• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.96-101
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• 2006

3-D visualization using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in a chaotic micromixer was performed as a reproduction experiment and the feasibility of 3-0 imaging technique in the microscale was confirmed. For diagonal micromixer (DM) and two types of staggered herringbone micromixers (SHM) designed by Whitesides et al., to verify the evolution of mixing, cross sectional images are reconstructed at the end of every cycle. In a DM, clockwise rotational flow motion generated by diagonal ridges placed on the floor of micromixer is observed and this motion makes the fluid commingle. On the contrary, there are two rotational flow structures in the SHM and the centers of rotation exchange their position each other every half cycle because of the V shape of ridges varying their orientation every half cycle. Local rotational flow and local extensional flow generated by the complicate ridge pattern make the flow be chaotic and accelerate the mixing of fluid. The dominant parameter that influences on the mixing characteristic of SHM is not the length of micromixer but the number of ridges under the same flow configurations.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.381-398
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• 2024

This study presents a mode analysis of 3D turbulent velocity data around a square-section building model to identify the dynamic system for Kármán-type vortex shedding. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was first performed to extract the significant 3D modes. Magnitude-squared coherence was then applied to detect the phase consistency between the modes, which were roughly divided into three groups. Group 1 (modes 1-4) depicted the main vortex shedding on the wake of the building, with mode 2 being controlled by the inflow fluctuation. Group 2 exhibited complex wake vortexes and single-sided vortex phenomena, while Group 3 exhibited more complicated phenomena, including flow separation. Subsequently, a third-order polynomial regression model was used to fit the dynamics system of modes 1, 3, and 4, which revealed average trend of the state trajectory. The two limit cycles of the regression model depicted the two rotation directions of Kármán-type vortex. Furthermore, two characteristic periods were identified from the trajectory generated by the regression model, which indicates fast and slow motions of the wake vortex. This study provides valuable insights into 3D mode morphology and dynamics of Kármán-type vortex shedding that helps to improve design and efficiency of structures in turbulent flow.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

A numerical study for laminar flow in the entrance region of helical tubes for uniform inlet velocity conditions is carried out by means of the finite volume method to investigate the effects of Reynolds number, pitch and curvature ratio on the flow development. This results cover a curvature ratio range of 1/10$\sim$1/320, a pitch range of 0.0$\sim$3.2, and a Reynolds number range of 125$\sim$2000. It has been found that the curvature ratio does significantly effect on the angle of flow development, but the pitch and Reynolds number do not. The characteristic angle $\phi_c(=\phi/\sqrt{\delta})$, or the non-dimensional length $\overline{l}(=l\sqrt{\delta}cos(atan\lambda)/d)$ can be used to represent the flow development for uniform inlet velocity conditions. In uniform inlet velocity conditions, the growth of boundary layer delays the flow development attributed to centrifugal force, and in which conditions the amplitude of flow oscillations is smaller than that in parabolic inlet velocity conditions. If the pitch increases or if the curvature ratio or Reynolds number decreases, the minimum friction factor and the fully developed average friction factor normalized with the friction factor of a straight tube and the flow oscillations decrease.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2017

Flow force is the additional unbalanced force acting on the valve spool by fluid flow, excluding the static pressure force that is offset on the spool land wall at the same magnitude. When designing the valve spool, it is assumed that the same average value of static pressure is applied to the inlet and outlet spool land wall in one chamber. However, the high velocity of the fluid flow by the inlet or outlet metering orifice creates unbalanced pressure distribution and generates additional force in the opposite direction to that of the solenoid attraction force. This flow force has a negative effect on the control performance of the EPPR valve, which needs to develop uniform output pressure along the entire spool control range. In this study, we developed a 3D model of the EPPR valve and conducted flow force characteristic analysis using CFD S/W (ANSYS FLUENT). The alleviated flow force model was derived by adjusting the design parameters of the spool notch.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1B
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• pp.115-123
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• 2008

