• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2014

This is an analysis report of the "Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (KACAP), Vision 2033 Survey". The survey questionnaires were developed by the planning department of KACAP and sent to KACAP members from 2012 to 2013. This survey consisted of six categories : membership, academic activity, journal publication, administrative system, fellowship training program, and future planning. The response rate was 40.5%. In addition to multiple choice questions, responders also described their own ideas and suggestions regarding KACAP. The results of this study can be used as evidence for planning the vision 2033 of KACAP.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37A권10호
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• pp.858-864
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• 2012

국내에서도 효율적이고 체계적인 재난대응을 위해 정부는 국가차원의 재난안전무선통신망을 2015년까지 구축할 예정이다. 이를 위해 행정안전부가 재난용 신규 주파수 지정을 요청함에 따라 방송통신위원회에서는 TETRA와 WiBro 기술방식을 대상으로 주파수 할당 여부에 대해 검토하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 ITU-R M.2033에서 권고한 주파수 산출 방법론을 기반으로 하여 국내 재난안전무선통신망을 위한 기술적 파라미터를 정의하고 TETRA-TRS에서 요구되는 주파수 소요량을 산출하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2021

27-Hydroxycholesterol (27OHChol) exhibits agonistic activity for liver X receptors (LXRs). To determine roles of the LXR agonistic activity in macrophage gene expression, we investigated the effects of LXR inhibition on the 27OHChol-induced genes. Treatment of human THP-1 cells with GSK 2033, a potent cell-active LXR antagonist, results in complete inhibition in the transcription of LXR target genes (such as LXRα and ABCA1) induced by 27OHChol or a synthetic LXR ligand TO 901317. Whereas expression of CCL2 and CCL4 remains unaffected by GSK 2033, TNF-α expression is further induced and 27OHChol-induced CCL3 and CXCL8 genes are suppressed at both the transcriptional and protein translation levels in the presence of GSK 2033. This LXR antagonist downregulates transcript levels and surface expression of CD163 and CD206 and suppresses the transcription of CD14, CD80, and CD86 genes without downregulating their surface levels. GSK 2033 alone had no effect on the basal expression levels of the aforementioned genes. Collectively, these results indicate that LXR inhibition leads to differential regulation of 27-hydroxycholesterol-induced genes in macrophages. We propose that 27OHChol induces gene expression and modulates macrophage functions via LXR-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.2033-2035
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• 2008

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.752-762
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• 2010

Objective : In the present study, we investigated genetic distribution of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms of PON1 between Dampness and Phlegm and non Dampness and Phlegm pattern identification(PI) among Korean stroke patients. Materials and Methods : One hundred forty stroke subject without Dampness and Phlegm and fifty eight stroke subjects with Dampness and Phlegm were participated in this study. After informed consents, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in PON1 of each subjects were identified by DNA sequencing and primer extension method and statistical analysis was performed to determine the significant difference between Dampness and Phlegm and non Dampness and Phlegm groups. Results : Among anthropometric characteristics and blood parameters, waist circumference and total cholesterol were significantly higher in Dampness and Phlegm. Among 8 SNPs of PON1, frequency of M allele and subjects with M allele in L55M SNP were significantly higher in Dampness and Phlegm group (p=0.0032 and p=0.0053, respectively) but subjects with T allele in C-2033T SNP were lower in Dampness and Phlegm group(p=0.0302). Effect of L55M and C-2033T on Dampness and Phlegm were 3.07% and 1.75%, respectively. Conclusion : Our results suggest that L55M SNP in exon and C-2033T in promoter region of PON1 maybe affect to Dampness and Phlegm pattern identification. However, further study should be carried out to find out the detailed mechanism how L55M and C-2033T can affect Dampness and Phlegm stroke patients.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.2033-2039
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• 1999

One of the main causes of severe wear or crack initiation in wheel and rail is the contact stress due to wheel-rail contact. In this paper, the shape design based on more reasonable contact stress analysis rather than a general Hertzian contact theory is investigated in order to reduce the contact stress. The optimal design is performed using the simple 2-D finite element model and its results are verified by 3-D finite element analysis.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2033-2044
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• 2018

