• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.975-988
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• 2012

Although the pattern development for tight-fitting clothing has been carried out using 3D data on humans, the pattern development using 3D scan data obtained for various postures still remains an interesting subject. In this study, we have developed the 2D pattern using the 3D human body reflecting standing and cycling postures. The 3D scan data of a subject was obtained using Cyberware. 2C-AN program(Triangle simplification and the Runge-Kutta method) was used in the system to reduce the 3D scan data points and to make segmented triangular patches in a plane from 3D data. As results, surface distance and area of each body part of standing and cycling postures were also provided for the future application of the functional clothing construction. The area of center piece on the front (c.front) decreased by $106.45cm^2$(-13.08%) and that of lateral piece(s.back) on the back increased by $144.96cm^2$(18.69%) in the patterns of cycling posture. The girth of neck and waist for the cycling posture increased by 0.88cm (3.92%) and 1.56cm(4.40%) respectively, and the that of thigh decreased by 1.01cm(-2.24%). The differences between the area in the 2D pattern obtained from the 3D scan data and that in the 3D scan surface data for standing and cycling postures were very small($-10.34cm^2$(-0.32%) and $-44.33cm^2$(-1.32%)).

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

Recently, many scan projects are gradually increasing for maintenance, construction. The scan data contains useful data, which can be generated in the target application from the facility, space. However, modeling the scan data required for the application requires a lot of cost. In example, the converting 3D point cloud obtained from scan data into 3D object is a time-consuming task, and the modeling task is still very manual. This research proposes Scan-to-Geometry Mapping Rule Definition (S2G-MD) which maps point cloud data to geometry for irregular building plane objects. The S2G-MD considers user use case variability. The method to define rules for mapping scan to geometry is proposed. This research supports the reverse engineering semi-automatic process for the building planar geometry from the user perspective.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2016

신호증강효과기법을 이용한 자기공명혈관술에서 뇌동맥을 half scan factor에 따른 절반스캔과 완전스캔의 영상을 평가하는데 목적으로 한다. 뇌혈관성 질환이 없는 환자(n = 30)를 대상으로 절반스캔과 완전스캔 하였고, 뇌동맥의 관심영역을 세 영역(C1, C2, C3)에서 7~8 mm의 범위로 설정하였다. MIP로 재구성한 영상으로 신호강도를 SNR(signal to noise ration), PSNR(peak signal noise to ratio), RMSE(root mean square error), MAE(mean absolute error)을 산출하고 paired t-test를 이용하여 통계분석 하였다. 스캔시간은 절반스캔(4분 53초), 완전스캔(6분 04초)이었다. 뇌혈관의 모든 ROI의 평균 측정 범위(7.21 mm)이었고, 첫번째 C1의 SNR은 완전스캔(58.66 dB), 절반스캔(62.10 dB)이었고, 양의 상관관계($r^2=0.503$)이고, 두 번째 C2의 SNR은 완전스캔(70.30 dB), 절반스캔(74.67 dB)이고 양의 상관관계($r^2=0.575$)이었다. 세 번째 C3의 완전스캔 SNR(70.33 dB), 절반스캔 SNR (74.64 dB)로 양의 상관관계를 ($r^2=0.523$)로 분석되었다. 절반스캔과 완전스캔의 비교에서 SNR($4.75{\pm}0.26dB$), PSNR($21.87{\pm}0.28dB$), RMSE($48.88{\pm}1.61$)이었고 MAE($25.56{\pm}2.2$)로 산출되었다. SNR은 두 검사 스캔에서 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았고 (p-value > .05) 영상의 질에서는 많은 차이가 없어 완전스캔을 사용하였을 때보다 적은 시간이 소요되는 절반스캔을 적용하여 검사하여도 된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2016

