• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제29회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

스크램제트의 연소실 내부로 유입되는 공기의 속도는 초음속으로 체류 시간은 수 ms로 매우 짧다. 이 짧은 시간 안에 연료분사, 공기-연료 혼합, 연소과정이 모두 이루어져야 한다. 공기와 연료의 혼합을 증대하는 방법은 여러 가지가 제시되었다. 이중 자유류 마하수 2.5의 단일 수직 분사 방법에서의 Cavity를 이용한 혼합 특성올 알아보기 위해 수치해석을 수행하였다. 사용된 코드는 동일조건의 실험결과와 비교하여 검증하였고 이를 통해 Cavity의 크기에 의한 혼합증대를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2014

EV(Electric Vehicle) has many benefits such as prevention of global warming and so on. But due to driving source changing from combustion engine to battery and e-motor, new R&D difficulties have arisen which changing of desired vehicle performance and multidisciplinary design constraints by means of strong coupled multi-physics domain problems. Additionally, dynamics performances of EV becomes more important due to increasing customer's demands and expectations for EV in compare with internal combustion engine vehicle. In this paper suggests model based development platform of EV through integrated simulation environment for improving analyse & design accuracy in order to solve multi-physics problem. This simulation environment is integrated by three following specialized simulation tools IPG CarMaker, AVL Cruise, DYMOLA that adapted to each purpose. Furthermore, control algorithm of TV(Torque Vectoring) system is developed using independent driven e-motor at rear wheels for improving handling performance of EV. TV control algorithm and its improved vehicle performances are evaluated by numerical simulation from standard test methods.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2006

Ambient TSP at four sites in Korea and soil samples from the source regions of Asian Dust in northern China were collected and analyzed for 15 metal components and 6 water-soluble ions to conduct a chemical mass balance (CMB). CMB receptor model was used to estimate the source contribution of TSP during the Asian Dust period, and the model results showed that China soil was the largest source contributor, accounting for 81% of TSP ($458.2{\mu}g/m^3$). Vehicle emission and geological sources contributed to about 8.8% and 4.4% of aerosol mass, followed by sea salt (1.5%) and secondary aerosol (2.9%). Fuel combustion and industrial process sources were found to be relatively minor contributors to TSP (${\leq}1%$). In addition to source contribution estimates, this study tried to identify the origin of Asian Dust observed in Korea. Among all 13 China soil profiles presented in this study, the most adoptable profile which can project the case well was selected and considered as the origin of the applied case.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.687-696
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• 2007

To increase the reliability of auto-ignition in CAI engines, the thermodynamic properties of intake flow is often controlled using recycled exhaust gases, called internal EGR. Because of the internal EGR influence on the overall thermodynamic properties and mixing quality of the gases that affect the subsequent combustion behavior, optimizing the intake and exhaust valve timing for the EGR is important to achieve the reliable auto-ignition and high thermal efficiency. In the present study, fully 3D numerical simulations were carried out to predict the mixing characteristics and flow field inside the cylinder as a function of valve timing. The 3D unsteady Eulerian-Lagrangian two-phase model was used to account for the interaction between the intake air and remaining internal EGR during the under-lap operation while varying three major parameters: the intake valve(IV) and exhaust valve(EV) timings and intake valve lift(IVL). Computational results showed that the largest EVC retardation, as in A6, yielded the optimal mixing of both EGR and fuel. The IV timing had little effect on the mixing quality. However, the IV timing variation caused backflow from the cylinder to the intake port. With respect to reduction of heat loss due to backflow, the case in B6 was considered to present the optimal operating condition. With the variation of the intake valve lift, the A1 case yielded the minimum amount of backflow. The best mixing was delivered when the lift height was at a minimum of 2 mm.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.297-308
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• 2017

One of the major engine thermal management system(TMS) strategies for improving fuel economy is to operate the engine in high temperatures. Therefore, this work performed a numerical and experimental study to examine the effect of several different STOs(Starting Temperature of Opening) of wax-thermostat, ranging from $85^{\circ}C$ to $105^{\circ}C$, of gasoline engine on fuel economy and emission characteristics. In this study, a gasoline car equipped with waxthermostat was tested and simulated under FTP-75 and HWFET mode. CRUISE $M^{TM}$ was used to simulate vehicle dynamics, transient engine performance and TMS. The test results showed fuel savings for both drive cycles due to higher STO of $100^{\circ}C$, which is slightly worse than that of $90^{\circ}C$ and amounts between 0.34 and 0.475 %. These controversial results are attributed to experimental errors and uncertainty. The computational results for three STOs, $85^{\circ}C$, $95^{\circ}C$ and $105^{\circ}C$, showed that fuel savings attributed to the application of higher STOs of $95^{\circ}C$ and $105^{\circ}C$ are relatively small and range from 0.306 to 0.363 %. It is also found that the amount of HC and CO emissions from the tailpipe tends to decrease with higher engine coolant temperature because of faster catalyst light-off and improved combustion.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

