• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1195-1202
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• 1997

Iodine-rich seaweed soup has been traditionally supplied to postpartum women in Korea. This dietary habit might introduce over-intake of iodine above the recommended requirements, and might provoke postpartum thyroid dysfunction. Although the response to excess iodine intake is highly variable, goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroiditis could follow the daily intake of 1,500$\mu\textrm{g}$ of iodine. A few studies are available concerning iodine toxicity in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the dietary intake of iodine and thyroid function change as well as the incidence of postpartum thyroiditis. One hundred and thirty-seven postpartum women who had experienced normal deliveries were studied. Dietary intake of iodine and excretion concentration of iodine in breast milk and maternal urine were measured . Serum T$_3$, T$_4$, TSH, anti-thyroglobulin antibody, and anti-microsomal antibody were anlayzed 1 week before delivery and 1, 6, 12, and24 weeks after delivery. Iodine intake was analyzed by one-to-one interviews using 24-hr recall and a food frequncy questionnaire. The result showed that the intake of dietary iodine before delivery and 1 and24 weeks after delivery were 483$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, 3367$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, and 1069$\mu\textrm{g}$/day, respectively. The concentration of iodine in urine at the first week after delivery was 63$\mu\textrm{g}$/dL, and 23.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/dL in breast milk . The levels of serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ before delivery were 2.01ng/mL and 11.49$\mu\textrm{g}$U/dL, respectively, showing that the levels were gradually dropping to normal values after delivery. Positive serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody and anti-microsomal antibody appeared in 3 cases. After a 24 week follow-up period , 6 women(10.3%) experienced cases of postpartum thyroiditis, 5 of which were cases of hyperthyroidism and one of which was a case of hypothyroidism. These figures of postpartum thyroiditis are similar to those of other countries.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2003

The present study was performed to assess nutritional status of thiamin in 104 elementary school children, living in rural areas of Chungbuk. Dietary intake was obtained by 24 hour recall method and blood was collected to analyze the transketolase activity in erythrocytes. Average dietary intake of thiamin was found to be adequate (1.l5mg, 109.2％ of RDA), even though dietary intake of energy was not more than 1,719kcal, 81.5％ of RDA. Transketolase activity in erythrocytes was distributed in the range of 0.294-0.744mU/mgHb and the mean value was 0.540mU/mgHb. The mean value of TPP effect was 7.9％ and the range was 0-77.4％. It appeared that 7.7％ of children were deficient in thiamin, severely or marginally. There were no significant correlations between transketolase activity and dietary thiamin intake, and between TPP effect and dietary thiamin intake. Mean DVS (Dietary variety score) of the children was 14.2${\pm}$3.2 and DVS was apparently correlated with thiamin intake.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.468-478
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and depression in postmenopausal women using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The KNHANES is a cross-sectional nationwide health and nutrition survey. Dietary data, including omega-3 fatty acids, were assessed using the 24-h recall method. Depression was evaluated using a survey questionnaire. The association between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and depression was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Depression, according to the dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake, was expressed as the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 4,150 postmenopausal women were included in the analysis. RESULTS: In the fully-adjusted model, the group with the highest dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake significantly showed lower prevalence of depression than the group with the lowest intake (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33-0.83); a significant linear trend was detected (P for trend = 0.04). According to the dose-response analysis using cubic restricted spline regression, this association was linear and monotonic (P for non-linearity = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake in postmenopausal women was inversely proportional to depression in a dose-response manner. Large cohort studies are needed to verify the causality between omega-3 fatty acids and depression in Korean postmenopausal women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.48-61
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Magnesium is an essential nutrient for human health. However, inadequate intake is commonly reported worldwide. Along with reduced consumption of vegetables and fruits and increased consumption of refined or processed foods, inadequate magnesium intake is increasingly reported as a serious problem. This study aimed to assess magnesium intake, its dietary sources, and the adequacy of magnesium intake in Korean populations. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data was obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2019 and included individuals aged ≥1 yr who had participated in a nutrition survey (n=28,418). Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall, and dietary magnesium intake was estimated using a newly established magnesium database. Diet adequacy was evaluated by comparing dietary intake with the estimated average requirement (EAR) suggested in the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes 2020. RESULTS: The mean dietary magnesium intake of Koreans aged ≥1 yr was 300.4 mg/d, which was equivalent to 119.8% of the EAR. The prevalence of individuals whose magnesium intake met the EAR was 56.8%. Inadequate intake was observed more in females, adolescents and young adults aged 12-29 yrs, elders aged ≥65 yrs, and individuals with low income. About four-fifths of the daily magnesium came from plant-based foods, and the major food groups contributing to magnesium intake were grains (28.3%), vegetables (17.6%), and meats (8.4%). The top 5 individual foods that contributed to magnesium intake were rice, Baechu (Korean cabbage) kimchi, tofu, pork, and milk. However, the contribution of plant foods and individual contributing food items differed slightly by sex and age groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the mean dietary magnesium intake among Koreans was above the recommended intake, whereas nearly one in 2 Koreans had inadequate magnesium intake. To better understand the status of magnesium intake, further research is required, which includes the intake of dietary supplements.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 1994

