• Computers and Concrete
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.101-117
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• 2007

A new model predicting the nonlinear basic creep behaviour of concrete structures subjected to high multi-axial stresses is proposed. It combines a model based on the thermodynamic framework of the elasto-plastic continuum damage theory for time-independent material behaviour and a rheological model describing phenomenologically the long-term delayed deformation. Strength increase due to ageing is regarded. The general 3D solution for the creep theory is derived from a rate-type form of the uniaxial formulation by the assumption of associated creep flow and a theorem of energy equivalence. The model is able to reproduce linear primary creep as well as secondary and tertiary creep stages under high compressive stresses. For concrete in tension a simple viscoelastic formulation is applied. The material law is then incorporated into a finite element solution procedure for analysis of reinforced concrete structures. Numerical examples of uniaxial creep tests and concrete members show excellent agreement with experimental results.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.432-446
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• 1996

A stochastic Hamilton variational principle(SHVP) is formulated for dynamic problems of linear continuum. The SHVP allows incorporation of probabilistic distributions into the finite element analysis. The formulation is simplified by transformation of correlated random variables to a set of uncorrelated random variables through a standard eigenproblem. A procedure based on the Fourier analysis and synthesis is presented for eliminating secularities from the perturbation approach. In addition to, a method to analyse stochastic design sensitivity for structural dynamics is present. A combination of the adjoint variable approach and the second order perturbation method is used in the finite element codes. An alternative form of the constraint functional that holds for all times is introduced to consider the time response of dynamic sensitivity. The algorithms developed can readily be adapted to existing deterministic finite element codes. The numerical results for stochastic analysis by proceeding approach of cantilever, 2D-frame and 3D-frame illustrates in this paper.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 지반조건에 따른 실제 piled raft 기초의 거동을 실규모 시험을 통해 분석하기가 어려운 점을 감안하여 수치해석을 이용한 민감도분석을 수행하고자 하였다. 수치해석에 사용한 프로그램은 유한차분법 기반의 FLAC 3D이다. 말뚝의 수치해석 모델링은 FLAC의 구조요소 중 하나인 말뚝요소를 사용하여 모델링하였고, 지반과 래프트는 연속체 요소를 이용하여 모사하였다. 말뚝의 배열은 $3{\times}3$으로 고정하고 말뚝직경, 말뚝길이, 말뚝간격 그리고 지반조건을 민감도 매개변수로 선정하고 상관관계를 규명하였다. 그 결과, 말뚝직경이 크고 말뚝의 길이가 길수록, 그리고 말뚝의 간격이 넓을수록 piled raft 기초의 전체 지지력은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 지반조건에 따라 말뚝간격이 일정 간격 이상이 될 경우, piled raft 기초의 거동이 래프트만으로 지지되는 얕은기초와 유사한 거동을 보였다. 또한 지반조건이 좋아질수록, piled raft 기초의 전체 지지력은 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.623-649
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• 2016

Most of the early studies on plates vibration are focused on two-dimensional theories, these theories reduce the dimensions of problems from three to two by introducing some assumptions in mathematical modeling leading to simpler expressions and derivation of solutions. However, these simplifications inherently bring errors and therefore may lead to unreliable results for relatively thick plates. The main objective of this research paper is to present 3-D elasticity solution for free vibration analysis of continuously graded carbon nanotube-reinforced (CGCNTR) rectangular plates resting on two-parameter elastic foundations. The volume fractions of oriented, straight single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction. In this study, an equivalent continuum model based on the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka approach is employed to estimate the effective constitutive law of the elastic isotropic medium (matrix) with oriented, straight carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The proposed rectangular plates have two opposite edges simply supported, while all possible combinations of free, simply supported and clamped boundary conditions are applied to the other two edges. The formulations are based on the three-dimensional elasticity theory. A semi-analytical approach composed of differential quadrature method (DQM) and series solution is adopted to solve the equations of motion. The fast rate of convergence of the method is demonstrated and comparison studies are carried out to establish its very high accuracy and versatility. The 2-D differential quadrature method as an efficient and accurate numerical tool is used to discretize the governing equations and to implement the boundary conditions. The convergence of the method is demonstrated and to validate the results, comparisons are made between the present results and results reported by well-known references for special cases treated before, have confirmed accuracy and efficiency of the present approach. The novelty of the present work is to exploit Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka approach in order to reveal the impacts of the volume fractions of oriented CNTs, different CNTs distributions, various coefficients of foundation and different combinations of free, simply supported and clamped boundary conditions on the vibrational characteristics of CGCNTR rectangular plates. The new results can be used as benchmark solutions for future researches.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1627-1632
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• 2000

Recently, piezoelectric materials have attracted considerable attention because of its self-sensing and actuating properties. To model smart structures, numerical modeling of structures with piezoelectric devices is essential. As many factors affect the performance of smart structures, optimization of these parameters is necessary. In this paper, the shape design sensitivity analysis of the 3D piezoelectric and structural elements is developed and shape optimization is performed. For the evaluation of the sensitivity, the finite element method is used. For the shape sensitivity, the domain velocity field is calculated. An acoustic cavity model is presented as a numerical example to study the feasibility of the formulation. The continuum sensitivity is compared with the results of the finite difference method by ANSYS. And the sequential linear programming (SLP) algorithm is used as the optimization algorithm.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.625-630
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• 2000