릴리프시스템은 공정 내에 과압 방지하여 공정의 안전성을 높여주는 역할을 한다. 릴리프 시스템에서 방출되는 폐가스로 인한 폭발, 복사열, 독성가스 확산을 막기 위하여 플레어스택을 설치한다. 플레어스택에서는 공정의 안전성 향상을 위하여 안전한 연소가 가장 중요한 요소이며, 안전한 연소를 위하여 방출되는 가스량과 속도 제어는 API 521 code의 기술기준을 따르며, 플레어스택에서 발생하는 화염의 형상은 방출되는 가스의 압력과 질량유속에 의하여 jet fire의 형상을 하고 있다. 이는 화염의 형상은 완전 연소와 열 방출에 영향을 미치는 요소로 이 논문에서는 화염의 형상을 분석하였다. 화염의 길이는 API code와 jet fire 모델이 유사한 값을 보였으며, 화염은 지면에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제36회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1-2
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• 2011

Hybrid rockets have lately attracted attention as a strong candidate of small, low cost, safe and reliable launch vehicles. A significant topic is that the first commercially sponsored space ship, SpaceShipOne vehicle chose a hybrid rocket. The main factors for the choice were safety of operation, system cost, quick turnaround, and thrust termination. In Japan, five universities including Hokkaido University and three private companies organized "Hybrid Rocket Research Group" from 1998 to 2002. Their main purpose was to downsize the cost and scale of rocket experiments. In 2002, UNISEC (University Space Engineering Consortium) and HASTIC (Hokkaido Aerospace Science and Technology Incubation Center) took over the educational and R&D rocket activities respectively and the research group dissolved. In 2008, JAXA/ISAS and eleven universities formed "Hybrid Rocket Research Working Group" as a subcommittee of the Steering Committee for Space Engineering in ISAS. Their goal is to demonstrate technical feasibility of lowcost and high frequency launches of nano/micro satellites into sun-synchronous orbits. Hybrid rockets use a combination of solid and liquid propellants. Usually the fuel is in a solid phase. A serious problem of hybrid rockets is the low regression rate of the solid fuel. In single port hybrids the low regression rate below 1 mm/s causes large L/D exceeding a hundred and small fuel loading ratio falling below 0.3. Multi-port hybrids are a typical solution to solve this problem. However, this solution is not the mainstream in Japan. Another approach is to use high regression rate fuels. For example, a fuel regression rate of 4 mm/s decreases L/D to around 10 and increases the loading ratio to around 0.75. Liquefying fuels such as paraffins are strong candidates for high regression fuels and subject of active research in Japan too. Nakagawa et al. in Tokai University employed EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) to modify viscosity of paraffin based fuels and investigated the effect of viscosity on regression rates. Wada et al. in Akita University employed LTP (Low melting ThermoPlastic) as another candidate of liquefying fuels and demonstrated high regression rates comparable to paraffin fuels. Hori et al. in JAXA/ISAS employed glycidylazide-poly(ethylene glycol) (GAP-PEG) copolymers as high regression rate fuels and modified the combustion characteristics by changing the PEG mixing ratio. Regression rate improvement by changing internal ballistics is another stream of research. The author proposed a new fuel configuration named "CAMUI" in 1998. CAMUI comes from an abbreviation of "cascaded multistage impinging-jet" meaning the distinctive flow field. A CAMUI type fuel grain consists of several cylindrical fuel blocks with two ports in axial direction. The port alignment shifts 90 degrees with each other to make jets out of ports impinge on the upstream end face of the downstream fuel block, resulting in intense heat transfer to the fuel. Yuasa et al. in Tokyo Metropolitan University employed swirling injection method and improved regression rates more than three times higher. However, regression rate distribution along the axis is not uniform due to the decay of the swirl strength. Aso et al. in Kyushu University employed multi-swirl injection to solve this problem. Combinations of swirling injection and paraffin based fuel have been tried and some results show very high regression rates exceeding ten times of conventional one. High fuel regression rates by new fuel, new internal ballistics, or combination of them require faster fuel-oxidizer mixing to maintain combustion efficiency. Nakagawa et al. succeeded to improve combustion efficiency of a paraffin-based fuel from 77% to 96% by a baffle plate. Another effective approach some researchers are trying is to use an aft-chamber to increase residence time. Better understanding of the new flow fields is necessary to reveal basic mechanisms of regression enhancement. Yuasa et al. visualized the combustion field in a swirling injection type motor. Nakagawa et al. observed boundary layer combustion of wax-based fuels. To understand detailed flow structures in swirling flow type hybrids, Sawada et al. (Tohoku Univ.), Teramoto et al. (Univ. of Tokyo), Shimada et al. (ISAS), and Tsuboi et al. (Kyushu Inst. Tech.) are trying to simulate the flow field numerically. Main challenges are turbulent reaction, stiffness due to low Mach number flow, fuel regression model, and other non-steady phenomena. Oshima et al. in Hokkaido University simulated CAMUI type flow fields and discussed correspondence relation between regression distribution of a burning surface and the vortex structure over the surface.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2023

