• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2011

For effective stimulation with tDCS, spatial focality of induced electrical field(EF) and current density(CD) is one of the important factors to be considered. Recently, there have been some studies to improve the spatial focality via different types of electrodes and their new configurations: some improvements using ring electrodes were reported over the conventional pad electrodes. However, most of these studies assumed isotropic conductivities in the head. In this work, we have investigated the effect of tissue anisotropy on the spatial focality of tDCS with the 4 + 1 ring electrode configuration via a 3-D high-resolution finite element(FE) head model with anisotropic conductivities in the skull and white matter. By examining the profiles of the induced EF from the head models with isotropic and anisotropic conductivities respectively, we found that the spatial focality of the induced EF significantly drops and get diffused due to tissue anisotropy. Our analysis suggests that it is critical to incorporate tissue anisotropy in the effective stimulation of the brain via tDCS.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.255-270
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• 2023

One of the main parameters that affect the design of suction caisson-supported offshore structures is uplift behavior. Pull-out of suction caissons is profoundly utilized as the offshore wind turbine foundations accompany by a tensile resistance that is a function of a complex interaction between the caisson dimensions, geometry, wall roughness, soil type, load history, pull-out rate, and many other parameters. In this paper, a parametric study using a 3-D finite element model (FEM) of a single offshore suction caisson (SOSC) surrounded by saturated soil is performed to examine the effect of some key factors on the tensile resistance of the suction bucket foundation. Among the aforementioned parameters, caisson geometry and uplift loading as well as the difference between the tensile resistance and suction pressure on the behavior of the soil-foundation system including tensile capacity are investigated. For this purpose, a full model including 3-D suction caisson, soil, and soil-structure interaction (SSI) is developed in Abaqus based on the u-p formulation accounting for soil displacement (u) and pore pressure, P.The dynamic responses of foundations are compared and validated with the known results from the literature. The paper has focused on the effect of geometry change of 3-D SOSC to present the soil-structure interaction and the tensile capacity. Different 3-D caisson models such as triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, and octagonal are employed. It is observed that regardless of the caisson geometry, by increasing the uplift loading rate, the tensile resistance increases. More specifically, it is found that the resistance to pull-out of the cylinder is higher than the other geometries and this geometry is the optimum one for designing caissons.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 시험도로 계측 자료와 유한요소해석 기법을 사용한 구조해석 결과를 비교하여 포장 전반에 걸친 거동을 분석할 수 있는 기반을 마련하는데 목적이 있다. 시험도로와 같이 다양한 하중 재하시험을 통하여 얻은 계측 결과와 유한요소 해석 결과를 비교하여 타당성을 입증할 경우, 향후 포장의 구조해석 및 설계 과정에서 유한요소해석 기법의 다양한 응용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 슬래브, 린, 보조기층, 길어깨, 다웰 및 타이바가 모두 포함된 3차원 콘크리트 해석 모형을 개발하여 동일 조건의 시험도로 계측값과 비교분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 다양한 온도 조건에서 구조해석을 수행하여 컬링에 의한 슬래브 거동을 파악하였다. 콘크리트포장에서 얻어진 변형률계의 계측 결과들과 유한요소해석에서 얻어진 예측 변형률사이의 오차를 줄이기 위하여 분석 방식은 실제 상황과 유사하게 모사하도록 구현하였으며, 가능하면 변수들을 실제 상황과 일치하도록 변화시켰다. 온도 변화 등 여러 가지 상황을 현장과 동일하게 만든 결과, 유한요소해석에서 예측한 값들이 현장에서 얻은 계측값에 유사하게 접근하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 린층에서는 해석값이 다소 과다하게 발생하여 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 실제 컬링을 모사한 구조해석 결과 계측값과 거의 동일하게 나타났으며 영구컬링의 존재도 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.306-310
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is the stability evaluation of a vacuum pump through modal test and rotor dynamics. Eigenvalue was solved by the finite-element method(FEM) using 2D and 3D models, then the modal test result was compared with the FEM result. According to the comparison, the analysis result using the 2D was more accurate than the 3D model. Therefore, rotor dynamics was performed by the 2D model. Campbell diagram and root-locus maps, which were calculated by complex-eigenvalue analysis, were used to evaluate the stability of the rotors of the vacuum pump. And displacement solved by unbalance response analysis was compared with the minimum clearance between two rotors of the vacuum pump. Thus, the vacuum pump is assumed operated under steady state through the evaluation of the rotor dynamics.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2006