This study presents states-of-the art overview of the system level electrostatic discharge (ESD) analysis and testing. After brief description of ESD compliance standards and ESD coupling mechanisms, the study provides an in-depth review and comparison of the various techniques for the system level ESD coupling analysis using time and frequency domain techniques, full wave electromagnetic modeling and hybrid modeling. The methods used for improving system level ESD testing using troubleshooting and determining the root causes of soft failures, the optimization of ESD testing and the countermeasures to mitigate ESD problems are also discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.2033-2037
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• 2005

In vitro selection was used to isolate $Mg^{2+}$-dependent self-cleaving ribozymes with cis-cleavage activity from a pre-tRNA library having 40-mer random sequences attached to 5'-end of E. coli $tRNA^{Phe}$. After 8 rounds of SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment), RNA molecules which can self-cleave at the high concentration of $Mg^{2+}$ were isolated. The selected ribozymes can carry out the self-cleavage reaction in the presence of 100 mM $Mg^{2+}$ but not in 10 mM $Mg^{2+}$. The cleavage sites of the ribozymes are located at +3 and +4 of $tRNA^{Phe}$, compared with +1 position of 5'-end cleavage site of pre-tRNA by RNase P. New RNA constructs deprived of its D stem-loop, anticodon stem-loop, variable loop and T stem-loop, respectively showed the cleavage specificity identical to a ribozyme having the intact tRNA structure. Also, the new ribozyme fused with both a ribozyme and $tRNA^{Leu}$ showed the cleavage activities at the various sites within its sequences, different from two sites of position +3 and +4 observed in the ribozyme with $tRNA^{Phe}$. Our results suggest that the selected ribozyme is not structural-specific for tRNA.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 1976

1975년도(年度) 1년간(年間) 각(各) 시도(市道) 위생시험소(衛生試驗所)와 보건소(保健所) 및 종합병원등(綜合病院等)에서 검사(檢査) 의뢰된 검체(檢體) 2033건중(件中)에서 436주(株)의 Salmonella 균속(菌屬)을 분리(分離) 동정(同定)하였다. 동정(同定)된 436주중(株中)에서 Salmonella typhirk 426주(株)로 대부분을 차지하고 있었으며 그 외(外)의 Salmonella 균주(菌株)가 10주(株)이 었는데 이들을 serotype별(別)로 나누어 보면 다음과 같다. Salmonella A Salmonella paratyphi A 2주 Salmonella B Salmonella paratyphi B 3주 Salmonella derby 1주 Salmorella typhimurium 2 주 Salmonella C Salmonella narashino 1주 Salmonella D Salmonella typhi 426주 Salmonella E Salmonella senftenberg 1주 항생물질(抗生物質)에 대(對)한 감수성결과(感受性結果)는 Table 3과 같고, 18개의 종류(種類)의 항생제(抗生製)가 시험되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.2033-2042
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• 1993

In conventional SCC susceptibility test, there are constant strain test, constant load test, slow strain rate test(SSRT) and K$_{ISCC}$ test. Among them, the SSRT method is much more aggressive in producing SCC than the other tests, so that the test time of it is considerably reduced. But this SSRT method has mostly been worked using the uniaxial tensile specimen untill now. Therefore, the SSRT method using the tensile specimen(Ten-SSRT) has much difficulty in SCC susceptibility evaluation of a localized region like weldment and the advantage material of high order. Recentely, the small punch(SP) test method using miniaturized small specimen is the very effective test method for fracture strength evaluation of a localized region like weldment and fusion reactor wall irradiated in the nuclear power plant. This paper investigated the possibility of SCC susceptibility evaluation by the SP-SSRT method using the miniaturized small specimen. Therefore, we obtained the result that the SP-SSRT had the possibility for the evaluations of SCC susceptibility for shorter time to corrosive environment compare to Ten-SSRT which was conventional method.