As electric vehicles (EV) have increasingly replaced the conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE), most of automotive makers are actively devoting to the technology development of EV parts. Accordingly, the manufacturing process for power source has been also shifting from engine/transmission to EV motor/reducer system. However, lack of experience in developing the EV motor still remains as a technical challenge. In this paper, we employed the forming simulation based on finite element modeling to solve this problem. In particular, in order to increase the accuracy of the forming simulation, we introduced the elastic-plastic constitutive model parameters for polymer-copper hybrid wire by investigating the individual strain-stress curves, and elastic modulus of polymer and copper. Then, the reliability of modeling procedure was confirmed by comparing the simulated results with experiments. Finally, the identified mechanical properties and finite element modeling were applied to a hairpin forming process, which involves multiple deformation paths such as bending, pressing, widening, and twisting. The proposed numerical approach can replace common experience or experiment based trials by reducing production time and cost in the future.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2017년도 제48회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.383-387
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• 2017

비대칭 3차원 핀틀 노즐 형상에서 연소실과 핀틀 노즐의 연결관 각도와 핀틀 위치가 성능계수에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 3차원 수치해석을 수행하였다. 초음속 노즐을 통해 배출되는 유동 특성을 정확히 예측하기 위하여 $k-{\omega}$ SST의 압축성 보정 난류모델을 적용하였다. 비대칭 3차원 형상에 의한 복잡한 유동 구조로 인하여 나선형 형태의 유선과 유동 박리가 관찰되었으며, 이로 인하여 유동의 전압력 손실이 크게 발생되었다. 유입관의 각도가 감소할수록 성능계수가 증가하였으며, 핀틀의 위치에 따른 유동구조가 크게 변화되기 때문에 이에 대한 성능 특성을 분석하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.562-570
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• 1995

근래의 ABB/CE형 가압경수로들은, 정상운전 및 예상운전과도상태 중에 허용핵연료설계제한치가 위배되는 것을 방지하기 위하여, 노심 운전상태를 감시하는 디지탈노심감시계통, COLSS(Core Oper-ating Limit Supervisory System)를 보유하고있다. COLSS의 주요 기능 중 하나는. 측정되는 운전조건에 대한 최소 핵비등이탈률을 계산하여, 핵비등이탈에 대한 과출력여유도를 감시하는 것이다. COL-SS에서 최소 핵비등이탈률을 계산하는데 사용되는 CETOP-D 모델은 상세부수로분석코드인 TORC 모델에 대해 보수적으로 벤치마킹되며, 보정상수로서 고온집 합체의 입구유량인자를 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CETOP-D 입구유량인자를 가장 제한적인 운전조건에서 보수적인 단일 값으로 결정하는 ABB/CE 방법을 배제하고, 운전조건에 따른 CETOP-D 입구유량인자 변화를 상관식형태로 결정하는 “CETOP-D 입구유량인자 최적화기법”을 개발하였다. 개발된 방법을 영광 3,4호기 초기노심의 노심운전영역에 적용한 결과, 기존의 ABB/CE 방법에 비하여 정상운전영역에서 핵비등이탈에 대한 과출력여유도가 2% 가량 증가하였다.