• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2016

In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of R&D investment efficiency and operational efficiency of IT firms using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We categorized thirteen sample firms into two groups-IT manufacturing and IT service-after an extensive literature review on IT industry classification. We adopted an output-oriented two-stage DEA model suggested by Banker et al. (1984) with total asset and R&D investment as input variables. Then, we constructed investment efficiency and operational efficiency by using Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Asset (ROA) as intervening variables and operating income and Earnings Per Share (EPS) as output variables. The outcome of the analysis is summarized as follows. First of all, IT manufacturing firms were more efficient (57% on average) than IT service firms. To be specific, IT service firms showed decreasing returns to scale (DRS) with diseconomy of scale. In contrast, IT service firms showed higher operational efficiency (81.5% on average) than IT manufacturing firms. Also, we conducted a Mann-Whitney U test to compare the output of IT service firms and IT manufacturing firms. Lastly, we found a negative correlation ($R^2$ = -.754) between R&D investment efficiency and operational efficiency which infers the trade-off between two constructs

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

This paper presents sensitivity analysis results of strain on notches under cycling loading to 2-D finite element density considering plasticity. Cylindrical notched specimens having some stress concentrations were modeled with 2-D axisymmetrical finite element having various finite element densities. Elasto-plastic finite element analysis was performed for the various finite element models subjected to cycling loading considering plasticity. The finite element analysis results were compared to investigate sensitivity of the finite element analysis variables such as von-Mises effective stress, accumulated equivalent plastic strain, and equivalent plastic strain to 2-D finite element density. As a result of the comparison, it was found that the accumulated equivalent plastic strain is more sensitive than the others whereas the von-Mises effective stress is much less sensitive.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2284-2291
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• 2018

This paper deals with optimum design of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) for automotive component. For a compact system structure, it was designed as a motor with a 14-pole 12-slot concentrated winding and hollow shaft. The motor is a thin type structure which stator outer diameter is relatively large compared to its axial length and is designed to have a high magnetic saturation for increasing the torque density. Since the high magnetic saturation in the stator core increases the axial leakage flux, a 3-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is indispensable for torque analysis. However, optimum designs using 3-D FEA is inefficient in terms of time and cost. Therefore, equivalent 2-D FEA which is able to consider axial leakage flux is applied to the optimization to overcome the disadvantages of 3-D FEA. The structure for cost reduction is proposed and optimum design using equivalent 2-D FEA has been performed.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Collaborative research and development (R&D) has been encouraged based on the belief that knowledge spill-over is mutually beneficial for partners. Although the benefits are supported by science and technology policy research, the risk of R&D collaboration has not been extensively discussed. Two independent studies suggest that there are risks associated with the overuse of collaborative research frameworks. Two sets of R&D collaboration data were analyzed: between the national bio-technology research program and 1) Data Envelop Analysis (DEA), and 2) between Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). In the case of SFA, output measures were integrated into a single output, with weights extracted from research programme managers' responses to the questionnaire. While the DEA result demonstrated the inefficiency of collaborative research, SFA did not. Unlike previous research highlighting risks associated with disclosing proprietary R&D and potential conflict of interest, our study indicates that the transaction's social cost affects collaborative research efficiency. Therefore, governments promoting R&D collaborations should be carefully managed, and policy makers must reconsider the strict conditions governing compulsory collaborative R&D programs.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.151-156
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• 2007

In December 2006, 2D surface streamer and Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) data were acquired in the Ulleung basin in Korea where strong Bottom Simulating Reflectors (BSR) were shown as a result of 2D and 3D multichannel (MCS) reflection survey. The aim of this study is to provide another reliable source for estimating P wave velocity around BSR depth using OBS data in addition to velocity information from 2D surface seismic data. Four OBSs were deployed and four 20-km shot lines which pass two OBSs respectively were designed. To derive P wave velocity profile, interactive interval velocity analysis using ${\tau}$-p trajectory matching method (Kumar, 2005) was used for OBS data and semblance analysis was used for surface data. The seismic profiles cross the OBS instruments in two different directions yield recordings for four different azimuths. This raised the confidence for the results. All velocity profiles in the vicinity of BSR depth of four OBS sites show almost definite velocity changes which we could consider as upper BSR and free gas layer. Making comparison between velocity from OBS and that from 2D seismic semblance velocity analysis gives consistency in result.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2015

