• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2006

The objectives of this study was to produce valuable offsprings of Hanwoo and Jeju black cattle using in vivo embryo production and embryo transfer techniques during 5 years ($2001{\sim}2005$) in Jeju. Two hundred and eighty six Hanwoo and sixty nine Jeju black cattles, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. Seven days later, the animals were superovulated with a total of 400 mg pFSH ($Folltropin^{(R)}-V$) administered twice daily in constant doses (each 50 mg) over 4 days. On the 6th administration of FSH, CIDR was withdrawn and 25 mg $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was administered. Cows were artificially inseminated thrice after estrous detection at 12 hr intervals. The cows received $250{\mu}g$ GnRH at the time of 2nd insemination. Embryos were recovered 7 or 8 days after the 1st insemination. Recipients were synchronized with donors by insertion of a CIDR for 7 days and administration of 25 mg $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ at the time of CIDR removal. The collected embryos were transferred to 1,219 recipients by 6 transfer persons. The mean numbers of total ova and transferable embryos from Hanwoo and Jeju black cattle donors were 7.4 and 4.7, respectively The number of transferable embryos differed between Hanwoo (5.0) and Jeju black cattle (3.5, p<0.05), while that of total ova did not differ. Repeated superovulation treatments decreased (p<0.05) the ratio of numbers of the flushed animals vs. superovulated animals in Jeju black cattle, and the numbers of total ova and transferable embryos in Hanwoo. More transferable embryos were collected at summer (5.6) than winter (2.9, p<0.01). The mean pregnancy rate was 40%. The pregnancy.ate was affected by transfer year (2001<2004, p<0.05) and transfer person ($33.0{\sim}41.9%$, p<0.01), while not by donor (embryo) breed. These results showed that in vivo embryo preduction and embryo transfer techniques using CIDR for Hanwoo and Jeju black cattle donors as well as recipient, regardless of their estrous cycle, may enable a stable embryo production and recipient preparation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.605-611
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• 2015

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.03$) and M ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.01$), moderately low for Dm ($h^2=0.13{\pm}0.02$), of medium values for H ($h^2=0.20{\pm}0.03$) and F ($h^2=0.23{\pm}0.03$). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm ($r_g=0.93$), between F and H ($r_g=0.97$) and between Dm and H ($r_g=0.90$). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings' feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2000

Purpose : Intravenous infusion of albumin has been widely und to relieve severe nephrotic edema in spite of beneficial or harmful effects. The purpose of this study is to examine the harmful effect of albumin on the clinical course of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS). Method : We prospectively randomized the patients with nephrotic syndrome(biopsy proven or clinically compatible to minimal change nephrotic syndrome) into the albumin group(20$\%$ albumin 1 g/kg) or control group(5$\%$ D/W) between March 1997 and September 1999 at Ewha University Mokdong Hospital. We compared the clinical course of the albumin group(n=13) with the control group(n=13). Results : 1. The duration of steroid therapy until complete remission in the albumin group was significantly longer than the control group($13.7{\pm}6.4\;days\;vs\;7.5{\pm}2.8\;days$)(P<0.05). 2. The remission duration to the first relapse was significantly shorter in the albumin group ($94{\pm}63.5$ days) than the control group($190{\pm}106.4$ days)(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the relapse rate within 1 year after complete remission[77$\%$ (10/13) vs 46$\%$ (6/13)](P>0.05) and the relapse frequency per year($1.9{\pm}0.8\;vs\;1.5{\pm}0.5$) between the albumin and control groups. 3. Spot urine protein/creatinine ratio significantly increased in the albumin group at post-albumin 2, 4 days(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the change of the daily percent weight loss, blood pressure, serum Na, K concentration between the albumin and control groups. Conclusion : Albumin infusion in SSNS delayed the response to steroid and shortened the remission duration to the first relapse. Albumin should be carefully used in nephrotic edema.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.474-481
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• 1993

