• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2021

낙상 판단을 위한 최근 발표되는 연구는 RNN(Recurrent Neural Network)을 이용한 낙상 동작 특징 분석과 동작 분류에 집중되어 있다. 웨어러블 센서를 기반으로 한 접근 방식은 높은 탐지율을 제공하나 사용자의 착용 불편으로 보편화 되지 못했고 최근 영상이나 이미지 기반에 딥러닝 접근방식을 이용한 낙상 감지방법이 소개 되었다. 본 논문은 2D RGB 저가 카메라에서 얻은 영상을 PoseNet을 이용해 추출한 인체 골격 키포인트(Keypoints) 정보로 머리와 어깨의 키포인트들의 위치와 위치 변화 가속도를 추정함으로써 낙상 판단의 정확도를 높이기 위한 감지 방법을 연구하였다. 특히 낙상 후 자세 특징 추출을 기반으로 Convolutional Neural Networks 중 Gated Recurrent Unit 기법을 사용하는 비전 기반 낙상 감지 솔루션을 제안한다. 인체 골격 특징 추출을 위해 공개 데이터 세트를 사용하였고, 동작분류 정확도를 높이는 기법으로 코, 좌우 눈 그리고 양쪽 귀를 포함하는 머리와 어깨를 하나의 세그먼트로 하는 특징 추출 방법을 적용해, 세그먼트의 하강 속도와 17개의 인체 골격 키포인트가 구성하는 바운딩 박스(Bounding Box)의 높이 대 폭의 비율을 융합하여 실험을 하였다. 제안한 방법은 기존 원시골격 데이터 사용 기법보다 낙상 탐지에 보다 효과적이며 실험환경에서 약 99.8%의 성공률을 보였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.979-987
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• 2021

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can be early diagnosed by detecting lesions in brain magnetic resonance images (MRI). Unsupervised anomaly detection methods based on autoencoder have been recently proposed for automated detection of MS lesions. However, these autoencoder-based methods were developed only for 2D images (e.g. 2D cross-sectional slices) of MRI, so do not utilize the full 3D information of MRI. In this paper, therefore, we propose a novel 3D autoencoder-based framework for detection of the lesion volume of MS in MRI. We first define a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) for full MRI volumes, and build each encoder and decoder layer of the 3D autoencoder based on 3D CNN. We also add a skip connection between the encoder and decoder layer for effective data reconstruction. In the experimental results, we compare the 3D autoencoder-based method with the 2D autoencoder models using the training datasets of 80 healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and the testing datasets of 25 MS patients from the Longitudinal multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation challenge, and show that the proposed method achieves superior performance in prediction of MS lesion by up to 15%.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2022

In our daily life, we come across different types of information, for example in the format of multimedia and text. We all need different types of information for our common routines as watching/reading the news, listening to the radio, and watching different types of videos. However, sometimes we could run into problems when a certain type of information is required. For example, someone is listening to the radio and wants to listen to jazz, and unfortunately, all the radio channels play pop music mixed with advertisements. The listener gets stuck with pop music and gives up searching for jazz. So, the above example can be solved with an automatic audio classification system. Deep Learning (DL) models could make human life easy by using audio classifications, but it is expensive and difficult to deploy such models at edge devices like nano BLE sense raspberry pi, because these models require huge computational power like graphics processing unit (G.P.U), to solve the problem, we proposed DL model. In our proposed work, we had gone for a low complexity model for Audio Event Detection (AED), we extracted Mel-spectrograms of dimension 128×431×1 from audio signals and applied normalization. A total of 3 data augmentation methods were applied as follows: frequency masking, time masking, and mixup. In addition, we designed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with spatial dropout, batch normalization, and separable 2D inspired by VGGnet [1]. In addition, we reduced the model size by using model quantization of float16 to the trained model. Experiments were conducted on the updated dataset provided by the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Events and Scenes (DCASE) 2020 challenge. We confirm that our model achieved a val_loss of 0.33 and an accuracy of 90.34% within the 132.50KB model size.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2020