Dietary iodine intake and urinary iodide excretion were meassured from 110 patients with various thyroid hormone diseses(hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, simple goiter and thyroid adenoma) and 67 normal control subjects. Iodine intake was assessed on the 24-hour recall dietary data using the compiled lists of food iodine values developed from various countries. Urinary iodide concentrations of drink water samples were measured with the iodide-selective electrode. The average iodine intake of the thyroid patients was 411$\mu\textrm{g}$, which was 87% higher(p<0.05) than that of the control subjects(220$\mu\textrm{g}$). Patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism or simple goiter excreted the most(0.6442ppm) amount of iodide respectively in the urine, with the control subject in the middle(0.5229ppm). Iodide concentrations of the drinking water samples were found to be in the range of 0.0015ppm to 0.0214ppm, which seemed to vary depending on the kind(underground water vs public water) and the location.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.920-928
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• 2001

Malnutrition is a common problem in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(HD) and compromised food intake is an important cause. Malnutrition is one of the important factors influencing mortality in chronic HD patients. We investigated the nutritional parameters of 50 Korean HD patients(mean age: 46.9 $\pm$ 10.3y, men : 23, women : 27) by measuring anthropometric and biochemical blood indices and assessing food intake using 24-h recall method. Also we administered two questionnaires, one for assessing nutritional knowledge about renal disease and dietary therapy, the other for measuring dietary habits related to dietary therapy. According to the distribution of BMI, 21.3% of HD patients were underweight. The hematological values of HD patients, such as plasma hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total lymphocyte count were below the normal range. The serum cholesterol levels were 133.2 $\pm$ 30.5mg/dl. HD patients took energy and protein only 77.5% and 83.1%, respectively, of their RDA. There were significantly positive correlations between nutritional knowledge and intake of nutrients, such as energy, fat, cholesterol, iron, potassium, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, and niacin. Also, there was a significantly positive correlation between nutritional knowledge and dietary habits(r = 0.317, p < 0.05). In conclusion, Korean HD patients showed mild malnutrition and suboptimal nutrition intake. It can be postulated that the dietary intake can be increased by nutrition education improving nutritional knowledge and correcting the dietary habits of HD patients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1380-1390
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• 1999

