• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.1593-1598
• /
• 2011

Blue fluorescent materials based on 9,9'-diethyl-2-diphenylaminofluorene derivatives were synthesized and characterized. These materials were used as the blue dopant materials for the emitting layer of organic light-emitting diode devices with the following device structure: ITO/DNTPD (40 nm)/NPB (20 nm)/MADN: dopants (2%, 20 nm)/$Alq_3$ (40 nm)/Liq (1.0 nm)/Al. All devices exhibited highly efficient blue emission. One of these devices exhibited a maximum luminance, luminous efficiency, power efficiency and CIE x, y coordinates of 8400 $cd/m^2$, 8.10 cd/A at 20 $mA/cm^2$, 3.36 lm/W at 20 $mA/cm^2$ and (0.151, 0.159), respectively. A deep blue device with CIE coordinates of (0.152, 0.139) showed the maximum luminance, luminous efficiency and power efficiency of 8630 $cd/m^2$, 6.31 cd/A at 20$mA/cm^2$ and 2.62 lm/W at 20 $mA/cm^2$, respectively.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 1975

Silkworm is known to be damaged under the unfavorable environmental conditions. Recently, it has been often argued that nicotine is a main factor to affect the silkworm nutritional balance and to result in decrease of quantitative characters, and unbalance of larval nutrition. Especially in spring season, there is tendency to produce nicotine damage to silkworm fed with the mulberry leaf near to tobacco field early cultivated in mulching system. In these connections, the trial was made in the different pots placing by the different distance 10rn, 20m, 40m, and 60m in the direction of east-north from the tobacco field. Location of pot near to the tobacco fold is 40m below the tobacco Held and gradually higher than the tobacco field by 10 degree of slope. In addition, when the mulberry field is divided into two areas from the east-south to west-north, southern east zone is lowering down below 10 degree of slope and has 36％ of east-south wind, 21％ of south-east wind and 16％ of south wind, etc. Pots are left on the mulberry field from the completion of lower part leaf harvest to just before upper part leaf harvest is completed for 32 days. Then silkworm at 4th-5th stage was fed with the leaf grown during the period and larval characters are statistically analyzed. The results are summarized as follows： 1. 10-40m distant pot statistically at the same level has the longest larval duration and 60m distant pot is. not significant at 5％ level. Whole larval duration has same tendency as in the 5th larval duration. 2. Percentage of delayed molting larvae at the 5th stage is increased in 10m distant pot and there is no significance statistically in other pots, as compared with that of control. 3. It is not showed that there is no damage to mortality of the old larvae in 60m distant pot. 4. 10-20m distant pot produces a low pupation and others are at the same level statistically at 5％ significance, 5. It is showed that nicotine damage is occurred in single cocoon freight and cocoon shell weight up to 60m distant pot, rather higher damage in cocoon shell weight than in single cocoon weight. 6. It is showed that cocoon yield from 10, 000 molted larvae including double cocoon is decreased up to 40m distant pot far from the tobacco field in which 40％ of cocoon yield in 10m distant pot by 7kg, 26％ of cocoon yield in 20m distant pot by 3.9kg, 24％ of cocoon yield in 40m distant pot by 3.6kg, and 12％ of cocoon yield in 60m distant pot by 1.8kg, as compared with control. However, there is no significance statistically at 5％ level in 60m distant pot. With these above results, it is concluded that nicotine da mage could be occurred in cocoon yield and cocoon quality up to 60m distant far from the tobacco field.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2008

Growth and survival rates dependent on the density of a pen sell, Atrina pectinata were measured from Duekryang bay in Korea. Annual water temperature and salinity of the study area were ranged from 14.5 to $28.0^{\circ}C$ and from 27.98 to 31.89 psu, respectively. The pH, DO, COD, DIN, Chl-a and SPM in the study area ranged from 7.78-8.35 mg/L, 7.07-7.90 mg/L, 1.20-1.70 mg/L, 2.88-6.02 mg/L, 0.20-0.79 mg/L and 10.8-21.4 mg/L. The IL, COD and AVS in sediments ranged from 4.0-4.6%, 7.28-10.76 mg/L and 0.03-0.05 mg/L respectively. The daily growth rate of shell height and total weight were 0.27%, 0.33%(5 indiv./$m^2$), 0.26, 0.29%(10 indiv./$m^2$) and 0.21, 0.20%(35 indiv./$m^2$). The survival rate also decreased along the density gradient; highest at the lowest density of 5 indiv./$m^2$ and lowest at the maximum density of 35 indiv./$m^2$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.318-325
• /
• 2010

Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of the amino acids glycine and cysteine on cryopreservation of ram spermatozoa. After primary evaluation of collected ejaculates, the semen samples were pooled and diluted 1:4 before cooling (experiment 1) and freezing (experiment 2) with Tris-Citrate-Fructose-Yolk (TCFY) extender supplemented with different concentrations of glycine and cysteine (5, 10, 15 and 20 mM). As the control, semen was diluted and frozen in the extender without amino acids. Motility, viability and membrane integrity were assessed as the parameters for semen quality in the first experiment. In the second experiment, motility, progressive motility, viability, membranes and acrosome integrity were evaluated after the freezing-thawing process. The results of the first experiment indicated that the addition of 10 and 15 mM cysteine compared to the control (basic) extender significantly increased (p<0.01) the motility, viability and membrane integrity of spermatozoa after cooling. However, further increasing these amino acids up to 20 mM had a significant negative effect (p<0.05). Our results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between 5 mM glycine compared to 5 mM cysteine and between 20 mM glycine and 20 mM cysteine. The results of experiment 2 showed that the amino acids significantly improved post-thaw motility, progressive motility, viability, membranes and acrosome integrity of ram spermatozoa. These positive effects were observed at concentrations between 5 to 15 mM of glycine and cysteine, with the best results at 15 mM. Further increasing of amino acid concentrations significantly decreased the post-thaw characteristics of spermatozoa, but the results showed that cysteine was better than glycine and control extenders. The data indicated that addition of glycine or cysteine to the freezing extender can be recommended for cryopreservation of ram spermatozoa. However, further studies are still needed to determine the effect of such addition on fertility in farm animals.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.1409-1412
• /
• 1999

The spectrophotometric determination method of scandium with eriochrome cyanine R (ECR) and the composition ratio of the complex were investigated in the presence of surfactants. A volume of 5 mL of 1.0×$10^{-3}$ M ECR and 10 mL of 2.0×$10^{-4}$ M CTMAB are necessary for the determination of 1.0×$10 ^{-7}$ ~ 3.0×$10^{-6}$ M Sc(III) at pH 6.5. The apparent molar absorption coefficient of the Sc(III)-ECR-CTMAB, ternary complex at 610 nm is 5.6×$10^5$ $mol^{-1}cm{-1}$L and its detection limit is 1.0×$10^{-7}$ M. Separation studies were conducted by the column method. The effect of pH, elution solution and the influence of rare earth elements as interferents was discussed. Their separation was carried out in 0.1 M HCl-50% methanol solution and 1.0 M HCl media. The method was applied for the determination of Sc(III) in monazite.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1995.04a
• /
• pp.90-90
• /
• 1995

The Influence of age on the endothelial modulation of angiotensin II (AII)-induced contractile response was investigated in isolated aortic rings of rats ranging in age from 0.7 to 20 months. Hemoglobin and L-NAME were used to examine whether age-related changes in the EDRF-releasing system were involved in endothelial modulation of All-induced contraction in rat aorta. In all five age groups (0.7, 1.5, 3, 6, 20 months), hemoglobin (10 ${\mu}$M) significantly enhanced All-induced contractile response only in aorta with endothelium intact. L-NAME (10 ${\mu}$M) Produced a significant enhancement in All responses in endothelium-intact aortas from rats aged 0.7 and 1.5 months, but it had no effect in aortas from older rats aged 6 and 20 months. Indomethacin (10 ${\mu}$M) did not affect All-induced contractile responses in both endothelium intact and removed aortas from rats at the age of 0.7 to 20 months. Hemoglobin (10 ${\mu}$M) abolished acetylcholine-induced relaxation response in aortas from young and old rats. L-NAME completely abolished the relaxation in aortas from young (0.7 and 1.5 months), but incompletely in aortas from older (6 and 20 months) rats. The sensitivity of endothelium-dependent relaxation to A23187 increased with age between ages of 0.7 and 6 months, with no further increase noted up to 20 months of age. These results suggest that endothelial modulation of AII-induced contraction in rat aorta might involve age-related alteration in EDRF-releasing system, probably via post-receptor mechanism.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.2 no.4 s.5
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 1999

