• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.57-64
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• 2012

The lateral behavior characteristics of concrete group pile under the lateral load were examined by the laboratory model tests in this study. Piles were socketed 1D(D : pile diameter) in the concrete block, and model tests were executed on $2{\times}3$ group piles, of which the length were 11D, 15D and 20D. All results of loading tests under each condition was presented by the lateral load-displacement curves, and the displacements in the ground under the lateral loads were measured. As a results of model tests, as the ratio of pile length/diameter(L/D) was decreased, the yielding load and the lateral displacement at that load were increased. The yielding load was evaluated as the load at lateral displacement of 15 mm. The yielding loads at the pile length of 11D, 15D and 20D were 11.7, 6.2kN and 3.4kN. The lateral displacements of pile in the ground under each condition were measured linearly and the failure occurred at the location where the piles were socketed in concrete block.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.953-958
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• 2005

최근 들어 다양한 산업에서 3차원 수치해석을 이용하는 영역이 넓혀지고 있다. 국내에서도 3차원 수치해석을 이용하여 댐이나 정수처리시설 설계 등 수리분야에 적용하였고, 점점 그 이용이 확대되고 있다. 특히 교량 및 수제 등의 수공구조물로 인한 주변 흐름형상은 2차원 해석이 불가능하여 현재 수리모형실험을 통한 해석이 주를 이루고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 3차원 수치해석에 많이 이용되는 상용모델인 FLOW-3D를 이용하여 3차원 흐름에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였으며 수리모형 결과와 비교하여 적용성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 모의 및 실험결과 수리모형과 수치모의 결과는 서로 비슷한 흐름양상을 보이고 있었다. 또한 조도계수(Roughness)를 매개변수로 하여 다양한 상태에서의 FLOW-3D의 민감도를 검토하였으나 실제 흐름과는 상이함을 보였다 또한 다양한 난류모형을 적용하여 그 결과를 실제 흐름과 비교해보았다. 그 결과 3차원모형에서는 교각 후면부와 좌, 우측면부에서의 흐름이 실제 수리 모형과는 상이한 결과를 보이는데 이는 FLOW-3D의 벽 경계 및 와류에 대한 난류모델에 따른 수치해석적인 차이로 사료된다.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.185-212
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• 1995

전통적인 산업조직이론에서 널리 사용되는 시장구조-행동-성과 분석 도구 (The SCP Paradigm)는 시장성과가 가격정책, 기술개발투자(R&D), 광고투자, 생산설비 변경 등 시장행동의 함수라는 암묵적 가정에 근거한다. 최근 시장행동 중에서 기업의 관심이 크게 높아진 R&D 및 광고투자가 시장성과에 미치는 영향이 크게 부각되었으며, 시장성과를 구성하는 주요요인으로 주목받고 있다. R&D 및 광고 투자의 성격과 행태, 그리고 시장성과에 미치는 영향이 상호 유사함에도 불구하고 두 가지 변수를 동시에 다룬 연구는 매우 드물다. 몇 안 되는 연구들도 기업의 행태를 실증적으로 설명하는데 치중함으로써 이론적 근거를 소홀히 하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 즉, 논리의 전개상 이론적인 근거를 바탕으로 수리모형이 먼저 제시된 후에야 이를 검증하는 방법으로 통계모형을 사용하는 것이 옳을 것이다. 이 논문은 기존의 SCP 분석방법을 사용하여 기업이 한정된 재원을 어떤 원칙아래 R&D 및 광고에 분산 투자하는 가를 설명하기 위해 수리모형을 설정한 후, 정태와 동학, 확실성과 불확실성, 단발성과 균등투자전략의 개념을 도입하여 다양한 분석을 시도하였다. 또 R&D 및 광고투자 함수를 이론적 근거에 의해 도입하되, 각 모형에 균형이 존재하는가를 검증하였다. 수리모형을 이용해 분석한 결과 (1) 기업의 투자는 R&D 및 광고투자간에 한계원리(Marginal Principle)가 지켜지도록 분배할 때에 효율적임이 판명되었고, (2) 동학모형이 정학모형을 포함하는 일반모형의 성격을 가지고 있었으며, (3) 투자는 확실성이 높을수록, 분산시킬수록 투자효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한국을 대상으로 한 실증적 모형추정은 앞의 수리모형 및 그 결과에 근거를 두었으며, 한국기업에 적절한 R&D 및 광고투자함수를 추정한 뒤 이를 이용해 업종, 기업규모, 상품유형별로 적합한 모델(Fixed Effects Model)을 결정하고, 각각에 해당하는 통계모형을 구축하였다. 이 결과 (1) 업종 및 기업규모별로 그룹간에 유의한 특성이 발견되었으며, (2) R&D 및 광고투자는 기업의 시장성과를 설명하는 중요한 변수이나, (3) R&D 투자의 경우는 광고에 비해 불확실성이 존재하는 것으로 나타났고, (4) 수리모형에서 도출된 한계원리가 통계모형에서도 유효한 것으로 드러났다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.659-668
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• 2010

