• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.687-694
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• 1997

This study investigated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the nutritional iron status of 31 adolescent girls, aged 12-15 years, with low hemoglobin levels. They were randomly divided into four groups, and for two groups daily150mg or 900mg of L-ascorbic acid(AsA) was given in three equal doses at three meals during 9 weeks. To another group daily 60mg iron as ferrous sulfate was given in the same way as AsA. The control group was given sugar placebo. Body iron status was monitored through the determination of Hb, Hct, MCHC, and serum ferritin concentrations. Dietary AsA and iron intakes were measured from food consumption surveys performed by 3-day 24-hour recalls. The amount of absorbed iron was estimated from the model of Monsen et al. The average amounts of food iron for four groups were 12.3- 15.0mg and 11.1 - 18.9mg at initial and at final period of the supplementation trial, respectively. The tentatively estimated amount of absorbed iron was significantly increased in the 900mg AsA and iron supplementing groups, but not in the 150mg AsA and placebo groups. Both Hb and MCHC were improved to above normal levels in all groups except the placebo group. Hct was elevated only in the AsA 900mg group whose Hct was relatively lower than the other groups. Serum ferritin concentrations of the four groups, which were as low as 8.50 - 14.39ng/mL on average at the intial periods, augmented significantly to 20.18ng/mL and 26.63ng/mL in the 900mg AsA and iron groups, respectively. Serum ferritin was not elevated in either the AsA 300mg group or the placebo group. The above data indicated that the daily supplementaion of 150mg AsA to the meals containing 12-15mg iron per day promoted Hb levels of adolescent girls with low Hb, and the 900mg AsA supplementing improved not only Hb level but also body iron store. A supplementation of 60mg iron per day appeared to be slightly more effective in improving the iron status in comparison to the 900mg AsA supplement. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 687-694, 1997)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2014

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate dietary intake among female breast cancer survivors in a cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 127 women who had breast cancer surgery at least 6 months before baseline were included. Dietary intake of female breast cancer survivors was assessed through self-reported 3 day-dietary records. To compare dietary intake between breast cancer survivors and general female population without cancer, we selected the 1:4 age matched women from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). In the KNHANES, participants were asked about their dietary intake using the 24-hour dietary recalls. We also examined whether dietary intake varied by age group, cancer stage, or time since surgery among breast cancer survivors. We used the generalized linear model to compare their dietary intakes. Results: Intakes of total energy, beta-carotene, folate, vitamin C, plant iron and fruits were lower among breast cancer survivors with longer time since surgery compared to those with shorter time (p<0.05). Breast cancer patients with higher stage at diagnosis tended to consume less legumes (p=0.01) than those with lower stage. When we compared dietary intake between breast cancer survivors and the general female population without cancer, breast cancer survivors were more likely to consume most of macro- and micro-nutrients in larger quantity (p<0.05) and adhere to healthier diet characterized by higher intakes of legumes, seed and nuts, vegetables and fishes and shells than the general female population who never had been diagnosed with cancer (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our study results suggested that the intakes of nutrients and foods varied by time since surgery and cancer stage among breast cancer survivors and dietary intakes among breast cancer survivors differed from that in the general population. Further prospective studies are warranted to explore the association between dietary intakes of specific food items and survival among Korean breast cancer survivors.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.554-562
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine differences in nutrient intake and food consumption by the presence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Study subjects in this cross-sectional study were recruited from four outpatient clinics in and near the Seoul metropolitan area of South Korea between 2006 and 2012. A total of 668 subjects (413 men and 255 women) aged ${\geq}30y$ were included in the final data analyses. For each subject, daily nutrient intake and food consumption were calculated using three days of dietary intake data obtained from a combination of 24-hour recalls and dietary records. To evaluate food consumption, mean number of servings consumed per day and percentages of recommended number of servings for six food groups were calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The general linear model was performed to examine differences in nutrient intake and food consumption by sex and the presence of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Nutrient intake did not differ by the presence of metabolic syndrome in both men and women. Men with metabolic syndrome had lower consumption and percentage of the recommendation for fruits compared with those without metabolic syndrome (1.6 vs. 1.1 servings/day, P-value = 0.001; 63.5 vs. 49.5%, P-value = 0.013). Women with metabolic syndrome showed lower consumption and percentage of the recommendation for dairy foods than those without metabolic syndrome (0.8 vs. 0.5 servings/day, P-value = 0.001; 78.6 vs. 48.9%, P-value = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Low intakes of fruits and dairy foods might be associated with the risk of having metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Dietary advice on increasing consumption of these foods is needed to prevent and attenuate the risk of metabolic syndrome.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.234-252
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• 2024