To assess the food intake and diet quality of preschool children in Pusan, dietary survey was conducted with 176 subjects using 24hr recall method. Diet quality was assessed by food group pattern, dietary diversity score(DDS), dietary variety score(DVS), and dietary frequency score(DFS). The total number of food items consumed was 307. The foods consumed most frequently were rice, Korean cabbage kimchi, milk and green onion. When investigating the consumption pattern of major six food groups, 38.1% of subjects consumed all six groups. Food group was missed in order of fruit(41.5%), sweet(19.9%), dairy(16.5), vegetable(4.5%) and meat(1.7%). The mean values of DDS, DVS, and DFS were 5.16, 13.82, and 16.07 re spectively. Persons who had higher DDSs also had higher DVSs(p<0.001). DDS, DVS and DFS correlated positively with NAR(nutrient adequacy ratio) and MAR(mean adequacy ratio) significantly. Associations between the NAR of most nutrients and MAR with DVS and DFS were higher than those between the NAR of most nutrients and MAR with DDS. People with DDS of above 6 or DVS of above 16 or DFS of above 21 met two thirds of recommended dietary allowance for nutrients. Based on the result of the food group intake, the food intake of subjects was not adequate, especially the fruit and dairy groups. When assessing the dietary quality of subjects using DDS, DVS and DFS, many people appeared not to have a desirable food intake.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.520-528
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the intake of dietary cholesterol and its major food sources in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: A total of 20,671 nationally representative sample who had 24-hour recall data from the KNHANES VI (2013-2015) was included in this study. Mean cholesterol intake and the prevalence of subjects with cholesterol intake over the Intake Goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Koreans were analyzed. Intakes of cholesterol by food groups or each food were calculated to find out the major food sources for cholesterol intake in Koreans. Results: The mean dietary cholesterol intake was 261.3 mg, which was higher in men (303.5 mg) compared to women (219.1 mg). Dietary cholesterol intake and the prevalence of subjects with cholesterol intake over the Intake Goal of DRIs were the highest in the 19-29 year old group. The eggs was the first major food group source for cholesterol intake in all age groups. Major food sources for cholesterol intake among Korean were egg, chicken, pork, squid and beef, which contributed 66.9% to total cholesterol intake. Conclusions: Although the mean dietary cholesterol intake was under 300 mg, the prevalence of subjects with cholesterol intake over the Intake Goal of DRIs was about 30% in adults. Because both the mean intake and the prevalence of subjects with cholesterol intake over the Intake Goal of DRIs were higher in young adult groups, the dietary cholesterol intake was expected to be increased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.507-516
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to estimate seasonal variation of riboflavin status and investigate the relationship between riboflavin intake and its biochemical status in rural women. Dietary intake was measured by determining both 24hr recall method and conventient method. The riboflavin intake was also estimated by food frequency method. Ribofiavin biochemeical status was assessed by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient(EGR AC) and urinary riboflavin excretion. All information was repeatly collected in three seasons ; farming season (June), harvest season(October), nonfarming season(February). Mean daily riboflavin intake was below RDA for Koreans in all seasons. Cereal & pulse, vegetable were the primary sources of riboflavin intake and provided above 60% of the total dietary riboflavin intake in all seasons. Riboflavin biochemical status was significantly different among seasons(EGR AC P<0.005, 24hr urinary riboflavin excretion P<0.05), and riboflavin biochemical deficiency was highest in February. The mean values of EGR AC revealed riboflavin deficiency in all seasons. However the mean values of urinary riboflavin excretion were within the normal range except 24hr urinary riboflavin excretion in February. On the basis of EGR AC criteria, 44.7% of subjects were at risk of deficiency in June, 44.7% in October, 81.6% in February. Result of individual riboflavin status assessed by EGR AC or 24hr urinary riboflavin excretion criteria was quite alike. Urinary riboflavin excretion per gram of creatinine underestimated riboflavin deficiency. Significant correlations were observed among biochemical indexes. It also appeared that riboflavin intake measured by food frequency method showed significant correlation with biochemical indexes, especially high correlation with EGR AC (P<0.001). The results indicated that the prevalence of riboflavin deficiency seems to be high among rural women in all seasons and the inadequacy of dietary riboflavin intake was reflected in the abnormalcy of riboflavin biochemical status assessed by EGR, AC. Therefore EGR AC seems to be more sensitive measure of impaired riboflavin status compared to urinary excretion.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the dietary habits, nutrient intake, and health status and to explore the relationship between dietary habits and health status in the middle-aged men and women. The subjects consisted of 220 men and 220 women aged 40-59 years old. Dietary habits and nutrient intake were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and 24 hours dietary recall method by personal interview. Percent of body fat, serum cholesterol, and serum triglyceride level were measured. The middle aged adults who had breakfast and meals irregularly were more than 60% of the study subjects. The middle aged men had meals habits significantly more irregularly than the middle aged women. The middle aged men had high fat meat intake more frequently than the middle aged women. The middle aged men had significantly high energy and protein intake more than the middle aged women but the middle aged women had significantly high carbohydrate intake more than the middle aged men and tended to consume milk higher than the middle aged men. The middle aged adults who had high body fat tended to overeat food, to have high fat meat and processed food intake more frequently than those who had low body fat. The middle aged adults who had high serum cholesterol and triglyceride level tended to overeat food and to have processed food intake more frequently than those who had low serum cholesterol and triglyceride level. The middle aged adults who had regular meals habits. tended to have low serum triglyceride level than those who had irregular meals habits.