3D 인체형상자료는 인체 적합성이 우수한 제품과 생활공간을 만들기 위해 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 한국인 인체치수조사 보급사업에서 2013년에 수집한 청소년층 3차원 측정 자료를 기반으로 한국 청소년의 대표 인체치수를 산출하고 대표 인체치수와 가까운 3D 인체형상자료를 선별하는 방법을 제공한다. 먼저 여러 측정항목으로 이루어진 다차원 벡터공간을 요인분석을 통해 둘레성분과 길이성분의 2차원 벡터공간으로 투영하였다. 다음으로 2차원 성분공간에서 마할라노비스 거리를 이용하여 대표 인체치수와 이에 가까운 3D 인체형상자료를 선별하였다. 2차원 성분공간에 나타난 청소년기의 성장패턴을 고려하여 남자는 4개의 연령그룹으로 여자는 3개의 연령그룹으로 구분하였다. 성분점수 계수행렬의 열벡터에 대응하는 고유형상을 이용하여 남자는 13개 측정항목, 여자는 14개 측정항목에 대한 대표 인체치수를 연령그룹별로 계산하였다. 여기서 구한 대표 인체치수와 3D 인체형상자료는 3차원 대표 형상을 만드는 데에 매우 유용하다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2008

This study was conducted in order to spread out lower body 3D scan data of men in their twenties. The aim was to achieve slacks pattern with ease allowance through comparison with existing flat patterns. For conversion of 3D scan data into 20 pattern, reference lines were established by using Rapid Foam in 3D shape analysis software. 2C-AN program and Yuka CAD were used to convert 20 pattern earned with straight posture of 3D scan data into slacks pattern by using Triangle Simplification & Runge-Kutta Method. In order to achieve this we needed to set a line 9cm below the hip line, to array vertex of each block to crease line while maintaining the horizontal line. And then we needed to set ease allowance in back crotch and to set waist circumference or hip circumference ease allowance in side seam of slacks. Results showed that long front crotch length can be achieved if 3D scan data is compared with 20 existing flat pattern. Slacks pattern that raise front crotch by about 1.5cm compared to back crotch and also possess ease allowance in back crotch area are great in appearance evaluation.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2006

The human body, which is composed of concave and convex curvatures, makes it difficult to transfer into 2D patterns directly from 3D data. In previous studies. Jeong, et al.(2004) suggested the block method was fester and easier when dealing with the triangular patches of male's upper dress form. Although the block method is useful to make a pattern, the information(area, length, etc.) from a 2D pattern would be different depending on the direction of the block method. As a result horizontal and diagonal block methods were suggested as optimal methods for 2D tight-fitting patterns. These block methods were closer to the original area of the 3D scan data than the vertical block method. The total area of the 2D pattern obtained by the horizontal and diagonal block methods showed little differences. In case of the horizontal and diagonal block methods, the total error of the 2D pattern area ranged from $0.01\%\~0.25\%$. In comparing the length of the 2D pattern with that of the 3D scan data, the obtained 2D pattern was $0.1\~0.2cm$ shorter than the 3D scan data, which was within the acceptable range of errors in making clothes. 3D space distribution images between the body surface and the experimental clothing were also measured and $3\%$ enlargement of the original pattern was verified as the adequate adjustment.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Statement of problem : Tooth wear is physiological phenomenon. Ninety-seven percent of normal people have tooth wear and about 7% has pathologic teeth wear. If we know the amount of tooth surface loss caused by pathologic tooth wear, we may restore it ideally Purpose : Recently measurement of tooth wear by using 3D scan has been increasing. Therefore, we need to know how accurate 3D scan is. Past accuracy test on 3D scan was about linear change, but as we know that tooth wear is volume change. Thus, the purpose of this study is to know how accurate 3D scan is. Material and Methods : For accuracy test of 3D scanner volume values measured by 3D scanner and micro-balance were compared. For test I, preliminary, 3 ball samples and 3 circular cones were made with pattern resin. For test II, 10 teeth shape rubber samples were used. Results and Conclusion : 1. The result of the accuracy test on 3D scan with 3 ball samples and 3 circular cones made of pattern resin has no significant difference(p<0.05). 2. The result of the accuracy test on 3D scan with 10 samples of tooth shape rubber has no significant difference (p<0.05). As a result, we may concluded the analysis of quantifying tooth wear used by 3D scan is useful in the clinic.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the validity of three-dimensional (3D) facial scan taken with facial scanner and digital photo wrapping on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients had their CBCT scan, two-dimensional (2D) standardized frontal photographs and 3D facial scan obtained on the same day. The facial scans were taken with a facial scanner in an upright position. The 2D standardized frontal photographs were taken at a fixed distance from patients using a camera fixed to a cephalometric apparatus. The 2D integrated facial models were created using digital photo wrapping of frontal photographs on the corresponding CBCT images. The 3D integrated facial models were created using the integration process of 3D facial scans on the CBCT images. On the integrated facial models, sixteen soft tissue landmarks were identified, and the vertical, horizontal, oblique and angular distances between soft tissue landmarks were compared among the 2D facial models and 3D facial models, and CBCT images. Result: The results showed no significant differences of linear and angular measurements among CBCT images, 2D and 3D facial models except for Se-Sn vertical linear measurement which showed significant difference for the 3D facial models. The Bland-Altman plots showed that all measurements were within the limit of agreement. For 3D facial model, all Bland-Altman plots showed that systematic bias was less than 2.0 mm and 2.0° except for Se-Sn linear vertical measurement. For 2D facial model, the Bland-Altman plots of 6 out of 11 of the angular measurements showed systematic bias of more than 2.0°. Conclusion: The facial scan taken with facial scanner showed a clinically acceptable performance. The digital 2D photo wrapping has limitations in clinical use compared to 3D facial scans.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2017