For the study on loss coefficients of turbine cascade with variation of incidence angle, the wind-tunnel tests were performed under the ranges in velocity of 10 m/s, 15 m/s, 20 m/s and incidence angles from $-20^{\circ}\;to\;20^{\circ}$ by intervals of $5^{\circ}$. Comparing our results with Soderberg's prediction, differences in loss coefficient were $2.5\%\;and\;2.8\%$ each for 10 m/s and 15 m/s. A large disagreement of $30.3\%$ was showed at 20 m/s freestream velocity. The comparisons of these test results with Ainley's prediction showed an $8\%$ difference in the case of 20 m/s freestream velocity. Test results were approximately comparable with Ainley's loss prediction's in incidence angles. Generally, averaged total pressure loss seemed to be decreased as Reynolds number increased. The total pressure loss coefficients were increased parabolically, as incidence angles were increased negatively and positively from $0^{\circ}$, in all speed ranges. At the far low freestream velocities, minimum loss accurred between $-5^{\circ}\;and\;+5^{\circ}$. But this minimum range narrowed the location of this range by shifting to the direction of the angle as freestream velocity was increased.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.230-233
• /
• 2003

Previously, protoberberine alkaloids such as berberine and palmatine have been found to lower dopamine content in PC12 cells (Shin et at., 2000). In this study, the effects of berberine and palmatine on L-DOPA-induced increase in dopamine level and cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. Treatment of PC12 with L-DOPA at concentration ranges of 20∼50 $\mu$M increased dopamine content and the increase in dopamine levels by L-DOPA was inhibited by 10∼40 $\mu$M berberine and 10∼80 $\mu$M palmatine, which the concentration ranges did not show a cytotoxicity. However, berberine and palmatine at concentrations higher than 50 $\mu$M and 100 $\mu$M caused a cytotoxicity, respectively. In addition, berberine (10∼20 $\mu$M) and palmatine (10∼50 $\mu$M) at non-cytotoxic concentration ranges aggravated L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells (L-DOPA concentration ranges, 20∼50 $\mu$M). The L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity was also significantly potentiated by berberine (50 $\mu$M) and palmatine (100 $\mu$M) with cytotoxic ranges. These data demonstrate that berberine and palmatine inhibit L-DOPA-induced increase in dopamine content and stimulate L-DOPA-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, the possibility that the long-term L-DOPA treated patients with berberine and palmatine could be checked the adverse symptoms.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.659-664
• /
• 2012

The fermentation and quality characteristics of Cheonggukjang with Chinese cabbage, which is produced as a by-product in the kimchi industry, were investigated. Cheonggukjang was prepared with cooked soybean without Chinese cabbage (control), with 10% Chinese cabbage (A10), and with 20% Chinese cabbage (A20), respectively. The A10 and A20 pH values did not show a significant difference compared with the control during fermentation for 72 h. The total aerobes of the Cheonggukjangs reached 8.65 (control), 8.73 (A10), and 9.11 (A20) log CFU/mL after fermentation for 72 h at $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. The numbers of lactic acid bacteria were found to be 5.62 (A10) and 5.87 (A20) log CFU/mL during fermentation for 72 h at $37^{\circ}C$, but lactic acid bacteria were not detected in the control. The amino nitrogen and viscous substance contents of A10 and A20 were lower than those of the control. The total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging abilities of the tested Cheonggukjang were increased by fermentation. The increasing ratio of polyphenol and the DPPH radical scavenging ability of A10 were higher than those of the control and of A20. The sensory quality of A10 was higher than that of the control and of A20 in taste, color, and overall acceptability.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.310-315
• /
• 1993

Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a white rot fungus which secrets a family of lignin-degrading enzymes under nutrient limitation. Ligninase was extracellularly produced in agitated submerged cultures of P. chrysosporium, SC 26. Addition of veratryl alcohol(4 mM), and benzyl alcohol(10 mM) with 0.1% Tween 20 to the culture medium stimulated ligninase production. However, ligninase was not detected when both treatments of veratryl alcohol and benzyl alcohol without Tween 20 were added to the medium. Addition of 0.1 % Tween 20 to the culture medium had little effect on ligninase activity. The ligninase activity was maximum on day 5-8 for veratryl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol with 0.1 % Tween 20 additive medium.