• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.646-651
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• 1995

The correlation between the bitter taste and the surface tension was found for bitter tasting, aqueous solutions. By the Szyszkowski's equation, the surface tension (STR) and taste curves (JND) were derived more clearly using the Techplot program. The specific capillary activity (log b values) for bitter tasting solutions are negatively correlated to the recognition threshold. It was shown that a more bitter substances has greater capillary activity. The correlation between the recognition threshold $(log\;C_{1})$ and the substance specific constant (a and b values) of sensory (JND) and surface tension values indicates good agreement. This means that the model of surface area adsorption in the solution/air system can apply also for the sensory model microvillus membrane in the mouth.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.396-396
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• 2000

Three-Dimensional FDTD method is applied to analyze the dielectric resonator coupled with two microstrip lines. We model accurately the curved surface using Noriaki model. The frequency resolution is 106.46 MHz by the conventional FFT However it is not sufficient for determining its resonant frequency. So we introduce the Pad approximation and Stoer-Bulirsch method in order to have the high frequency resolution degree, 1.00 MHz. All results are compared with the measured data. As a result, we acquire the very precise result through the Pad approximation. And sinusoidal wave is applied. From the plot of the electric and magnetic field distribution, it is shown that the resonant mode is $TE_{01{\delta}}$ mode.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.36-43
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• 2000

Three-Dimensional FDTD method is applied to analyze the dielectric resonator coupled with two microstrip lines. We model accurately the curved surface using Noriaki model. The frequency resolution is 106.46 MHz by the conventional FFT However it is not sufficient for determining its resonant frequency. So we introduce the Pad approximation and Stoer-Bulirsch method in order to have the high frequency resolution degree, 1.00 MHz. All results are compared with the measured data. As a result, we acquire the very precise result through the Pad approximation. And sinusoidal wave is applied. From the plot of the electric and magnetic field distribution, it is shown that the resonant mode is TE$_{01{\delta}}$ mode.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.09a
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• pp.144-155
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• 1995

본 연구는 기술에 대한 대용개념으로 사용되고 있는 연구개발투자의 효과가 산업의 생산성 향상에 얼마만큼 기여하고 있는가에 관한 실증연구로, 그 효 과를 자체 연구개발효과와 파급효과로 나누어 측정하는 데 목적이 있다. 파 급효과의 경우, 중간재의 거래를 통한 체화된 파급효과와 산업간의 기술거리 로 인한 비체화된 파급효과로 나누어 한국 제조산업을 18개로 분류한 후 각 산업의 연구개발스톡을 측정하였으며, 연구개발투자의 체화된 파급효과 측정 을 위하여 산업 연관표를 이용하여 가중치를 계산하였다. 그리고, 비체화된 파급효과 측정을 위하여는 각 산업에서 고용하고 있는 전공별 연구원 수의 자료를 이용 기술거리를 구하였다. 본 연구에서는 각각의 가중치로 구한 연 구개발스톡, 체화된 연구개발 스톡, 그리고 비체화된 연구개발 스톡을 이용 하여 각 독립변수들에 대한 한계생산성을 구하였으며, 분석 방법으로는 단순 회귀분석과 함께 시계열의 효과와 산업간 효과를 고려하는 패널데이터 분석 을 시도하였다. 체화된 파급효과와 비체화된 파급효과 중 하나만을 변수로 포함하는 경우에는 추정치가 유의한 결과를 나타내고 있지만, 두 가지의 변 수를 모두 포함하는 경우에는 보호도 일정하지 않으며 비유의적인 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 다중공선성에 의한 것으로 보인다. 두 가지 파급효과 에 대한 한계생산성 추정치는 기술과 연구개발투자가 외부성을 가지고 있으 며, 기술과 관련된 변수의 도입이 필요함을 시사한다. 또한 이러한 파급효과 의 추정치는 거시차원에서 연구개발 지원의 정당성에 대한 근거를 제시하고 있으며, 기술혁신을 위한 투자의 타당성을 실증적으로 보여주고 있다.사하였다. 이 사례 연구들의 결과는 각 계열사들의 상황에 따라 제시된 외주위탁 전략과 현재의 외주위 탁 전략이 일치할 때 정보 시스템에 대한 사용자 만족도가 보다 높은 것으 로 나타났다. 할 수 있는 효율적인 distributed system를 개발하는 것을 제시하였다. 본 논문은 데이타베이스론의 입장에서 아직 정립되어 있지 않은 분산 환경하에서의 관계형 데이타베이스의 데이타관리의 분류체계를 나름대로 정립하였다는데 그 의의가 있다. 또한 이것의 응용은 현재 분산데이타베이스 구축에 있어 나타나는 기술적인 문제점들을 어느정도 보완할 수 있다는 점에서 그 중요성이 있다.ence of a small(IxEpc),hot(Tex> SOK) core which contains two tempegatlue peaks at -15" east and north of MDS. The column density of HCaN is (1-3):n1014cm-2. Column density at distant position from MD5 is larger than that in the (:entral region. We have deduced that this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2004