Objectives: This study examined the intake of energy and macronutrients among elementary, middle, and high school students according to household income before the COVID-19 pandemic (2016-2019), during the social distancing period (2020-2021), and after the social distancing measures were lifted (2022). Methods: We included 5,217 students aged 5-18 from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2016 and 2022. Dietary intake was assessed using one-day 24-hour dietary recalls. We estimated the least squares means (LS-means) of intake according to household income for each period using a weighted linear regression model, adjusted for age and sex. Differences in LS-means between the periods were analyzed using the t-test. Results: During the social distancing period, the LS-means of energy intake among students decreased significantly by 143.2 kcal/day compared to pre-pandemic levels (P < 0.001). Students from low-income households experienced a more pronounced decrease in energy intake (-379.1 kcal/day, P < 0.001) and macronutrient intake compared to those from other income groups. Energy intake at school significantly declined for all income groups during the social distancing period compared to before the pandemic. No significant changes in home energy intake were observed among low-income students, whereas there was an increase for students from higher-income groups. Before the pandemic, 8.5% of students from low-income households reported insufficient food due to economic difficulties; this figure rose to 21.3% during the pandemic. Conclusions: During the pandemic, students from low-income families experienced significantly lower intake of energy and macronutrients compared to pre-pandemic levels. The most substantial reductions were noted among low-income students, largely due to the lack of compensation for decreased school-based intake with increased intake at home.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.530-538
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• 2008

초등학생들의 음료수 섭취실태를 살펴보고 우유 및 가당 음료수섭취가 아동들의 영양소섭취와 비만도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 경남의 초등학생 160명을 대상으로 2006년 6월부터 7월까지 신체계측을 실시하고, 정량적 빈도법을 이용하여 음료수섭취량을 조사하였다. 또 24시간 회상법을 사용하여 비연속적으로 3일간의 영양소섭취량을 조사하였다. 조사대상 아동들의 음료수의 총 섭취빈도는 1개월에 93.5회로 하루 평균 3.1회 정도였다. 음료수 중, 우유섭취빈도가 가장 높았는데 1개월에 36회로 하루 평균 1회 이상 우유를 섭취하였으며 다음으로 주스, 발효유, 탄산음료의 순이었다. 또 총 음료수 섭취량은 하루 평균 626.6 mL였고, 이 중 우유를 가장 많이 섭취하였고(253.8 mL), 다음으로 주스(133.6 mL), 탄산음료(77.7 mL)의 순이었다. 또 우유와 두유를 제외한 가당 음료수 섭취량은 359.7 mL였다. 전체 음료수 섭취열량은 328.5 kcal로, 하루 섭취열량의 20.3%였으며, 우유 및 두유로부터 섭취한 열량은 하루 섭취열량의 9.8%였고, 가당 음료는 10.5%였다. 남녀 아동별로 비교해 보았을 때 가당 음료로부터 얻는 열량의 비율이 여자가 13.5%, 남자가 7.7%로 여자가 남자에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 가당 음료수를 섭취하는 빈도와 이로 부터 얻는 열량이 높을수록 단백질, 비타민 A, 나이아신의 섭취량이 낮아서 아동들의 식사의 질이 낮았을 가능성이 있었다. 그러나 우유 및 두유 섭취빈도는 아동들의 영양섭취와 상관이 없었다. 우유 및 두유 섭취빈도가 높을 수록 키는 컸고, 체지방비와 WHR은 낮았으며 우유 및 두유섭취량이 많을수록, 체지방비와 WHR은 낮았다. 또 우유 및 두유로 부터의 섭취열량이 많을수록 WHR은 낮았지만, 가당 음료수 섭취는 신체계측치와 상관이 없었다. 결론적으로 초등학생들의 경우 우유 및 두유 섭취빈도는 아동들의 영양소섭취와 상관이 없었고, 우유 및 두유섭취량이 많을수록 체지방비와 WKR은 낮았다. 반면에 가당 음료수 섭취가 영양적인 측면에서 식사의 질을 저하시킬 가능성은 있었지만, 아동의 비만도와는 관련이 없었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.277-291
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• 2021

