• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.258-262
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• 2016

The effect of zirconium dioxide ($ZrO_2$) on the properties of color conversion glasses was examined in the $BaO-ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$ system. The difference in refractive index between glass and phosphor affect the optical properties of the color conversion glass because of light scattering. Reducing the difference in refractive index is a method to improve the luminous efficacy of color conversion glasses. As a reference, a type of glass that contains 25 mol% of each component was used. To increase the refractive index of the glass samples, the BaO content was increased from 25 to 40 mol%, and $ZrO_2$ was added at levels of 1, 3, and 5 mol%. Color conversion glasses were prepared by sintering a mixture of glass and 5 wt% $YAG:Ce^{3+}$ phosphor. As a result, the refractive index of the glass was found to be dependent on the BaO and $ZrO_2$ contents in the BaO-ZnO-$B_2O_3-SiO_2$ system. As the BaO and $ZrO_2$ contents were increased, the luminous efficacy of the color conversion glass was improved because the refractive index difference between the glass and the $YAG:Ce^{3+}$ phosphor decreased.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 1977

Many in nursing look back on Nursing Research history and proudly point to the fact that emphasis in nursing research has changed from studying the nurse to studying nursing practice. In recent years, much emphasis has been placed on seeking a method of evaluating the quality of nursing care. In spite of these attempts, however, an instrument for evaluating the quality of nursing care that is actually applicable in the clinical area has not been found. The Purposes of this study are as follows: 1) To develop the instrument to be used in evaluating the quality of nursing care provided in the Neuro - Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital 2) To evaluate the quality of nursing care in the clinical area. 3) To provide the necessary information for improvement of quality of nursing care. The instrument for evaluating the quality of nursing care, developed by the investigator, was composed of 7 nursing goals and divided into 65 standards of nursing performance. The 7 nursing goal are as follows : 1) Maintenance of airway 2) Maintenance of fluid at electrolyte balance 3) Maintenance of elimination 4) Personal hygiene 5) Optimum activity 6) Prevention of accidents 7) Emotional care The study population defined was composed of all the case (51) who were admitted in the Neuro- Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital from May 7-13, 1976. The observation method was used and the data was subjected to the %, X²-test, T-test, F-test and Correlation. The results of tile study were as follows : 1. Levels of nursing performance regarding nursing goals. Seven different nursing care indices were constructed in terms of nursing goals. The index scores were grouped arbitrarily into ,j categories such as "excellent", "good", "moderate", "incomplete", and "poor"based upon the investigator′s personal judgement. a. The nursing index of maintaining airway showed that 78% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 22% of the patients, fell within the "good" category. b. The nursing index of maintaining fluid & electrolyte balance showed that 95% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 5 % of the patients fell within the "good" category. c. The nursing index of maintaining elimination showed that 100% of the patients fell within the "excellent" category. d. The nursing index of personal hygiene revealed that 49% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 51% of the patients fell within the "good" category. e. The nursing index of optimum activity showed that 63% of the patients fell within the "excellent" and 32% of the patients fell within tile "good" and 5% of patients fell within the "moderate" category. f. The nursing index of prevention of accidents showed that 100% of the patients foil within the "excellent" category. g. The nursing index of emotional cart revealed that 27% of the patients fell within the "excellent", 24 % of the patients fell within tile "good", 29 % of the patients fell within the "incomplete" category. From these findings it is disclosed that the quality of nursing care provided in the Neuro- Surgery Constant Care Unit of Severance Hospital was excellent. h. There were statistically significant differences between the nursing index of physical care and emotional care. (t=8.73, D. F. =100. p<0.01) It is revealed that more physical care then emotional care was carried out by nurses. 2. Levels of nursing performance regarding general characteristics of the patients. No significant differences were observed statistically with the nursing indices of nursing goals according to the sex (t=0.084, D. F. =12, p>0.05). Age (F=0.1251, D. F. : 3.18. p 〉0.05), absence or presence of operating experiences (t=0.6032, D. F. =12, p〉0.05, levels of consciousness (F=0.31, D. F. :3. 18, p >0.05) 3. Relationship between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of each nursing goal. There was negative correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of maintaining airway (r=-0. 5449, p<0.01) and personal hygiene (r= -0.4075, p<0.01) There was positive correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of optimum activity (r=0.3936, p <0.01) and emotional care (r=0.7819, p〈0.01). There was slight correlation between the levels of consciousness and the nursing index of maintaining fluid & electrolyte balance (r=-0.3418, 0.010.05) and preventing accidents (r=0.1441, p>0.05.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.16 no.8 s.111
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• pp.619-624
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• 1978

