's private speech. In maternal physical control strategy, withdrawal of mother physical control the maze task over time was significantly related with children's private speech. Withdrawal of mother physical control 5-year-old's physical performance was significantly related with children's private speech.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2021

Four patients with shoulder problems that were traumatic in etiology presented to us with delays in seeking care ranging from 6 to 12 weeks due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown. The care of three cases (a 3-month-old neglected anterior shoulder dislocation with a greater tuberosity fracture in a 30-year old man, a 3-month-old neglected anterior shoulder dislocation in a 17-year old boy, and a 2-month-old neglected greater tuberosity fracture in a 31-year old man) was delayed due to the lockdown and the ensuing travel restrictions, while that of one case (a 6-week-old fracture-dislocation of the proximal humerus in a 55-year-old woman) was delayed because the patient was undergoing treatment for COVID-19 at the time of injury. This report intends to present the exceptional circumstances around these cases. The unique treatment challenges and their outcomes are also described to advise the surgeons of the nuances and difficulties in treating these injuries.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how the letters of children' names can be used to teach Hangŭl reading to 3-and 4-year-old children. Methods: This study reviewed existing research and analyzed the characteristics of name letters in teaching Hangŭl reading, focusing on the developmental stages and patterns of 3-and 4-year-old children's understanding of these letters. Based on this analyses, teaching strategies utilizing name letters were proposed for enhancing Hangŭl reading skills in 3-and 4-year-old children. Results: First, teaching should establish a clear connection between spoken and written language. Second, a balanced approach that incorporate both meaning-centered and phonics-centered teaching methods is recommended. Third, instruction should follow a step-by-step progression based on children's reading development, particularly their awareness of word recognition. Fourth, social interaction should be actively promoted. Conclusion/Implications: By utilizing the letters of their names, an integrated and balanced approach to teaching Hangul reading tailored to the developmental needs of 3- and 4-year-olds can be provided to them. The findings of this study can serve as practical guidelines for organizing and implementing developmentally appropriate and systematic teaching Hangŭl reading in early childhood education settings.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 1987

저년생 인삼의 잠아 및 화기형성시기와 양상은 고년생 인삼의 이차적인 양상과 상이하기 때문에 1년생 묘삼의 잠아발달 및 다식된 2년생 인삼의 화기형성과정을 조사관찰하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 2년생 이상의 인삼 잠아조직은 4월중순경 분제조직의 조기포분제로 시작하는데 1년생 묘삼에서는 유근발근시인 3월 하순경 시작하는 것으로 추측되었으며 잠아의 위치는 자엽간 줄기하단 문부위에 생성되었다. 2. 3년생 이상의 인삼 화기분화는 전년도 형성된 뇌두조직내에서 형성되지만 2년생 인삼의 화기는 줄기선단 엽병사이의 경단분제조직에서 분제세포의 분열과 함께 분화, 형성되었다.