• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 1970

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.33 no.10 s.317
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• pp.745-752
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• 1995

• 대한치과교정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.101.3-102
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• 2003

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.26 no.6 s.229
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• pp.563-570
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• 1988

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.36 no.4 s.347
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• pp.252-255
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• 1998

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 2001

Background: When we make treatment plan of class III malocclusion children, it is difficult to determine whether we treat it with orthognathic surgery or without orthognathic surgery. To determine that, we must consider many factors, such as cephalometric analysis, growth pattern, family history, and skeletal age. A Harvold cephalometric analysis is useful in determining the amount of discrepancy by comparing the maxillary unit length with mandibular, unit length. We tried this study to help the decision of treatment planning in class ill malocclusion children by comparison in class III malocclusion and normal occlusion children using a Harvold analysis. Materials and Methods: The materials for this study consisted of 20 class III malocclusion children. Cephalometric tracing and measurements were performed by one investigator. The control group consisted of 18 normal occlusion children and lateral cephalograms were obtained from 8.5 to 14.5 years old children biannually. The relationships between class III malocclusion group and normal occlusion group were evaluated statistically. Results: The lower anterior facial heights between two groups were not significantly different, although the lower anterior facial heights of class III malocclusion group was higher than those of normal occlusion group in all age groups. The Maxillary-mandibular unit length differences of class III malocclusion group were significantly higher than those of normal occlusion group(p<0.05). Conclusion: A Harvold analysis was useful to make treatment planning for class III malocclusion children.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.1 s.84
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• pp.39-50
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• 2001

In proceeding with orthodontic treatment, the prediction for the shape, growth rate and growth direction of mandible plays a major role to set up the treatment plan and determine its period and prognosis. Various approaches being made so far have shown that the linear and angular measurement using lateral cephalograms are relatively accurate to estimate them. This study was purposed to find the shape of mandible more clearly by preventing the overlap of the Condyle head area which appears in lateral cephalogram, and to estimate its growth rate by comparing the growth quantity and ratio via lateral area measurement. This experimental was performed against 40 patients total, of which Class I of 14, Class II of 9 and Class III of 17 consist. Wide open lateral cephalograms of 40 patients were taken over average period of 4 Year 3 Months, then the linear and angular measurements were carried out with 11 itemized lists. Autocad Rl4 application program was utilized to draw their appearance, measure and compare their lateral area. As a result of study, conclusions were made as follows; 1. Mandibular body length (gonion-menton) tended to increase in order of CIII, CI and CII, and Mandibular body length of CIII group had a tendency to grow twice faster than that of CII group. 2. In lateral items such as Go-Me, A-Cd, B-Cp, E-F and G-H, CIII showed a significant increase on the year-average quantity and rate of the growth, and especially apparent difference was observed in CIII group rather than CII group. 3. For the 4 Year 3 Months period, the year-average growth quantity of lateral area of the mandible was $1.0cm^2$ for Class I, $0.8cm^2$ for Class II and $1.4cm^2$ for Class III, which corresponds to $11.9\%,\;11.8\%\;and\;20.3\%$ of growth ratio respectively. Thus, growth ratio almost 2 times more than other groups was observed in group CIII while growth ratio between group CI and CII has little difference. 4. Considering the results as above, it can be proposed that the difference in size of the mandible between groups is caused by the difference in the growth rate and growth quantity of the mandible, which generated in the middle of growth, rather than the difference in size of congenital Jaw-bone.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.27 no.12 s.247
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• pp.1129-1142
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• 1989

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.2 s.55
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• pp.205-218
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• 1996

A given facial type can be considered as a syndrome in which various features are aggregated, so a single parameter is not sufficient to accurately identify a given facial type. This study was designed to identify & characterize the skeletal types that blend under the headline-'Cl III,deepbite'. Cephalograms of thirty-four untreated mixed dentition patients, selected mainly on the basis of clinical impression of Cl III with reduced lower face heights were studied. The following conclusion can be drawn. 1. Cl III malocclusion with reduced lower face height could be classified into three types. 2. Subtype 1 was identified by the following features : strong ramus, more anteriorly positioned upper molars without alveolar hypoplasia, acutely reduced Mn. plane angle. 3. Subtype 2 was characterized by a short ramus, sharply reduced postrior alveolar height, and normal Mn. plane angle. In general, this type had hypoplasia tendency in the vertical dimension. 4. In subtype 3, the AUFH occupying more percentage than ALFH was a outstanding feature. Ramal height was in normal range, alveolar hypoplasia and slightly reduced Mn. plane angle was observed. 5. The features of the subtypes were reflected in certain indices, which can be regarded as discriminative index. LAFH: if reduced, regardless of subtypes, indicates reduced lower ant. face height consistently. FHR: when this ratio is increased, it indicates subtype 1. FHI: when this ratio is in normal range, it indicates subtype 2. FPI: if reduced greatly, it indicates subtype 3.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2023

When the patient with class III malocclusion needs extensive oral rehabilitation due to multiple missing teeth, accurate diagnosis, and careful analysis, such as the patient's occlusal relationship, facial changes, and evaluation of the temporomandibular joint are essential. Orthognathic surgery is often performed for aesthetic improvement, depending on the patient's chief complaint. If it is not possible due to certain circumstances, partial aesthetic improvement can be achieved through minimal elevation of the vertical dimension. As this patient may have unexpected issues, such as temporomandibular joint disorder, oral habits like bruxism, and masticatory muscle tension, it was determined whether the patient could adjust to a reversible temporary removable partial denture. After this, the maxillary implant-supported fixed prostheses and the mandibular fixed prostheses were used to achieve stable posterior support and to partially improve the maxillary anterior esthetics. The patient was satisfied with the results both aesthetically and functionally. The prognosis is expected to be good if regular check-ups are conducted.