The infinite dilution activity coefficients(${\gamma}{\infty}$) of nonpolar and polar solutes have been determined in different solvents at temperature between 60 and $100^{\circ}C$ by using gas chromatography. The $ln{\gamma}{\infty}$ values of nonpolar solutes(alkanes, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene and $CCl_4$) were linearly increased as 1/T in the nonpolar solvent (n-octadecane) and the polar solvent(n-hexadecyl alcohol) systems and the $ln{\gamma}{\infty}$ values at the constant temperature were increased with the number of carbon atoms of solute molecule. For the polar solutes(alcohols, esters and ketones) and the weak polar solvent(di-2-ethyl adiphate and di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate) systems, the relations of $ln{\gamma}{\infty}$ vs. 1/T were found to be curved with increased slope, and the $ln{\gamma}{\infty}$ values at constant temperature were linearly diminished as increasing the number of carbon atoms of solute molecule. For the polar solutes(alcohols, esters and ketones) and the strong polar solvents(triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate)systems, the relations of $ln{\gamma}{\infty}$ vs. 1/T were found to be curved with increased slope but $ln{\gamma}{\infty}$ values at constant temperature were linearly increased as increasing the number of carbon atoms of solute molecule.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.360-368
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• 2000

Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that a lipase-based enzyme preparation would increase the AME content of full-fat rice bran (FFRB) by increasing fat digestibility when fed to broiler chickens. Experiment 1 used FFRB from Australia and lasted for 35 days, while Experiment 2 used FFRB from Thailand and lasted for 14 days. Rice bran was substituted in a maize-soybean diet at levels of 90 g/kg (Experiment 1) and at 90 and 180 g/kg in Experiment 2. Total collections of excreta were used for determination of AME content and fat digestibility. In Experiment 1, the enzyme increased the AME content of FFRB between days 4-7, 18-21 and 32-35 by 6.1-16.1% (p>0.05), however this was not associated with improved fat digestibility. In Experiment 2, the enzyme enhanced the AME content of FFRB between days 4-7 (10.42 vs. 9.06, p=0.107) and 11-14 (11.94 vs. 9.93, p=0.041), but again, this was not caused by increased fat digestibility. Inclusion of 180 g/kg depressed the AME content of FFRB by 7.4-11.5% (p>0.10) in conjunction with decreased (p<0.05) fat digestibility between 0-14 days of age. Improvements in bird growth with the enzyme were seen in Experiment 2 but not in Experiment 1. Increases in AME content of FFRB per se were not caused by enhanced fat digestibility, suggesting that the side activities associated with the preparation must have acted singularly or in combination to improve AME content and bird performance. These data show that the response of FFRB to the lipase-based enzyme preparation was dependent upon the geographical origin of the rice bran and the level of FFRB substituted in the basal diet.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 1997

The survey of weed population in apple orchard was conducted to investigate basic information on weed flora and its ecology at 27 locations in 1996. The weed species observed include 7 species of grasses, 60 species of broadleaves and 2 species of sedges, and the ratio of annual weed vs perennial weed was 64 : 36. Major dominant weed species by frequence were Chenopodium album, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Digitaria sanguinalis, Rorippa islandica, Alopecurus aequalis and Erigeron canadensis. While, on the basis of dry weight, the most dominant weeds were C. album followed by E. canadensis, A. aequalis, R islandica and R indica. The dominant weed species in middle-north Kyeongbuk region were C. bursa-pastoris, C. album, R indica and R islandica, were E. canadensis, Persicaria hydropiper, A. aequalis and Arenaria serpylliforia in Chungbuk region and were A. aequalis, E. canadenris and R islandica in Honam region.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.307-311
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• 2011

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is ATPase-directed molecular chaperon and affects survival of several cells. In our previous study, inhibitory effect of Hsp90 by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the pig embryonic and primary cells was reported. However, its role during early bovine embryonic development is not sufficient. In this study, we traced the effects of Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), on early bovine embryonic development. We also investigated several indicators of developmental potential, including structural integrity, gene expression (apoptosis-related genes), and apoptosis, which are affected by 17-AAG. Bovine embryos were cultured in the CR1-aa medium with or without 17-AAG for 7 days. In result, significant differences in developmental potential were detected between the embryos that were cultured with or without 17-AAG ($33.1{\pm}9.6$ vs $21.7{\pm}8.3%$). The structural integrity of the blastocysts was examined by differential staining. Blastocysts from the dbcAMP-treated group had higher numbers of ICM, TE, and total cells than those from the untreated group. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) showed that the number of containing fragmented DNA at the blastocyst stage increased in the 17-AAG treated group compared with control (11.2 vs 3.9, respectively). Blastocysts that developed in the 17-AAG treated group had low structural integrity and high apoptotic nuclei than those of the untreated control, resulting in decrease the embryonic qualities of preimplantation bovine blastocysts. The mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) increased in 17-AAG treated group, whereas expression of the antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-XL) decreased. In conclusion, Hsp90 also appears to play a direct role in bovine early embryo developmental competence including structural integrity of blastocysts. Also, these results indicate that Hsp90 is closely associated with apoptosis-related genes expression in developing bovine embryos.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1985