Numerical and experimental investigations are peformed for the rarefied gas flows in pumping channels of a helical-type drag pump. Modern turbomolecular pumps include a drag stage in the discharge side, operating roughly in $10^{-2}{\sim}10Torr$. The flow occurring in the pumping channel develops from the molecular transition to slip flow traveling downstream. Two different numerical methods are used in this analysis: the first one is a continuum approach in solving the Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions, and the second one is a stochastic particle approach through the use of the direct simulation Monte Carlo(DSMC) method. The flow in a pumping channel is three-dimensional(3D), and the main difficulty in modeling a 3D case comes from the rotating frame of reference. Thus, trajectories of particles are no longer straight lines. In the Present DSMC method, trajectories of particles are calculated by integrating a system of differential equations including the Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Our study is the first instance to analyze the rarefied gas flows in rotating frame in the presence of noninertial effects.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2002년도 금형가공 심포지엄
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• pp.274-284
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• 2002

Deep drawing process for rectangular drawn section is different with that for axisymmetric circular one. Therefore deep drawing process for rectangular drawn section requires several intermediate steps to generate the final configuration without any significant defect. In this study, finite element analysis for multi-stage deep drawing process for high precision rectangular cases is carried out especially for an extreme aspect ratio. The analysis is performed using rigid-plastic finite element method with an explicit time integration scheme of the commercial program, LS-DYNA3D. The sheet blank is modeled using eight-node continuum brick elements. The results of analysis show that the irregular contact condition between blank and die affects the occurrence of failure, and the difference of aspect ratio in the drawn section leads to non-uniform metal flow, which may cause failure. A series of experiments for multi-stage deep drawing process for the rectangular cases are conducted, and the deformation configuration and the thickness distribution of the drawn rectangular cases are investigated by comparing with the results of the numerical analysis. The numerical analysis with an explicit time integration scheme shows good agreement with the experimental observation.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.351-356
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• 2000

Various transition elements are generally used for the effective analysis of a complicated mechanical structure. In this paper, a solid-to-beam transition finite element which connects a continuum element and a $c^1-continuity$ beam element each other is proposed. The shape functions of the transition finite elements, which a 8-noded hexahedral solid element fur 3D analysis and a 4-noded quadrilateral plane element fur 2D analysis are connected to a Euler's beam element, are explicitely formulated. In order to show the effectiveness and convergence characteristics of the proposed transition elements. numerical tests are performed for various examples and their results are compared with those obtained by other methods. As the result of this study. following conclusions are obtained: (1)The proposed transition finite elements show the monotonic convergence characteristics because of having used the compatible displacement folds. (2)As being used the transition element in the finite element analysis, the finite element modelings are more convenient and the analysis results are more accurate because of the formulation characteristies of the Euler's beam element.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2005

대단변 NATM터널에서 지반자체로 막장의 안정을 유지하기 위해 분할굴착공법을 사용한다. 분할굴착을 해야 한다면 더 나은 응력 상태를 유지할 수 있는 분할굴착공법을 강구해야할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 터널의 단면분할 굴착공법 중 CD굴착 (중벽분할굴착)공법에서 굴착순서에 따른 응력분포를 수치해석적인 방법을 이용하여 검토하고, 막장주변의 응력집중을 최소로 하는 최적의 막장 이격거리와 굴착순서를 도출하였다. 해석에 사용한 프로그램은 국내에서 상용화되고 있는 3차원 연속체 해석 프로그램인 FLAC-3D Ver 2.1을 사용하였고, 암반등급 3과 5에 대해 막장거리 2m, 4m, 6m, ${\cdots}$, 20m, 40m를 적용하여 안정성 검토를 행하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2016

건조토 지반에 근입된 지반-말뚝 시스템의 동적 거동을 정확히 예측하기 위해 3차원 수치 모델링을 수행하였다. 제안된 모델은 강진 시 지반의 비선형 거동을 적절하게 모사하기 위해 상용 유한 차분 프로그램인 FLAC3D를 이용하여 시간 영역에서 해석이 수행되었다. 모델링 방법론으로써 지반 구성 모델은 Mohr-Coulomb 탄소성 모델을 적용하였으며 지반 전단 탄성 계수의 비선형적인 감소를 모사할 수 있는 이력 감쇠 모델을 적용하였다. 진동 시 지반-말뚝 간의 완전 접촉, 미끄러짐, 분리 현상을 모두 모사하는 경계요소 모델을 적용하였으며 경계요소 모델을 구성하는 스프링 계수는 탄성이론에 기초하여 결정되어, 내장 함수인 FISH를 통해 깊이에 따라 연속적으로 입력되었다. 경계 조건의 경우, 지반-말뚝 상호작용의 영향을 받는 근역 지반만 메쉬를 생성하고 근역 지반의 경계부에 원역 지반의 가속도-시간 이력을 입력하는 방식인 단순화 연속체 모델링 기법(Kim et al., 2012)을 적용함으로써 해석 효율을 증가 시키고자 하였으며 적절한 최대지반탄성계수와 항복 깊이의 설정으로 지반의 비선형 거동을 더욱 정확히 모사하고자 하였다. 수치 해석의 오차를 최소화하고 모델의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해, Yoo(2013)이 수행한 원심모형시험 결과와 수치 해석 결과와의 비교를 통해 제안된 기법의 캘리브레이션을 수행하였으며, 말뚝 최대 휨 모멘트와 말뚝 횡방향 최대 변위의 깊이 별 분포가 다양한 입력 하중 조건에서 실험 결과를 적절히 모사하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 제안된 수치 모델의 적용성 평가를 위해 다른 실험 결과와의 비교 검증을 수행하였다.