Car seat is one the most important element to make comfortable drivability. It can absorb the impact or vibration during driving state. In addition to those factors, it is needed to have enough strength for passenger safety. From energy efficiency and environmental point of view lighter passenger car seat frame becomes hot issue in the auto industry. In this paper, weight optimization methodology is investigated for commercial car seat frame using CAE. Optimized designs for seat frame are developed using commercially available finite element code(ANSYS) and design of experiment method. At first, car seat frame is modelled using 3-D computer aided design tool(CATIA) and simplified for finite element modelling. Finite element analysis is carried out for the case of FMVSS 202 Head Restraint test to check the strength of the original seat frame. Two base brackets are selected as optimized elements that are the heaviest parts in the seat frame. After finite element analysis for the brackets with similar load condition to the previous test optimization technique is applied for 10% to 50% weight reduction. Design of experiment is utilized to obtain optimization design for the bracket based on the modified 50% weight reduction model in which outer shape of the bracket is conserved. Weight optimization models result in the decrease of the strength in spite of weight reduction. The more design points should be considered to get better optimized model. The more advanced optimization technique may be utilized for more parts of the seat frame to increase whole seat frame characteristics in the future.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 경사충돌시 피닝잔류응력 평가를 위해 3 차원 유한요소해석모델을 제안한다. 단일경사 충돌 해석모델을 이용해 Rayleigh 재료감쇠, 동적마찰 그리고 재료의 변형률 속도에 대한 영향을 알아 보고 이를 통합하여 피닝잔류응력 유일해를 얻는다. 숏볼은 변형을 고려한 소성숏을 포함한 해석 모델이며, 다중숏 경사충돌해석으로 확장한다. 다중경사충돌 해석모델은 단일경사충돌 연구를 통해 결정된 통합된 피닝인자들을 반영했고, 숏볼은 소성숏을 사용하였다. XRD 실험해와 비교시, 강체 및 탄성숏 해석모델에서 얻어진 해석해에 비해 소성숏 모델의 해석해가 실험해에 매우 근접하다. 이로부터 다양한 투사각을 갖는 3 차원 유한요소해석모델의 유효성을 확인하였다. 궁극적으로 제안된 해석모델은 실제 피닝현상을 충분히 반영하기 위한 다중숏 경사충돌해석연구의 초석이 될 것이다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1278-1281
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• 2004

Several workers reported the relationship between osteoporosis and age-related reductions in the BV/TV (bone volume fraction) of vertebral trabecular bones. However, there were few micro finite element (micro-FE) models to account for the treatments of the osteoporotic trabecular bone. In the present study, micro-FE models of osteoporotic and hormone-treated bone models were constructed to analyze the effect of specimen location and boundary condition on mechanical characteristics of hormone treatment model for osteoporotic trabecular bone. Top and bottom sections of specimens were also investigated individually to study the effect of specimen location. Hormone-treated models were allowed to have the same relative BV/TV (13.4％) as that used in models of previous researchers. The present study reported the elastic and plastic characteristics of the osteoporosis and hormone-treated bone models. In the present study, in-situ boundary condition was applied to the simulated compression tests for in-vivo condition of vertebral trabecular bone. The present study indicated that the hormone therapy was likely to improve the mechanical characteristics of osteoporotic bones and the mechanical characteristics of vertebral trabecular bone specimen were dependent on the captured location and boundary condition.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2019