Retrieving a 3D model from a 3D database and augmenting the retrieved model in the Augmented Reality system simultaneously became an issue in developing the plausible AR environments in a convenient fashion. It is considered that the sketch-based 3D object retrieval is an intuitive way for searching 3D objects based on human-drawn sketches as query. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning based approach of retrieving a sketch-based 3D object as for an Augmented Reality Model. For this work, we introduce a new method which uses Sketch CNN, Wasserstein CNN and Wasserstein center loss for retrieving a sketch-based 3D object. Especially, Wasserstein center loss is used for learning the center of each object category and reducing the Wasserstein distance between center and features of the same category. The proposed 3D object retrieval and augmentation consist of three major steps as follows. Firstly, Wasserstein CNN extracts 2D images taken from various directions of 3D object using CNN, and extracts features of 3D data by computing the Wasserstein barycenters of features of each image. Secondly, the features of the sketch are extracted using a separate Sketch CNN. Finally, we adopt sketch-based object matching method to localize the natural marker of the images to register a 3D virtual object in AR system. Using the detected marker, the retrieved 3D virtual object is augmented in AR system automatically. By the experiments, we prove that the proposed method is efficiency for retrieving and augmenting objects.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 3차원 RGB-D Xtion2 카메라를 이용하여 보행자의 골격좌표를 추출한 결과를 바탕으로 동적인 특성(속도, 가속도)을 함께 고려하여 딥러닝 모델을 통해 사람을 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문의 핵심목표는 RGB-D 카메라로 손쉽게 좌표를 추출하고 새롭게 생성한 동적인 특성을 기반으로 자체 고안한 1차원 합성곱 신경망 분류기 모델(1D-ConvNet)을 통해 자동으로 보행 패턴을 파악하는 것이다. 1D-ConvNet의 인식 정확도와 동적인 특성이 정확도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 정확도는 F1 Score를 기준으로 측정하였고, 동적인 특성을 고려한 분류기 모델(JCSpeed)과 고려하지 않은 분류기 모델(JC)의 정확도 비교를 통해 영향력을 측정하였다. 그 결과 동적인 특성을 고려한 경우의 분류기 모델이 그렇지 않은 경우보다 F1 Score가 약 8% 높게 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2020

제조 산업에서 인력은 로봇으로 대체되지만 전문 기술은 데이터 변환이 어려워 산업용 로봇에 적용이 불가능하다. 이는 비전 기반의 모션 인식 방법으로 데이터 확보가 가능하나 이미지 데이터에 따라 판단 값이 달라질 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 비전 방법을 사용해 사람의 자세를 추정 시 영향을 미치는 인자를 고려해 정확성 향상 방법을 찾고자 한다. 비전 방법 중 OpenPose의 3가지 모델 MPII, COCO 및 COCO + foot을 사용했으며, CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks)을 사용한 OpenPose 구조에서 얼굴 가림 및 이미지 전처리에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 액세서리의 유무, 이미지 크기 및 필터링을 매개 변수로 설정했다. 각 매개 변수 별 이미지 데이터를 3 가지 모델에 적용해 실제 값과 예측 값 사이 거리 오차와 PCK (Percentage of correct Keypoint)로 영향도를 판단했다. 그 결과 COCO + foot 모델은 3 가지 매개 변수에 대한 민감도가 가장 낮았다. 또한 이미지 크기는 50% (원본 3024 × 4032에서 1512 × 2016로 축소) 이상 비율이 가장 적절하며, MPII 모델만 emboss 필터링을 적용할 때 거리 오차 평균이 최대 60pixel 감소되어 향상된 결과를 얻었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1121-1141
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• 2020