The $2^{nd}$ generation ice accretion analysis program has been developed and validated for various icing conditions. The essential feature of the $2^{nd}$ generation code lies in its capability of handling general 3-D geometry and improved accuracy. The entire velocity fields are obtained based on Navier-Stokes equations in order to take the massively separated flow field into account. Unlike $1^{st}$ generation code, the droplet trajectories are calculated using Eulerian approach, which is adopted to yield appropriate collection efficiency even in the shadow region. For improved thermodynamic analysis on the surfaces, water film model and modified Messinger model are newly included in the present analysis. The ice shape for a given time step is obtained by considering the exact amount of ice accreted on the surface. Each module of the icing analysis code has been seamlessly integrated on the OpenFOAM platform. The developed code was validated against available experimental data for 2D airfoils and 3D DLR-F4. Due to the lack of experimental data, the computed results of DLR-F4 were compared with those obtained from FENSAP-ICE, which is state-of-the-art 3D icing analysis code. It was clearly shown that the present code produces comparable results to those of FENSAP-ICE, in terms of prediction accuracy and the capability of handling general 3-D geometries.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.594-596
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• 2012

D2D 통신은 이동통신 단말 간 직접통신을 지원함으로써 단말 간 통신 성능과 무선자원의 사용효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 D2D 단말이 기존 이동통신망의 무선자원을 재사용하는 경우 발생할 수 있는 간섭의 영향과 그로 인한 이동통신망의 통신성능을 분석한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 D2D 단말의 위치, 송신전력, 페어 간 거리에 따른 이동통신 및 D2D 통신의 성능변화를 확인하였으며, 해당 결과는 향후 D2D 간섭완화 관련 연구를 위한 참고자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Frequency domain analysis is a fundamental procedure for understanding the characteristics of visual data. Several studies have been conducted with 2D videos, but analysis of stereoscopic 3D videos is rarely carried out. In this paper, we derive the Fourier transform of a simplified 3D video signal and analyze how a 3D video is influenced by disparity and motion in terms of temporal aliasing. It is already known that object motion affects temporal frequency characteristics of a time-varying image sequence. In our analysis, we show that a 3D video is influenced not only by motion but also by disparity. Based on this conclusion, we present a temporal anti-aliasing filter for a 3D video. Since the human process of depth perception mainly determines the quality of a reproduced 3D image, 2D image processing techniques are not directly applicable to 3D images. The analysis presented in this paper will be useful for reducing undesirable visual artifacts in 3D video as well as for assisting the development of relevant technologies.

• Composites Research
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

VARTM공정에서는 수지유동을 빠르게 하기 위해 투과촉진층이 사용되는데 투과촉진층과 섬유층 사이의 수지 속도차가 크다. VARTM제품은 길이에 비해서 두께가 얇으나 두 가지 다른 유통 매질 사이에 발생하는 lead-lag 유통을 관찰하기 위해서는 두께 방향을 고려한 3차원해석이 요구된다. 그런데 3차원 해석에 있어서 계산 시간이 문제가 된다. 일반 PC로 절점수가 많은 3차원 문제를 해석하려면 오랜 시간이 소요되므로 비실용적이다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 dual-scale 기법을 도입하여 전체 영역은 2.5차원으로 해석하고 주요한 관심 영역만을 3차원으로 해석하였다. 2.5차원 시뮬레이션만으로 예측하기 어려운 lead-lag 유동과 같은 특이한 유동 경향을 국부적인 3차인 해석을 통해서 발견학 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 global-local 해석기술은 일반 PC에서 적당한 계산 시간 내에 균일하지 않은 유동 매질 사이를 지나는 유동흐름의 특성 분석에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

To increase the data capacity of one-dimensional symbology, 2D barcodes have been proposed a decade ago. In this paper, a new 2D barcode detection algorithm based on Local Binary Pattern is presented. To locate 2D barcode symbols, a texture analysis scheme based on the Local Binary Pattern is adopted, and a gray-scale projection with sub-pixel operation is utilized to separate the symbol precisely from the input image. Finally, the segmented symbol is normalized using the inverse perspective transformation for the decoding process. The proposed method ensures high performances under various lighting/printing conditions and strong perspective deformations. Experiments show that our method is very robust and efficient in detecting the symbol area for the various types of 2D barcodes.