• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.279-282
• /
• 1995

Eight natural or semistynthesized monoterpenes were examined for their effects in rat brain monoamine oxidase(MAO) using benzylamine as substrate. Thujone and 3-carene were found to have the inhibition effects on rat brain MAQ activity, 38% and 95% inhibition at 103M respectively. The kinetic study on 3-carene, the most potent inhibitive type. But (+) pulegon and (-) isopulegon was found to activate MAO slightly.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.233-237
• /
• 2008

The essential oil was obtained from the aerial part of Rhododendon mucronulatum Turcz. var. ciliatum Nakai by steam distillation, samples were collected by headspace (HS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods, and the compositions of the oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nineteen constituents were identified from the essential oil: 15 carbohydrates, 3 alcohols, and 1 acetates. Major constituents were 2-${\beta}$-pinene (16.1%), camphene (11.9%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (11.4%), d,l-limonene (9.5%), and ${\gamma}$-terpinene (9.5%). By SPME extraction, seventeen constituents were identified: 13 hydrocarbons, 1 alcohol, 1 nitrogen-containing compound, 1 acetate, and 1 amine. Major constituents of the SPME-extracted sample were cam phene (19.6%), 2-${\beta}$-pinene (18.0%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (17.4%), trimethyl hydrazine (9.7%), ${\gamma}$-terpinene (8.5%), and d,l-limonene (5.5%). By HS extraction, thirteen constituents were identified: 11 hydrocarbons, 1 alcohol, and 1 nitrogen-containing compound. Major constituents of the HS-extracted sample were camphene (25.8%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (24.8%), 2-${\beta}$-pinene (20.2%), d,l-limonene (5.4%), tricyclene (5.1%) and trimethyl hydrazine (4.6%). The fragrance of the essential oil was coniferous, balsamic, and woody, and the $IC_{50}$ value of the essential oil was 0.030 ${\mu}g/mg$ in MTT assay using UaCaT keratinocyte cell line.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.86-93
• /
• 2008

The chemical composition of the volatile constituents from the leaves and stems of endemic Acanthopanax koreanum and A. chiisanensis collected from Mt. Deokyu was determined by GC and GC/MS spectrometric analysis with the aid of NBS, Wiley Library and RI indice searches. The major constituents identified were ${\delta}-3-carene$ (31.34%), l-limonene (17.01 %), ${\beta}-elemene$(4.53%), trans-p-menth-2-ene-1,8-diol(3.13%), 1,8-cineole (4.73%), 1-dodecen-3-yne (2.64%) and (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene (3.21%) in A. koreanum, and ${\delta}-3-carene$ (14.78%), limonene (7.24%), t-ocimene (7.22%), ${\alpha}-terpinolene$ (8.76%), ${\gamma}-elemene$ (4.32%), ${\beta}-selinene$ (7.72%), veridifloral (3.25%) and dodecane (2.44%) in A. chiisanensis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2008

The chemical composition of the volatile constituents from the leaves, stems, and roots of Acanthopanax sessiliforus growing wild in Mt. Deok-Yu was determined by GC and GC-MS spectrometric analysis with the aid of NBS, Wiley Library and RI indice searches. The major constituents identified were ${\delta}-3-carene$ (7.24%), limonene (8.10%), ${\beta}-thujene$ (17.85%), trans-bicyclic hydrocarbon (13.35%) and ${\delta}-cadinene$ (4.28%) in the leaves from one year-grown plants, tricyclene (7.21%), ${\beta}-myrcene$ (7.62%), limonene (10.23%), ${\beta}-thujene$ (15.61%) and dihydroedulan I (6.12%) in the leaves from three years-grown plants, ${\delta}-3-carene$ (4.96%), limonene (5.93%), ${\beta}-phellandrene$ (17.31%) and naphthalene (7.79%) in the stems from one year-grown plants, ${\alpha}-pinene$ (5.21%), limonene (5.12%) and ${\beta}-phellandrene$ (9.82%) in the stems from three years-grown plants, ${\alpha}-pinene$ (12.73%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (11.16%), ${\delta}-3-carene$ (6.16%) and ${\gamma}-cadinene$ (23.39%) in the roots from one year-grown plants, and ${\alpha}-pinene$ (17.25%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (9.35%), ${\delta}-3-carene$ (7.26%) and ${\gamma}-cadinene$ (17.95%) in the roots from three years-grown plants.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 1995

The terpenoids are one of the secondary metabolities in Pinus species and functioned the protection them from insects or/and fungus etc. Since Pinus koraiensis has not any damage by Pine needle gall midge but Pinus densiflora has great injury by them in South Korea. It may great helf to find these reasons to analize their monoterpenenoids and to compare the seasonal variation of their amounts. Terpenoids were analized by GC, GC/MS. Some biogenetic analysis of terpenoids also was elucidated. The seasonal variation of terpenoid was distinguished at March and August and/or September. Most of major component of monoterpenes were increased or decreased in these periods in Pinus koraiensis. Especially 3-carene was showed significant variation between the period of physiological activity and the period of domain. The effect of infection by Pine needle gall midge was significant in Pinus densiflora for amount of monoterpene during the period of infection. The components of p-menthane series between Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis was recognized a significant difference during the experiment. Biogenetic cooccurrance of pmenthane series also was recognized between 3-carene and terpinolene in Pinus koraiensis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 2001