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of excess vitamin E supple-mentation (0.5%) and cholesterol (0.5%) on levels of serum and liver vitamin E and cholesterol in two categories of rats, group A and group B. Rats in group A(45-65g) were fed experimental diets for 3 weeks ( I-C, II-E, III-Ch, IV-ECh). On the other hand rats in group B(45g-65g) were first fed control diet for 3 weeks and then fed experimental diets when they were 100-l20g for the subsequent 3 weeks ( I'-C, II'-E, III'-Ch, & IV'-ECh). The levels of serum vitamin E were higher in vitamin supplemented groups as expected. Dietary cholesterol showed a tendency to lower serum vitamin E levels of vitamin E supplemented groups. Serum cholesterol levels tended to stay in a narrow range showing resistancy to dietary cholesterol and were not affected by vitamin E status. Whereas vitamin E supplementation seemed to lower the levels of hepatic cholesterol in both groups A & B( I-C, I'-C vs II-E, II'-E ), simultaneous supplementation of vitamin E with 0.5% cholesterol appeared to increase further the hepatic cholesterol levels which were already increased by cholesterol feeding ( IV-ECh, IV'-ECh, vs III- Ch, III'-Ch). Hepatic vitamin A levels decreased as rats grew older during the experimental period. Even though vitamin A levels did not differ from each other significantly, excess amount of vitamin E supplementation in group B seemed to show a tendency to decrease the vitamin A storage in liver.

• Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is an early manifestation of cardiac dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). However, the effect of LVDD on survival has not been clarified, especially in decompensated LC. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 70 patients with decompensated LC, including ascites or variceal bleeding, at Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital from April 2013 to April 2015. The cardiac function of these patients was evaluated using 2D echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging. The diagnosis of LVDD was based on the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Results: Forty-four patients (62.9%) had LVDD. During follow-up (22.3 months), 18 patients died (16 with LVDD and 2 without LVDD). The survival rate was significantly lower in patients with LVDD than in those without LVDD (31.1 months vs. 42.6 months, P=0.01). In a multivariate analysis, the Child-Pugh score and LVDD were independent predictors of survival. Moreover, patients with a ratio of early filling velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e') ${\geq}10$ (LVDD grade 2) had lower survival than patients with E/e' ratio < 10. Conclusions: The presence of LVDD is associated with poor survival in patients with decompensated LC. Therefore, it may be important to monitor and closely follow LVDD patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2018

Purpose: It has been reported that the survival of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) is better in East Asia countries than in developed western countries; however, the prognosis of LAGC remains poor. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of perioperative chemotherapy on the long-term survival of East Asia patients with LAGC. Materials and Methods: From October 2006 through August 2008, 43 patients with LAGC received perioperative S-1 combined with weekly docetaxel in a phase II study (neoadjuvant group). These patients were matched using propensity scores to patients who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy during the same period (surgery group). The surgical outcomes and long-term survivals were compared between the 2 groups. Results: After matching, 43 and 86 patients were included in the neoadjuvant and surgery groups, respectively, and there was no significant difference in their baseline characteristics. Although the operating time was longer in the neoadjuvant group, there was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the 2 groups. The neoadjuvant group had a significantly higher 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (73.3% vs. 51.1%, P=0.005) and a trend towards higher 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) (62.8% vs. 49.9%, P=0.145). In the multivariate analysis, perioperative chemotherapy was an independent factor for OS, with a hazard ratio of 0.4 (P=0.005) and a marginal effect on the PFS (P=0.054). Conclusions: Perioperative chemotherapy was associated with better long-term survival without increasing postoperative complications in the setting of D2 surgery for patients with LAGC, suggesting that perioperative chemotherapy can be a therapeutic option in East Asia countries.