In the present study, a three dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics around the fully submerged dual breakwaters with a sand beach has been investigated numerically using a 3-D numerical scheme, which can determine the eddy viscosity with LES turbulence model and is able to consider wave-structure-seabed interaction in 3-dimensional wave field (LES-WASS-3D), recently developed by Hur and Lee (2007). Based on the numerical experiments, strong vortices can be generated fore and aft edges of the structures, and propagate lee sides. Thus relatively large circulation flows are occurred around submerged breakwaters. The 3-D flow hydrodynamic characteristics have been examined by mean flows and mean vortices for various x-y, x-z sections and y-z layers. Wave height distribution and wave set-up around and over submerged breakwaters, and breaking point migration toward shore side is discussed in detail.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.921-926
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• 2001

The link for the Superconducting Flux Flow Transistor (SFFT) which is based on the flux flow has been fabricated by the ICP etching methods. The channel width and the thickness of the SFFT were a 3 ${\mu}$m and about 300 nm, respectively. The superconducting characteristic of the link was measured by the x-ray diffraction and the E.D.S.. The SFFT etched by ICP showed an I-V characteristic like the three terminal transistor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.285-290
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• 2005

Micro On-Off valves are currently recognized as the core technology in the fields of the micro fluid chip fur medical applications and production lines of semi-conduct chip. Micro valves that operate by compressed air need the high-speed responsibility, repeatability, the absorbability and the uniform pressure by the poppet. In this study, Micro On-Off valves that posses the high-speed responsibility and the high rate of flow have designed and analyzed through the law of equivalent magnetic circuit and Finite Element Method (FEM) respectively. In case of poppet, Flow field characteristic was analyzed by the variation of poppet and it was able to display flow field by changing the location of the poppet. Also, we verified possibility of the design through the static and dynamic pressure and the 3D distribution curve of the force by working the front poppet.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.290-291
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• 2001

The relationship between velocity, viscosity, diffusion coefficient, mass transfer coefficient and characteristic length and mass transfer data can be correlated by dimensionless relationship in electrolytic process. The performance of dyestuff removal was decreased as the flow rate of electrolyte was increased. It was due to the effect of retention time decreasing was superior to that of turbulent inlet mixing. Sh/Sc$\^$1/3/ vs Re plot for Al flat electrode did not showed the general tendency of the relationship between Sh/Sc$\^$1/3/ and Re. It can be thought that flow rate was not sufficiently high to increase the effect of mixing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.704-708
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• 2010

하천에 있어서 저수호안의 수충부는 수리학적 안정성이 요구되는 부분이나 이에 대한 신뢰성있는 자료와 적정 공법의 선정 방안이 마련되어 있지 않고 있으며, 국내 자연형하천 조성을 위하여 하천하안에 적용된 공법들은 대부분 콘크리트블록, 발파석, 강화석, 전석, 잡석 등 견고한 재료를 활용한 공법이었다. 최근 하천의 생태환경 조성으로 인하여 식생에 의한 공법 개발이 활발하게 진행되고 있으나 이의 치수적인 평가는 진행되고 있지 않으며, 이들 각종 공법의 적용여부는 주로 소류력의 평가에 의한 것으로 하천의 생태적 환경보다는 치수적인 관점에서 적용되고 있다. 국내 생태하천의 경우 호안의 경사가 1:2~1:5정도로 매우 완만한 것이 보통이며, 급강하 하천이 아니기 때문에 설계유속은 2~3m/s 정도이다. 본 연구에서는 경사에 따른 호안의 안정성을 검증하기 위하여 3차원 모델인 Flow-3D를 이용하여 길이 20m, 폭 2m, 높이 1m의 개수로 장치를 구성하였으며, 호안의 조도변화에 따른 유량별 2차원 유속분포 및 Froude수를 산정하여 분석하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.210-219
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• 2014

The MPI dual injection engine can enhance the fuel efficiency and engine power. By using one injector per one intake port, MPI dual injection engine has an excellent fuel atomization and targeting injection. As the basic research for the MPI Dual injection engine design, this research was investigated in order to understand the characteristic of the in-cylinder flow and fuel behavior according to engine temperature condition and the fuel type in the MPI dual injection engines. The 3D unsteady CFD simulation for the MPI Dual injection engine was performed using STAR-CD. The engine operating condition was 2,000 rpm/WOT. The parameters for this study were fuel types, fuel temperatures and wall temperatures. As a result, the intake air amount, evaporated fuel in the cylinder and the fuel film on the wall were presented according to parameters that depend on the fuel properties and engine wall temperature. Also, the results were influenced by in-cylinder flow such as the intake flow, back flow and so on.