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the height and width of the pedicle of the upper and lower levels on the concave and the convex sides. In addition, we checked for the appropriate pedicle screw size which could be screwed in without complications. Materials and Methods: Taking a simple AP radiography in a standing position, 99 vertebrae on the major curve with the possibility of 3-D reconstruction were analyzed after checking the CT in a supine position of 22 idiopathic scoliosis. We measured Cobb's angle from a simple radiograph, and measured the size of the isthmus by the Inner Space 3-D Editor after 3-D reconstruction with the Inner Space 3-D program in the DICOM file transformed from CT image. We then analyzed the size of pedicles of the upper and lower levels on the concave and the convex sides by measuring the height and width of the pedicle. Results: All pedicles on the concave side were smaller than those on the convex side. Their size increased as the measurement moved from the upper to lower vertebra, except for the upper thoracic vertebra. When the width of the pedicle through 3-D reconstruction was compared with the narrowest width of the pedicle measured by using CT, the width of the pedicles through 3-D reconstruction was statistically smaller (P<0.01). Most of the pedicles were tear-drop or kidney shaped rather than cylindrical. Conclusion: These results suggest that the use of the coronal plane through 3-D reconstruction would be necessary for an accurate measurement of the size of the pedicle. It is important to pay careful attention to the screw size and the screwing method considering the pedicle shape through 3-D reconstruction.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.237-274
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• 1995

This study was focused on the improvement of the measurement technique of P-wave velocity for the assesment of the anisotropy of the engineering property of rock. Samples used were collected from a working quarry within the Carnmenellis granite area on which series of engineering geological data have been accumulated. This study mainly concerned the development of measurement technique at the curved surface of rock, the use of natural honey-based coupling agent and the drying method for rock specimen over $P_2O_5$. According to the results, the range of the P-wave velocity anisotropy in two dimensional plane, fell between 0 and 4.68 (%). The direction where maximum velocity occurred was parallel to the orientation of the maximum in-situ stress. The result showed that P - wave velocity is a useful measure to asses the anisotropy of the engineering property of rock and it is suggested that the improvements adopted here can be applied to the experimental work on the rocks in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.131-154
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• 2015

Users tend to perceive differently the service quality of library depending on the advance of digital information technologies. It is necessary to analyze the cumulative results of LibQUAL+ in order to identify the suggestions for improvement of library services. This study aims to comparatively analyze the results of LibQUAL+ and demonstrate the trends and changes for the services of university library. To achieve the purpose of this study, two university libraries were selected for analysis. The library of McGill University in Canada was selected with the six years' results of LibQUAL+. Another library located in Seoul was selected with the 2012 result of LibQUAL+ and a new LibQUAL+ in 20015 was conducted for this study. The results were analyzed with three dimensions and 22 items in terms of circular chart, bar chart, and graph. Findings of this study indicated that there were substantial differences in terms of years of LibQUAL+ survey and user groups with undergraduate/graduate students in three dimensions. In particular, the results of A library showed that users were likely to expect more from the university library, but they perceived low service quality. In addition, there was found considerable differences among users groups in terms of undergraduate and graduate students. The improvements for library services need to focus on three dimensions such as staff, resources, and facilities as well as customized services for individual user groups.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.296-303
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to visualize radio wave environment based on the measured Received Signal Strength Indication( RSSI) and 3D geographic information. We estimate the source position using the circumcenter of the triangle and visualize the radio wave environment using the empirical propagation models. A mode seeking algorithm(mean-shift clustering) is used to seek the peak points and the center of gravity is utilized to reduce the estimation errors. Our approach finds its applications in the radio wave monitoring systems for the efficient utilization of radio resources.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.165-174
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• 2005