Time dependent creep settlements are one of the most important causes of material deteriorations for the huge water structures such as concrete faced rockfill dams (CFRDs). For this reason, performing creep analyses of CFRDs is vital important for monitoring and evaluating of the future and safety of such dams. In this study, it is observed how changes viscoplastic behaviour of a CFR dam depending the time. Ilısu dam that is the longest concrete faced rockfill dam (1775 m) in the world is selected for the three dimensional (3D) analyses. 3D finite difference model of Ilısu dam is modelled using FLAC3D software based on the finite difference method. Two different special creep material models are considered in the numerical analyses. Wipp-creep viscoplastic material model and burger-creep viscoplastic material model were rarely used for the creep analyses of CFRDs in the last are taken into account for the concrete slab and rockfill materials-foundation, respectively. Moreover, interface elements are defined between the concrete slab-rockfill materials and rockfill materials-foundation to provide interaction condition for 3D model. Firstly, dam and foundation are collapsed under its self-weight and static behaviour of the dam is evaluated for the empty reservoir conditions. Then, reservoir water is modelled considering maximum water level of the dam and time-dependent creep analyses are performed for maximum reservoir condition. In this paper, maximum principal stresses, vertical-horizontal displacements and pore pressures that may occur on the dam body surface during 30 years (from 2017 to 2047) are evaluated in detail. According to numerical analyses, empty and maximum reservoir conditions of Ilısu dam are compared with each other in detail. 4 various nodal points are selected under the concrete slab to better seen viscoplastic behaviour changes of the dam and viscoplastic behaviour differences of these points during 30 years are graphically presented. It is clearly seen that horizontal-vertical displacements and principal stresses for maximum reservoir condition are more than the empty reservoir condition of the dam and significant pore pressures are observed during 30 years for maximum reservoir condition. In addition, horizontal-vertical displacements, principal stresses and pore pressures for 4 nodal points obviously increased until a certain time and changes decreased after this time.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 원자로 1400(APR 1400) 원자력 발전소(NPP)의 원자로 격납건물(RCB) 내진성능에 대해 상이한 수치모델과 지진 주파수 성분의 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 집중 질량 막대 모델(lumped-mass stick model, LMSM)과 3차원 유한요소모델(three-dimensional finite element model, 3D FEM)의 두 가지 수치 모델이 시간이력해석을 수행하기 위해 개발되었다. LMSM은 기존의 집중 질량 보-요소를 사용하여 SAP2000으로 구성하였으며, 3D FEM은 각기둥 입체-요소를 사용하여 ANSYS로 작성되었다. 저주파수 및 고주파수 성분을 고려한 두 그룹의 지진파를 시간이력해석에 적용하였다. 저주파수 지진파의 응답스펙트럼을 NRC 1.60의 설계 스펙트럼과 일치되도록 조정하여 작성하였으며, 고주파수 지진파는 10Hz ~ 100Hz의 고주파수 범위를 갖도록 생성하였다. RCB의 지진응답은 다양한 높이에서 층응답스펙트럼으로 검토하였다. 수치해석 결과, 저주파수 지진에 의한 구조물의 FRS 결과는 두 수치 모델에서 매우 유사한 결과를 보였다. 하지만, 고주파수 지진에 의한 LMSM의 FRS 결과는 고차 고유 주파수 영역에서 3D FEM과 큰 차이를 보였으며, RCB의 낮은 높이에서 명확한 차이를 보였다. 3D FEM이 정확한 구조물의 응답을 나타내는 것으로 가정한다면, RCB의 LMSM은 고주파수 지진에 의한 FRS 결과의 고차 고유 주파수 영역에서 일정 수준의 불일치성을 내포하고 있다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 먼저 완전 신전상태의 병변이 없는 26세 남자의 자기공명영상이미지를 기반으로 대퇴골, 경골, 관절연골, 반월상 연골의 정밀한 3차원 재구축을 실시하였다. 재구축된 무릎모델에 인대와 건을 생리학적으로 적합한 위치에 부착시켜 3차원 유한요소모델을 완성시켰다. 뼈, 관절연골, 반월상 연골은 균질성, 등방성 선형탄성거동을 보이는 것으로 고려하였으며, 인대와 건은 트러스 요소와 선형, 비선형 스프링 요소를 사용하여 모델링하였다. 제작된 무릎관절의 유한요소모델을 ABAQUS를 사용하여 비선형 접촉해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석결과로서 조직의 손상과 환자의 통증을 추정하기 위한 중요매개변수로 간주될 수 있는 관절연골과 반월상연골의 접촉압력과 von Mises 응력분포를 계산하였으며, 관절연골과 반월상 연골의 접촉압력과 von Mises 응력분포를 분석하여 무릎관절에 대한 파손평가를 실시하였다.