• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2021

A two dimensional model of linearly elastic soil spring used for the settlement analysis of the flexible mat foundation is suggested in this study. The spring constants of the soils underneath the foundation were modeled assuming uniformly vertical load applied onto the foundation. The soil spring constants were back calculated using the three-dimensional finite element analysis with Midas GTS NX program. Variation of the soil spring constants was modeled as a two-dimensional polynomial function in terms of the normalized spatial distances between the center of foundation and the analytical points. The Lysmer's analog spring for soils underneath the rigid foundation was adopted and calibrated for the flexible foundation. For validations, the newly proposed soil spring model was incorporated into a two dimensional finite difference analysis for a square mat foundation at the surface of an elastic half-space consisting of soft clays. Comparative study was made for elastic soils where the shear wave velocity is 120~180 m/s and the Poisson's ratio varies at 0.3~0.5. The resulting foundation settlements from the two dimensional finite difference analysis with the proposed soil springs were found in good agreement with those obtained directly from three dimensional finite element analyses. Details of the applications and limitations of the modified Lysmer's analog springs were discussed in this study.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2022

산사태에 대한 비탈면 안정해석시, 산지 비탈면의 경사와 지형의 변화가 심한 경우에는 엄밀한 해석으로 안정성을 평가해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 불포화층에서 강우로 인한 침투 현상을 해석하여 간극수압의 변동을 고려한 산사태 안정성 분석을 수행하였다. 비탈면 안정해석 시 실제 산사태가 발생한 지역을 선정하여 3차원 비탈면 안정해석을 수행하였고 무한비탈면 해석결과와 비교하였다. 세밀한 지반정보를 기반하여 3차원 비탈면 안정해석으로 지형에 따라 변동하는 산사태의 발생위치와 규모를 예측할 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.102-113
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• 1999

결정질 암반에 설치되는 처분공과 처분터널의 구조적 안정성을 평가하기 위해 UDEC과 3DEC을 이용하여 2차원해석과 3차원 해석의 결과를 비교 분석함으로써 불연속면의 존재, 처분공 사이의 간격 등이 처분터널과 처분공의 안정성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 2차원 및 3차원 불연속 해석모델에서 최대주응력 및 파괴발생 가능성이 큰 지점은 터널과 불연속면 사이의 암반이다. 또한 처분공을 포함하는 해석단면에 대한 2차원 및 3차원 해석결과, 합리적인 결과를 얻기 위해서는 3차원 해석이 필요함을 제시할 수 있었다. 그리고 처분공 간격이 8m에서 3m로 감소하더라도 처분터널의 역학적인 안정성에는 큰 변화가 발생하지 않는 것으로 나타났다

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1997

A sectional analysis of auto-body panel stamping is carried out by using the rigid-plastic FEM based on the membrane theory. The auto-body panel material is assumed to possess normal anisotropy and to obey Hill's new yield criterion and its associated flow rule. A method of contact treatment is proposed in which the skew boundary condition for arbitarily shaped tools is successively used during iteration. Deformation of each section of trunk-lid panel is simulated and composed to get the three-dimensional shape by using CAD technique. It was shown that the composition of the two-dimensional section analysis gives almost the same results as the full three-dimensional analysis.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.421-425
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• 2007

The application of 3 dimensional virtual reality continuously pursues 3 dimensional system implementation in geographical information system, and is applied and studied in various fields like visualization, simulation, and 3 dimensional analysis. Orthoimage produced to construct basic data of virtual city is evaluated in accuracy, to fall in allowable error of the specification of image map generation. In this paper, 3 dimensional virtual city is constructed and evaluated around Bucheon University using 3 dimensional virtual reality technique and digital photogrammetry. Consequently, the constructed 3 dimensional virtual city around Bucheon University can visualize 3 dimensional reality, to help making decision. It can be substituted for existed 2 dimensional GIS in public and private sectors, and be helpful to decision makers.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appropriate impression technique by analyzing the superimposition of 3D digital model for evaluating accuracy of conventional impression technique and digital impression. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-four patients who had no periodontitis or temporomandibular joint disease were selected for analysis. As a reference model, digital impressions with a digital impression system were performed. As a test models, for conventional impression dual-arch and full-arch, impression techniques utilizing addition type polyvinylsiloxane for fabrication of cast were applied. 3D laser scanner is used for scanning the cast. Each 3 pairs for 25 STL datasets were imported into the inspection software. The three-dimensional differences were illustrated in a color-coded map. For three-dimensional quantitative analysis, 4 specified contact locations(buccal and lingual cusps of second premolar and molar) were established. For two-dimensional quantitative analysis, the sectioning from buccal cusp to lingual cusp of second premolar and molar were acquired depending on the tooth axis. RESULTS. In color-coded map, the biggest difference between intraoral scanning and dual-arch impression was seen (P<.05). In three-dimensional analysis, the biggest difference was seen between intraoral scanning and dual-arch impression and the smallest difference was seen between dual-arch and full-arch impression. CONCLUSION. The two- and three-dimensional deviations between intraoral scanner and dual-arch impression was bigger than full-arch and dual-arch impression (P<.05). The second premolar showed significantly bigger three-dimensional deviations than the second molar in the three-dimensional deviations (P>.05).