The compositions of essential oils isolated from the leaves and fruits of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc). Endl. and Chamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. were analyzed through GC and GC-MS. The oil yields were 0.83% (as fresh weight) and 1.36% in the leaves and the fruits of C. obtusa, and were 0.92% and 1.28% in those of C. pisifera, respectively. More than 90 components were identified, including high contents of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. Contents of monoteipenoids in the leaf and fruit oils of C. pisifera were higher than in those of C. obutsa. The major constituents in the leaf oil of C. obtusa were sabinene (11.81% as determined through GC peak area), limonene (7.73%), bornyl acetate (6.92%), $borneol+{\alpha}-teirineol$ (15.67%), and elemol (12.82%), and those in the fruit oil were myrcene (8.12%), ${\gamma}-terpinene$(5.91%), p-cymene(7.62%), $borneol+{\alpha}-terpineol$(6.53%) and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (23.74%). The major constituents in the leaf oil of C. pisifera were ${\alpha}-pinene$(32.34%), ${\delta}-3-carene$(25.28%), myrcene(11.72%), and bornyl acetate (8.77%), and those in the fruit oil were ${\alpha}-pinene$ (29.38%), ${\delta}-3-carene$(30.27%), myrcene(15.05%), and limonene(8.10%).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.238-244
• /
• 2008

The essential oil was obtained from the aerial part of Caryopteris incana Miq. by steam distillation, samples were collected by headspace (HS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods, and the compositions of the essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The fragrance of the essential oil was fougere and woody. There were sixty-nine constituents in the essential oil: 28 carbohydrates, 22 alcohols, 7 acetates, 7 ketones, 3 aldehydes, and 2 others. Major constituents were 4,6,6-trimethyl [1S-($1{\alpha},2{\beta},5{\alpha}$)]-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol (11.8%), taucadinol (9.4%), myrtenyl acetate (9.2%), pinocarvone (7.0%), 1-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-isopropyl-2,7-cyclodecadiene (6.3%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (6.2%). By SPME extraction, forty-nine constituents were identified: 22 hydrocarbons, 16 alcohols, 6 acetates, 3 ketones, and 2 ethers. Major constituents of the SPME-extracted sample were ${\delta}$-3-carene (12.6%), (-)-myrtenyl acetate (11.2%), 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-bicycol [3.1.1] heptan-3-o1 (10.9%), pinocarvone (9.3%). By HS extraction, ten constituents were identified: 5 hydrocarbons, 2 amines, 1 alcohol, and 2 others. Major constituents of the HS-extracted sample were (Z)-2-fluoro-2-butene (34.9%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (6.9%), 6-(4-chlorophenul)tetrahydro-2-methyl-2H-1,2-oxazine (5.9%). The $IC_{50}$ value (0.011 ${\mu}g/mg$) in MTT assay using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line was lower than those of commercially-selling rosemary and tea tree, suggesting more toxicological studies are needed for commercial use of the essential oil of Caryopteris incana Miq.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 2011

Essential oil was extracted from cones of metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) by steam distillation, fragrance was determined by sensorial analysis and chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid-phase microextraction apparatus. Metasequia contained 0.40% of essential oil in the cone. Major impact fragrances of the essential oil were woody, coniferous and herbal, and minor impact fragrances were minty, spicy and oily. There were nine constituents in the essential oil : 8 hydrocarbons and 1 oxide. Constituents were limonene (66.18%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (11.11%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene (6.66%), ${\beta}$-myrcene (5.92%), ${\beta}$-pinene (4.14%), caryophyllene oxide (2.39%), camphene (2.32%), ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene (0.85%), and tricyclene (0.43%). Herbal and minty frangrances could be due to limonene and ${\delta}$-3-carene, spicy frangrance to caryophyllene, woody and coniferous frangrances to ${\alpha}$-pinene and ${\beta}$-pinene, and oily fragrance to camphene.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.257-265
• /
• 2020

This study investigated the volatile flavor composition of essential oils from Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai with different harvesting area. The essential oils obtained by the hydrodistillation extraction method from the aerial parts of the plants were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ninety-five (91.61%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oils from the S. virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai harvested in Koheung, Jeolanamdo. The major compounds were hexadecanoic acid (29.22%), 7-hexyl eicosane (9.12%), spathulenol (7.701%), 3,8-dimethyl decane (6.48%), caryophyllene oxide (4.52%) and α-copaene (4.23%). Fifty-seven (97.43%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oils from the S. virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai harvested in Seoguipo, Jejudo. The major compounds were 2-carene (40.95%), α-copaene (10.77%), α-muurolene (5.81%), and spathulenol (3.11%). The chemical composition of the essential oils was significantly different in quality and quantity with the different harvesting area. The quantitative variations of hexadecanoic acid, 7-hexyl eicosane, spathulenol, 3,8-dimethyl decane, caryophyllene oxide, 2-carene, and α-copaene according to different harvesting area can serve as a quality index of the S. virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai essential oils in food industries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.805-809
• /
• 2004

The antimite activities of cumin seed oil-derived cuminaldehyde and eleven commercial components of Cuminum cyminum oil were examined against Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus adults and compared with those of benzyl benzoate and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide. Responses varied according to dose and mite species. On the basis of $LD_{50}$ values, the compound most toxic to D. farinae adults was cuminaldehyde ($2.40\mug/cm^2$) followed by benzyl benzoate ($9.32\mug/cm^2$), thymol ($9.43\mug/cm^2$), DEET ($36.84\mug/cm^2$), and 3-carene ($42.11\mug/cm^2$). Against D. pteronyssinus adults, cuminaldehyde ($1.94\mug/cm^2$) was much more effective than benzyl benzoate ($6.50\mug/cm^2$) thymol ($6.92\mug/cm^2$), DEET ($17.79\mug/cm^2$), and 3-carene ($39.85\mug/cm^2$). These results indicate that the antimite activity of cumin seed oil could be caused by cuminaldehyde. Cuminaldehyde was about 3.9 and 3.4 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate against D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus adults, respectively. Therefore, further study is needed to confirm the findings of this study and the possibility of cuminaldehyde as a house dust mite control agent or a lead compound.