고압전류가 흐르는 송전탑이 주거 밀집지역 인근에 설치되거나 송전탑과 가까운 곳에 아파트가 건설되면서 주민들이 한전을 상대로 손해배상 청구소송을 추진하는 등 전자파 피해에 따른 민원이 끊이지 않고 있다. 이와 같은 문제에 대해 해결책을 제시하기 위해서는 송전선 주변 전자파의 실체에 대해 과학적이고 객관적인 조사를 거쳐 국민에게 납득할 수 있는 대안을 제시하는 것이 선행되어야할 작업이다. 그러나 현재 전자파 데이터는 조사 지점만의 단편적인 측정치를 보여주는 수준에 머물러 있어 전자파 확산 등 광역적인 분포 추이에 대한 시각적인 정보를 입수하는 데 상당한 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 GIS기반의 공간 모델링 기법을 활용하여 거리와 전류를 토대로 분포되는 송전선 주변의 전자파 시뮬레이션 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 이와 같은 문제에 대해 대안을 제시하고자, 지역주민이 일상생활에서 접하고 있는 지역의 지도(건물, 도로망 등)를 전자파 유동에 관한 이론에 의거하여 3차원 상에서 전자파 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 전자파 시뮬레이션 결과를 검증하기 위해 사용한 실측 데이터는 인천광역시 서구 가정2동에 위치한 봉수 초등학교의 학생들에게 전자파 측정장비를 부착하도록 하여 확보하였다 송전선에서 전자파 방출에 개입하는 거리와 전류의 세기에 의거하여 전자파의 분포를 예측하였으며 실측 데이터와 이론적인 데이터를 비교하여 상관성을 평가했다. 통상 전자파 조사과정은 지도에 표기된 조사지점을 일일이 확인하는 등 모든 측정 작업을 수작업에 의존하고 있다. 따라서 DB구축에 시간이 많이 소요되고 정확도도 많이 떨어질 수밖에 없어 다양한 조건으로 방대한 자료를 공간상에서 검색하는 것 자체가 불가능하였다. 전자파의 분포를 그래픽정보로 가공하여 광역적인 전자파 변화 추이를 풍부한 시각 정보로 디스플레이 하는 것도 어려웠다. 또한 수작업으로 인한 실수도 많이 발생하고 그에 따른 교정 작업도 복잡하였다. 본 연구에서는 송전선에서 방출되어지는 전자파의 이론적인 데이터와 실측 데이터의 상관성에 따른 분석 결과를 가지고 실측 데이터 없이 GIS 기반의 3D 시뮬레이션에 의거하여 전자파의 공간적인 가시화를 수행할 수 있었다. 본 전자파 시뮬레이션 기법이 실무에 이용될 경우, 일반인이 전자파의 분포에 대한 전문지식을 습득할 필요 없이, 검색하고자 하는 지역과 송전선, 전철 등 각종 전자파의 발생 공간 객체를 선택하여 실생활과 관련된 전자파 정보에 예측할 수 있어, 대민 환경정보 서비스 질의 개선측면에서 획기적인 계기를 마련할 것으로 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.112-120
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• 2005

This study was done to evaluate whether there were any differences in microleakage of class V composite restorations according to restoration site and cavity size. Total sixty-four restorations were made in molar teeth using Esthet-X. Small ($2\;{\times}\;2\;{\times}\;1.5\;mm$) and large ($4{\times}2{\times}1.5\;mm$) restorations were made at the buccal/lingual surface and the proximal surface each. After 1,000 times of thermocycling ($5^{\circ}\;-\;55^{\circ}C$), resin replica was made and the percentage of marginal gap to the whole periphery of the restoration was estimated from SEM evaluation. Thermocycled tooth was dye penetrated with $50\%$ silver nitrate solution. After imbedding in an auto-curing resin, it was serially ground with a thickness of 0.25 mm. Volumetric microleakage was estimated after reconstructing three dimensionally. Two-way ANOVA and independent T-test for dye volume, Mann-Whitney U test for the percentage of marginal gap, Spearman's rho test for the relationship between two techniques were used, The results were as follows : 1. The site and size of the restoration affected on the microleakage of restoration. Namely, much more leakage was seen in the proximal and the large restorations rather than the buccal/lingual and the small restorations. 2. Close relationship was found between two techniques (Correlation coefficient = 0.614/ P = 0.000). Within the limits of this study, it was noted that proximal and the large restorations leaked more than buccal/lingual and the small restorations. Therefore, it should be strictly recommended large exposure of margins should be avoided by reducing unnecessary tooth reduction.