The use of mouth-rinses containing sodium fluoride after tooth brushing has been proposed as a potentially useful measure for the prevention of dental caries in the practice of public health. About 700 middle school girls rinsed their mouths in the school once a week with sodium fluoride sodution after tooth-brushing. Tooth brushing was practiced everyday after meals and the rinses were carried out under the supervision of the teachers. The procedure consisted of gargling 10cc of fluoride solution for one minute and immediately followed by a second rinse with tap water. The rinsing was started in May 1976 and continued for one year. The results were as follows: 1) The inhibition of the 'D' Person rate was 76.04%, 'M' person rate was 80.79%, 'F' person rate was 4.06% and, 'D.M.F.' person rate was 76.86%. 2) the reduction of the 'D.T.' Index was 81.94%, 'M.T.' Index was 85.71%, 'F.T.' Index was 7.69% and, 'D.M.F.T.' Index was 76.83%. 3) Mouth rinsing with 0.3% NaF solution and tooth brushing are of value in the mass control of dental caries.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2012

Objectives: Recent studies have reported a correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and depression. In attempt to verify the suggestion that eveningness is related to depression, we examined the effect of morningness-eveningness on their depressive mood in patinets with OSA. Methods: The examination was based on the medical records and polysomnography reports of 211 OSA patients. Information was gathered from the patients who filled out the H$\ddot{o}$rne and Ostberg questionnaire (HOQ), profile of mood states-Korean version (K-POMS), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). We compared mean values of K-POMS total, subscales of K-POMS, ESS, and OSA severity variables among the 3 morningness-eveningness groups (morningness, eveningness, and neither groups). Partial correlation analysis was performed between variables and ANCOVA was performed among the 3 groups after adjustment with age and weight. Results: There were significant negative correlations between HOQ and the followings : K-POMS total, POMS-T (tension-anxiety), POMS-D (depression-dejection), POMS-A (anger-hostility), POMS-F (fatigue-inertia), POMS-C (confusion-bewilderment), spontaneous arousal index, average O2 saturation. There were significant positive correlations between HOQ and the followings : POMS-V (vigor-activity), apnea-hypopnea index, respiratory arousal index, snore time. There were significant negative correlations between POMS-D and the followings : HOQ, POMS-V, stage 1 sleep (%), AHI, TAI (total arousal index), oxygen desaturation index, respiratory arousal index, neck circumference, average O2 desaturation, snore time (%). There were significant positive correlations between POMS-D and K-POMS total, POMS-T, POMS-A, POMS-F, POMS-C, sleep latency, stage 2 sleep (%), heart rate, spontaneous arousal index. There were significant differences in K-POMS total, POMS-T, POMS-D, POMS-F, POMS-C, spontaneous arousal index among the three HOQ groups in ANCOVA. Conclusion: The depressive correlates of OSA patients might be affected, not by excessive daytime sleepiness or OSA severity indexes, but by eveningness circadian characteristics. It would be important to take into account the morningness-eveningness tendency when we manage the depressive mood of OSA patients.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.118-127
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Tai-Chi exercise program on subjective health and physiological function index. Methods: This study was designed as non-equivalent control group pretestposttest research. Eighteen women in each group completed the posttest with an attendance rate of 78.3 % after 12 weeks. The Tai Chi exercise program was provided two times a week over three months for the experimental group, but no program for the control group. A questionnaire was used for subjective health index, which consisted of Korean-WOMAC Index for joint stiffness, K-HAQ for physical disability, EQ-5D for quality of life and perceived health status, and CES-D for depression. To measure the effect on the physiological function index, femoral muscle strength, shoulder joint and back flexibility were measured. Results: All variables except left anterior femoral muscle strength had significant homogeneity between the two groups. There were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in joint stiffness (t=-2.165, p=.03), physical disability (t=-2.231, p=.038), EQ-5D index (t=3.783, p=.001), perceived health status (t=-2.349, p=.025) and femoral posterior muscle strength (t=2.487, p=.038). Conclusion: The Tai-Chi exercise program was beneficial for women with arthritis in rural communities.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

This experimental study shows the combustion characteristics for each coating thickness of water and oil paint which are used as fire retardant paints that prevent fire propagation through cables in underground culverts and trays. To evaluate combustion characteristics, smoke density(ASTM E 662) and Limited Oxygen Index(ASTM D 2863) experiment method was used. As the results of this study, the combustion characteristics of fire retardant paints produced the following : (a) The molt suitable coating thickness of fire retardant paint was 1.5∼2.0 mm in water paint and 0.2 mm in oil paint. (b) Flaming method in experiments of smoke density were found to be higher than Non-flaming method. (c) Water paint has the fire retardant effect and characteristics better than oil paint in measurement results of smoke density and oxygen index. (d) The oxygen index of water and oil fire retardant was able to know that it was satisfied a standard (30 or above).

