• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제78권4호
• /
• pp.439-453
• /
• 2021

In this work, quasi three-dimensional (quasi-3D) shear deformation theory is presented for bending and dynamic analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates. The effect of varying material properties and volume fraction of the constituent on dynamic and bending behavior of the FG plate is discussed. The benefit of this model over other contributions is that a number of variables is diminished. The developed model considers nonlinear displacements through the thickness and ensures the free boundary conditions at top and bottom faces of the plate without using any shear correction factors. The basic equations that account for the effects of transverse and normal shear stresses are derived from Hamilton's principle. The analytical solutions are determined via the Navier procedure. The accuracy of the proposed formulation is proved by comparisons with the different 2D, 3D and quasi-3D solutions found in the literature.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2017

PURPOSES : In this paper, the flow of construction material was simulated using computational fluid dynamics in a 2D axisymmetric condition to evaluate the effect of initial or varying material properties on the final shape of a specimen. METHODS : The CFD model was verified by using a well-known analytical solution for a given test condition followed by performing a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effect of material properties on the final shape of material. Varying dynamic viscosity and yield stress were also considered. RESULTS : The CFD model in a 2D axisymmetric condition agreed with the analytical solution for most yield stress conditions. Minor disagreements observed at high yield stress conditions indicate improper application of the pure shear assumption for the given material behavior. It was also observed that the variation of yield stress and dynamic viscosity during curing had a meaningful effect on the final shape of the specimen. CONCLUSIONS : It is concluded that CFD modeling in a 2D axisymmetric condition is good enough to evaluate fluidal characteristics of material. The model is able to consider varying yield stress and viscosity during curing. The 3D CFD-DEM coupled model may be required to consider the interaction of aggregates in fluid.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 II
• /
• pp.933-939
• /
• 2001

A Satellite shipping container must afford the satellite a relatively benign thermal, vibration, and particle environment that is oblivious to the extreme temperatures, sand, dust, vibrations and shocks that can accompany the transportation. In this study, we have designed a vibration isolation system of a spacecraft container that will be used to transport a satellite called KOMPSAT (KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite) -2 from KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute) Taejon to its launch site. To identify the dynamic characteristics of the system, a 1/3-scaled mockup of the container was developed. A large electro-magnetic shaker (Max. 240 KN) was used to excite the mockup, and vibration signals from 20 points were collected for modal tests. Numerical simulations through CATIA 3D Modeling were performed to identify the behavior of isolation springs. The results showed that a simplified model predicts the behavior in a reasonable accuracy. Moreover, the model guides us how to design a full-scaled satellite-shipping container.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.503-513
• /
• 2007

구조물의 지진응답은 구조물의 강성도에 영향을 미치는 접합부의 특성에 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 합성반강접 접합부를 갖는 2차원 8층 비가새 철골구조물에 대하여 동적 비선형 해석 프로그램을 이용한 푸쉬오버 해석과 시간이력해석을 실시하여 구조물의 거동을 예측하였다. 접합부 비선형 모멘트-회전 특성, 합성보 및 철골기둥의 재료 비선형 특성을 고려하여 구조해석을 실시하였다. 합성반강접 접합부를 완전 강접합부로 이상화하면 푸쉬오버 해석에서 구조물의 초기강성도와 종국강도가 증가되었고 시간이력해석에서는 밑면전단력, 최대층간변위, 보 및 기둥에 발생되는 최대 휨모멘트가 접합부 강성 및 이력거동의 영향을 받았다. 최대지반가속도가 0.4g인 지진파에 대하여 합성반강접 구조물에서는 FEMA 273의 최대 층간변위에 대한 인명손상방지 기준을 만족하였으며 보와 기둥이 비탄성 거동을 경험하지 않은 반면 완전 강접합부로 이상화한 구조물에서는 보 및 기둥이 비탄성 거동을 경험하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.211-225
• /
• 2019

최근 우리나라 전 지역에서 지진이 발생하고 이에 각 분야에서의 내진해석 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있고 지반을 고려하는 SSI 해석 연구 또한 지속적으로 수행되고 있다. 하지만 지반을 고려한 대부분의 기존 동적해석의 경우, 수치해석 방법에 따른 건물의 동적거동에 대한 비교 분석이 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 초고층 건물을 대상으로 유한요소 프로그램인 MIDAS GTS NX와 유한차분 프로그램인 FLAC 2D를 사용하여 동적해석을 수행하고, 결과를 비교 분석하고자하였다. 연구 결과, 건물 지상 및 지하부의 휨응력의 경우 최대 압축 및 인장 모두 MIDAS GTS NX가 FLAC 2D보다 다소 크게 발생하였지만, 최대 수평변위값 및 분포양상, 취약부의 위치는 유사하게 나타났다. 따라서 동적해석을 위해 사용자의 편의에 따라 유한요소법이나 유한차분법에 근거한 프로그램 중 어느 것을 사용해도 차이가 없음을 확인하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.367-380
• /
• 2024