• 지질공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

화강암과 안산암질 암맥이 공존하고 있는 붕괴사변을 대상으로 지질에 의한 전단강도의 차이를 반영한 3차원 사면안정해석을 수행하였다. 지질이 서로 다른 두 종류의 파괴면에 대한 전단강도를 파악하기 위하여 흙-암 경계면 직접전단시험을 수행하였고, 또한 상부 풍화토층에 대한 실내토질시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과 풍화토층에 비하여 흙-암 경계면의 전단강도가 낮게 나타났다. 사면내 지질분포의 차이가 안정성해석 결과에 영향을 주는 것을 알아보기 위하여 한계평형법을 이용한 2차원사면안정성 해석을 대표단면에서 실시하였으며, 사면내 분포지질에 따라 입력치를 다르게 할 수 있는 3차원사면안정성해석을 실시하여 2차원안정성해석과 그 결과를 비교하였다. 해석결과에 의하면 안전율이 건기시 0.92와 포화시 0.32로 모두 불안정하게 나타난 2차원해석결과와는 달리 3차원해석결과에서는 건기시에 안전율이 1.26, 포화시에 0.55로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 사면내 지질분포를 고려할 경우 안정성 해석의 결과가 달라질 수 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 우기 직후 붕괴가 일어났던 점을 고려하면 3차원해석결과가 보다 현실적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.467-470
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• 2003

This study tries to introduce the precision measurement of 3-dimensional terrain of reservoir using Echo Sounder and RTK-GPS which is unprecedented in domestic. In this study, to introduce the way to produce the plane figure, the cross section and data of underside reservoir by constructing the 3-dimensional terrain models using 3-Dimensional data gained by measurement.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.107-109
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• 2004

Stepping motors are widely used for various electric instruments. In case of analysing claw pole PM slopping motor 3-dimensional analysis is necessary for accurate field calculation. This paper presents static torque characteristics of a permanent magnet type stepping motor with claw poles using three-dimensional finite element analysis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1651-1664
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• 2023

It is very difficult to capture the multi-dimensional phenomena such as asymmetric flow and temperature distributions with the one-dimensional (1D) model, obviously, due to its inherent limitation. In order to overcome such a limitation of the 1D representation, many state-of-the-art system codes have equipped a three-dimensional (3D) component for multi-dimensional analysis capability. In this study, a standard multi-dimensional analysis model of APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400) has been developed using TRACE (TRAC/RELAP Advanced Computational Engine). The entire reactor pressure vessel (RPV) of APR1400 has been modeled using a single 3D component. The fuels in the reactor core have been described with detailed and coarse representations, respectively, to figure out the impact of the fuel description. Using both 3D RPV models, a comparative analysis has been performed postulating a double-ended guillotine break at a cold leg. Based on the results of comparative analysis, it is revealed that both models show no significant difference in general plant behavior and the model with coarse fuel model could be used for faster transient analysis without reactor kinetics coupling. The analysis indicates that the asymmetric temperature and flow distributions are captured during the transient, and such nonuniform distributions contribute to asymmetric quenching behaviors during blowdown and reflood phases. Such asymmetries are directly connected to the figure of merits in the LBLOCA analysis. Therefore, it is recommended to employ a multi-dimensional RPV model with a detailed fuel description for a realistic safety analysis with the consideration of the spatial configuration of the reactor core.