일반적으로 특수영상 및 3D 애니메이션 제작에서 캐릭터와 배경을 3D 모델링을 할 때 MAYA나 3DS MAX 등의 3D 프로그램을 사용하여 제작한다. 그러나 이러한 제작방식은 작업 시간이 많이 소요될 뿐만 아니라 고비용이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 2D 포토스캔 제작기술을 활용한 3D 모델링 제작방법의 우수성과 효율성을 증명하기 위하여 두 가지 실험을 하였다. 첫 번째, 동일한 오브젝트를 다양한 방법으로 모델링을 하였다. 두 번째, 동일한 백그라운드를 각기 다른 방법을 이용하여 모델링을 하였다. 이 두 가지 실험을 통하여 효과적인 2D 포토스캔 제작방법으로 모델링 시 유의해야할 사항과 제작기술 등을 제시하였다. 또한 실험에 따른 결과물을 바탕으로 2D 포토스캔 모델링 제작방법의 효율성과 우수성을 증명하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.299-311
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a method for measuring breast size from three-dimensional (3D) body scan image data. Background: Previous bra studies established reference points by directly contacting the subject's naked skin to determine the boundary of the breast. But some subjects were uncomfortable with these types of measurements. This study examined noncontact methods of extracting breast reference points from 3D body scan data that were collected while subjects were wearing standardized soft bras. Method: 3D body scan data of 32 Korean women were analyzed. The subjects were selected from the Size Korea 2010 study. The breast landmarks were identified by graphic analyses of slicing contour lines on 3D body scan data. Results: Three methods determining bra cup size were compared. The M1 and M2 methods determined cup size by calculating the difference between bust girth and under-bust girth. The M3 method determined bra cup size by measuring breast arc length. Conclusion: The researchers proposed an anthropometric bra cup sizing system with the breast arc length (M3 method). It was measured from the geometrically defined landmarks on the 3D body scan slicing contour lines. The new bra cup size was highly correlated with breast depth. Application: The noncontact measuring method used in this study can be applied to the ergonomic studies measuring sensitive body parts.