Investigations has shown that the correct estimation of the effective amplification period is as important as the amplification value itself. It gets more important in 2D basins. This study presents a quantitative coefficient for consideration of the nonlinearity effect in terms of amplification value and the shift in its period which is missing or ineffectively considered in the previous studies. To attain this goal, by the application of a time domain fully nonlinear method, the deviation of the more common equivalent linear results from the basin nonlinear behavior under strong ground motions is investigated quantitatively. Also, despite the increase in the damping ratio, the possibility of the increase in the amplification due to the increase in motion strength is shown. To make the results useful in engineering practice, by introducing nonlinearity ratio, the effect of the nonlinearity is quantitatively estimated for two soft and stiff clayey basins with three different depths under a set of motions scaled to two target spectrum. Results show that at the 100 m depth soft clayey basin, while the nonlinearity ratio shows a 35% deviation at the basin edge part under DD1 motion level, its effect moves to the central part with 20% effect under DD3 motion level. By the increase in depth to 150 m, the results show a decrease in the overall effect of the nonlinear behavior for both clay types. At this depth, the nonlinearity ratio gives a 30% and 17% difference on a limited distance from outcrop at the soft clayey basin under DD1 and DD3 motion levels, respectively. At the 30 m depth basins, the nonlinearity ratio shows up to 25% difference for different cases. The presented ratio would be introduced as nonlinearity coefficients for consideration of the nonlinearity effects in the codes. The presented quantitative margins will help the designer to have a better understanding of the amplification period change because of nonlinearity over 2D basin surface.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2008

A dynamic model has been developed to simulate dynamic operation of a real double-effect absorption chiller. Dynamic behavior of working fluids in main components was modeled in first-order nonlinear differential equations based on heat and mass balances. Mass transport mechanisms among the main components were modeled by valve throttling, 'U' tube overflow and solution sub-cooling. The nonlinear dynamic equations coupled with the subroutines to calculate thermodynamic properties of working fluids were solved by a numerical method. The dynamic performance of the model was compared with the test data of a commercial medium chiller. The model showed a good agreement with the test data except for the first 5,000 seconds during which different flow rates of the weak solution caused some discrepancy. It was found that the chiller dynamics is governed by the inlet temperatures of the cooling water and the chilled water when the heat input to the chiller is relatively constant.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.781-788
• /
• 2008

A dynamic model has been developed to simulate dynamic operation of a real double-effect absorption chiller. Dynamic behavior of working fluids in main components was modeled in first-order nonlinear differential equations based on heat and mass balances. Mass transport mechanisms among the main components were modeled by valve throttling, 'U' tube overflow and solution sub-cooling. The nonlinear dynamic equations coupled with the subroutines to calculate thermodynamic properties of working fluids were solved by a numerical method. The dynamic performance of the model was compared with the test data of a commercial medium chiller. The model showed a good agreement with the test data except for the first 5,000 seconds during which different flow rates of the weak solution caused some discrepancy. It was found that the chiller dynamics is governed by the inlet temperatures of the cooling water and the chilled water when the heat input to the chiller is relatively constant.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2004

This work aims at examining the cellular uptake behavior of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles derivatized with a protein transduction domain (PTD) using HeLa cells. For this purpose, $Tat_{49-57}$ peptide derived from transcriptional activation (Tat) protein of HIV type-1 was covalently conjugated to the terminal end of PLGA. Nanoparticles were ten prepared with the $Tat_{49-57}-PLGA$ conjugates by a spontaneous phase inversion method. The prepared particles had a mean diameter of ca. 84 nm, as measured by dynamic light scattering. The interaction of the Tat-PLGA nanoparticles with cells was examined by using confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was found tat Tat-PLGA nanoparticles incubated with HeLa cells could efficiently translocate into cytoplasm, while plain PLGA nanoparticles showed negligible cellular uptake. In addition, even at $4^{\circ}C$ or in the presence of sodium azide significant cellular internalization of Tat-PLGA nanoparticles was still observed. These results indicate that a non-endocytotic translocation mechanism might be involved in the cellular uptake of Tat-PLGA nanoparticles.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.93-104
• /
• 2003

간단한 제하/재재하 구성방정식을 이용하여 기존의 교란상태개념(DSC)모델을 수정하였고, 그 수정된 DSC모델을 비선형 동역학적 유한요소 프로그램인 DSC_DYN2D에 수치해석적으로 접목(implementation)하였다. 본 연구에서 이용한 구성방정식 DSC 모델은 상대적으로 손상받지 않은 상태(RI)를 정의하기 위하여 HiSS모델을 이용하였고, 완전파괴상태(FA)는 한계상태모델을 이용하였다. 이렇게 수정된 DSC_DYN2D 프로그램을 이용하여 동하중을 받는 현장파일 및 그 주변 지반의 거동을 수치해석적으로 모사 하였다. 해석 결과를 기존의 HiSS모델을 이용한 해석결과와 비교, 분석하였다. 비교결과, DSC모델을 이용하여 해석한 결과가 HiSS모델로 해석한 결과보다 현장계측과 유사하였다. 이를 통해 DSC모델을 이용한 수치해석이 복잡한 점토-파일 접촉면 상호작용 거동을 실제적으로 잘 모사할 수 있다고 판단된다.