This paper examines users' emotion from both 2D and 3D web interfaces and finds their differences. First, 77 words representing users' emotion were collected from the previous research papers. Second, a web survey system was developed using these collected words and prepared 3 web interface prototypes to collect users' emotions from different types of web interfaces. Finally, a web survey was conducted and its results were analyzed. The result of the survey showed that there were emotional words that were commonly experienced from either 2D or 3D web interfaces. However, it also showed that there were emotional differences between 2D and 3D web interface; 3D web interfaces provide users with specific emotional experiences because of their own characteristics - depth and dynamic movement. It is believed that the words collected from the survey could be the criteria to evaluate the quality of the 3D web interfaces and encourage the research on users' emotion from 3D interfaces.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.507-520
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• 2014

In this study, the surface displacement was investigated according to the various depth of cover when the tunnel excavation equipment was used in a clay soil. For this the laboratory scaled model test was carried out using the soil sample similar to the in-situ conditions. We carried out four tests according to tunnel depth(1.5D, 2.0D, 2.5D, 3.0D). The distribution of impact due to tunnelling was quantitatively analyzed in the three-dimension by measuring the surface displacement. In addition, the pattern of surface displacements was figured out.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2017

Physical models of underground mines are very useful to the design of mine openings and the management of work progress of mining companies as well as to consulting. Even though 3D image realization techniques for mine openings have already been developed by various companies the physical models are still widely used because they can provide better understanding without sophisticated equipments for the most of people. Conventional materials for the physical models are paper and acryl which demand a lot of time and labor to make the model even with low precision and high cost. In this research, 3D printing technique is adopted to develop the physical model with relatively short time, low cost, and proper degree of precision. Finally the computer software "UMine2STL" was developed and verified by comparing the printed product with its design.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2004

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2008

In this study, we estimated the discharge capacity of Solicheon sluice gate in Gunjang national industrial complex by hydraulic physical scale model test and FLOW-3D. It was showed that the discharge capacity of gate carried by physical model test and numerical analysis was similar.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.215-229
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• 2020

In response to the recent 4th industrial revolution, the demand for 3D object models in the latest fields of digital twin, autonomous driving, and VR/AR, as well as the existing fields such as city, construction, transportation, and energy has increased significantly. It is expected that the demand for 3D object models with various precision from LOD1 to LOD4 will increase more and more in various industry fields. However, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and the local government and the private sector have partially built 3D object models of different precisions for some specific regions because of the huge cost. Therefore, this study proposes a feasible plan that can solve the cost problem in generating 3D object models for the whole territory. For our purpose, we first analyzed usage, demand, generation technology and generation cost for 3D object models. Afterwards, we proposed LOD3 model generation plan for all territory using automatic 3D object model generation technology based on image matching. Additionally, we supplemented the proposed plan by using LOD4 generation plan for landmarks and LOD2 generation plan non-urban area. In the near future, we expect this would be a great help in establishing a feasible and effective 3D object model generation plan for the whole country.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.77-88
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• 2020

In game characters, the direction of character design varies depending on the expression or production method. It is necessary to perform game character personality design by reflecting the importance. This study derives the importance of the game character personality model using AHP for the efficient decision and presents game character personality design check tool. In design elements, the importance of external appearance was the highest in all of style. In personality factors, action in 3D realism, external appearance in 3D animation, and speech in 2D animation were the most important.