We propose a robust visual object tracking algorithm fusing a convolutional neural network tracker trained offline from a large number of video repositories and a color histogram based tracker to track objects for mixing immersive audio. Our algorithm addresses the problem of occlusion and large movements of the CNN based GOTURN generic object tracker. The key idea is the offline training of a binary classifier with the color histogram similarity values estimated via both trackers used in this method to opt appropriate tracker for target tracking and update both trackers with the predicted bounding box position of the target to continue tracking. Furthermore, a histogram similarity constraint is applied before updating the trackers to maximize the tracking accuracy. Finally, we compute the depth(z) of the target object by one of the prominent unsupervised monocular depth estimation algorithms to ensure the necessary 3D position of the tracked object to mix the immersive audio into that object. Our proposed algorithm demonstrates about 2% improved accuracy over the outperforming GOTURN algorithm in the existing VOT2014 tracking benchmark. Additionally, our tracker also works well to track multiple objects utilizing the concept of single object tracker but no demonstrations on any MOT benchmark.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2024

Recently, automated solutions using collaborative robots have been emerging in various industries. Their primary functions include Pick & Place, Peg in the Hole, fastening and assembly, welding, and more, which are being utilized and researched in various fields. The application of these robots varies depending on the characteristics of the grippers attached to the end of the collaborative robots. To grasp a variety of objects, a gripper with a high degree of freedom is required. In this paper, we propose a service automation system using a multi-degree-of-freedom gripper, collaborative robots, and vision sensors. Assuming various products are placed at a checkout counter, we use three cameras to recognize the objects, estimate their pose, and create grasping points for grasping. The grasping points are grasped by the multi-degree-of-freedom gripper, and experiments are conducted to recognize barcodes, a key task in service automation. To recognize objects, we used a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) based algorithm and point cloud to estimate the object's 6D pose. Using the recognized object's 6d pose information, we create grasping points for the multi-degree-of-freedom gripper and perform re-grasping in a direction that facilitates barcode scanning. The experiment was conducted with four selected objects, progressing through identification, 6D pose estimation, and grasping, recording the success and failure of barcode recognition to prove the effectiveness of the proposed system.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.242-251
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• 2020

최근 단일 영상 초해상도에 깊은 합성 곱 신경망을 적용한 알고리듬이 많이 연구되었다. 현존하는 딥러닝 기반 초해상도 기법들은 네트워크의 후반부에 해상도를 업샘플링 하는 구조를 가진다. 이러한 구조는 저해상도에서 고해상도로 한 번에 매핑을 하기에 많은 정보를 예측하는 높은 확대율에서 비효율적인 구조를 가진다. 본 논문에서는 반복적인 업-다운 샘플링 구조를 기반으로 하여 채널 집중 잔여 밀집 블록을 이용한 단일 영상 초해상도 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리듬은 저해상도와 고해상도의 매핑 관계를 효율적으로 예측하여 높은 확대율에서 기존의 알고리듬에 비해 최대 0.14dB 성능 향상과 개선된 주관적 화질을 보여준다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.633-644
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• 2020

Rice paper is an element of Vietnamese cuisine that can be used to wrap vegetables and meat. Rice and starch are the main ingredients of rice paper and their mixing ratio is important for quality control. In a commercial factory, assessment of food safety and quantitative supply is a challenging issue. A rapid and non-destructive monitoring system is therefore necessary in commercial production systems to ensure the food safety of rice and starch flour for the rice paper wrap. In this study, fluorescence hyperspectral imaging technology was applied to classify grain flours. Using the 3D hyper cube of fluorescence hyperspectral imaging (fHSI, 420 - 730 nm), spectral and spatial data and chemometric methods were applied to detect and classify flours. Eight flours (rice: 4, starch: 4) were prepared and hyperspectral images were acquired in a 5 (L) × 5 (W) × 1.5 (H) cm container. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA), support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression tree (CART), and random forest (RF) with a few preprocessing methods (multivariate scatter correction [MSC], 1^st and 2^nd derivative and moving average) were applied to classify grain flours and the accuracy was compared using a confusion matrix (accuracy and kappa coefficient). LDA with moving average showed the highest accuracy at A = 0.9362 (K = 0.9270). 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) demonstrated a classification result of A = 0.94 and showed improved classification results between mimyeon flour (MF)1 and MF2 of 0.72 and 0.87, respectively. In this study, the potential of non-destructive detection and classification of grain flours using fHSI technology and machine learning methods was demonstrated.