본 연구는 2019년 7월 충남지역 220명의 산업체 남성근로자를 대상으로 건강관리 실천, 식행동 및 영양소섭취실태를 조사하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 알코올의존도 분석 결과, '정상음주군'은 84명(38.2%), '문제음주군' 45명 (20.4%), '알코올의존 I군' 60명 (27.3%), '알코올의존 II군' 31명 (14.1%)이었다. 조사대상자의 평균연령은 45.42 ± 10.63세이며, 연령이 높아질수록 알코올의존도가 유의적으로 낮아졌다. 건강관리 실천의 총점은 50점 중 34.66점, 평균값은 3.47점이었다. 알코올의존도에 따라 '정상음주군', '문제음주군', '알코올의존 I군', '알코올의존 II군'의 순으로 건강관리 실천 수준이 유의하게 낮아졌다. 하위항목 중 '매일 2 L이상의 수준을 섭취하고 있다'는 '문제음주군'이, '평소 6시간 이상의 충분한 수면을 한다', '나는 긍정적인 생활습관을 가지고 있다', '적정한 체형유지를 위해 노력한다', '가까운 거리는 차를 이용하지 않고 걸어 다닌다', '전반적으로 건강하다'는 '정상음주군'이 유의적으로 높았다. 식행동의 총점은 65점 중 44.71점, 평균값은 3.44점이었다. 알코올의존도에 따라 '정상음주군', '문제음주군', '알코올의존 I군', '알코올의존 II군'의 순으로 알코올의존수준이 높아 질수록 식행동 수준이 유의하게 낮아졌다. '식사할 때 소금이나 간장을 넣지 않는다'와 '채소를 먹는 습관이 중요하다'는 '문제음주군'이 유의적으로 높았으나, '식사할 때 채소를 골고루 먹는다', '평소 과일을 자주 먹는다', '식사할 때 과식하지 않는다', '식사 전에 손을 깨끗이 씻는다', '식사 후에 양치질을 한다'는 '정상음주군'이 유의적으로 높았다. 영양소섭취량은 '알코올의존 I군'의 '에너지' (2,472.48 kcal), '비타민 E' (23.98 mg), '비타민 C' (69.05 mg), '니아신' (17.56 mg) 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았다. 관련요인 및 영양소섭취상태 간의 상관관계에서 '연령'은 '알코올의존도'와 음의 상관관계 (r = -0.213), '알코올의존도'는 '건강관리 실천' (r = -0.212), '식행동' (r = -0.199)과 음의 상관관계, '건강관리 실천'은 '식행동' (r = 0.526)과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. '알코올의존도'는 '에너지' (r = 0.168), '수분' (r = 0.160)과 양의 상관관계, '건강관리 실천'은 '칼슘'과 양의 상관관계 (r = 0.138), '식행동'은 '칼슘' (r =0.139), '비타민 C' (r = 0.148), '리보플라빈' (r = 0.140), '엽산' (r = 0.136)과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과, 충남지역 산업체 남성근로자의 문제음주자 비율이 높은 수준으로 근로자의 건강관리실천, 식행동 및 영양소섭취에 영향을 주고 있었다. 특히, 알코올의존도가 높을수록 모든 지표가 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 근로자들의 건강유지와 근무만족도를 높일 수 있는 음주교육 및 건강 프로그램의 시행이 요구된다.