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.1093-1105
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• 2007

This paper presents a multidimensional type inheritance indexing technique (MD-TIX) for XML databases. We use a multidimensional file organization as the index structure. In conventional XML database indexing techniques using one-dimensional index structures, they do not efficiently handle complex queries involving both nested elements and type inheritance hierarchies. We extend a two-dimensional type hierarchy indexing technique(2D-THI) for indexing the nested elements of XML databases. 2D-THI is an indexing scheme that deals with the problem of clustering elements in a two-dimensional domain space consisting of the key value domain and the type identifier domain for indexing a simple element in a type hierarchy. In our extended scheme, we handle the clustering of the index entries in a multidimensional domain space consisting of a key value domain and multiple type identifier domains that include one type identifier domain per type hierarchy on a path expression. This scheme efficiently supports queries that involve search conditions on the nested element represented by an extended path expression. An extended path expression is a path expression in which every type hierarchy on a path can be substituted by an individual type or a subtype hierarchy.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

Background The length of the second digit (the index finger) relative to the length of the fourth digit (the ring finger) is sexually dimorphic as males have a lower second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D). There is evidence that sex differences in 2D:4D arise from in utero concentrations of sex steroids, with a low 2D:4D (male typical ratio) being positively related to prenatal testosterone, while a high 2D:4D (female typical ratio) is positively associated with prenatal oestrogen Objective To investigate possible associations between 2D:4D ratio and sexually dimorphic body composition Methods 2D:4D ratio, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), weight, and body fat percentage was measured from 46 men and 20 women Results Digit ratio was found to be significantly lower in men than in women. No significant correlation between 2D:4D ratio and body compositions was found for both men and women while digit ratio in obese men was significantly higher than normal weight men. Conclusion This finding dose not support the significant correlation between digit ratio and sexually dimorphic body composition. However digit ratio in obese men was significantly higher than normal weight men.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.129-144
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• 2012

This study was conducted to understand the community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates according to Growth Environment at 6 Palustrine Wetlands in a rural area. As growth environment factors, size, water depth, water inlet and water outlet, land-use and water environment was analyzed. Two years' quantitative collection of benthic macroinvertebrate was carried out, and it executed community analysis and ESB index calculation and also carried out twinspan, MDS and correlation analysis. As a result, the collected benthic macroinvertebrate was 1254 individuals with 3 Phylums, 6 Classes, 14 Orders, 35 Families, 52 Genera and 61 Species. Odonata and Coenagreionidae had the highest species and individuals. Dominance Index was 0.252~0.698, Diversity Index was 1.661~2.902, Evenness Index was 0.414~0.724, and Species Richness Index was 1.990~6.224. As a result of community analysis, when correlation analysis was executed, Dominance Index had the opposite tendency with Diversity Index and Evenness Index, which had the same tendency with the previous studies. When ESB Index was calculated, Grade 2 (polluted) had the highest species with 48 species (78.7%). It is determined from the Environmental quality evaluation and saprobity evaluation result according to ESB index that there is a need to revise environmental evaluation system more specifically. As a result of MDS analysis, the subject spots A and D had the highest similarity, and the subject spot E and D had a relatively high similarity. The life environment that is the closest related with species diversity is estimated by the land-use. As for number of Individual, it seems to have the closest relation with inlet, which is to be determined as a characteristics of Palustrine Wetland. Through such investigation, this study is expected to be utilized for various types of habitats including ecological pond and to be utilized for the increase of species diversity in rural areas.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.691-697
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• 2014

Optical measurements of the morphological and biochemical imaging of phytoplankton are presented. Employing quantitative phase imaging techniques, 3-D refractive index maps and high-resolution 2-D quantitative phase images of individual live phytoplankton are simultaneously obtained without exogenous labeling agents. In addition, biochemical information of individual phytoplankton including volume, mass, and density of individual phytoplankton are also quantitatively obtained from the measured refractive index distributions. We expect the present method to become a powerful tool for the study of phytoplankton.