• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2008

Purpose : Because there is a difference depending on the environment as for an inspection equipment the important part of bone density scan and the precision/accuracy of a tester, the management of quality must be made systematically. The equipment failure caused by overload effect due to the aged equipment and the increase of a patient was made frequently. Thus, the replacement of equipment and additional purchases of new bonedensity equipment caused a compatibility problem in tracking patients. This study wants to know whether the clinical changes of patient's bonedensity can be accurately and precisely reflected when used it compatiblly like the existing equipment after equipment replacement and expansion. Materials and methods : Two equipments of GE Lunar Prodigy Advance(P1 and P2) and the Phantom HOLOGIC Spine Road(HSP) were used to measure equipment precision. Each device scans 20 times so that precision data was acquired from the phantom(Group 1). The precision of a tester was measured by shooting twice the same patient, every 15 members from each of the target equipment in 120 women(average age 48.78, 20-60 years old)(Group 2). In addition, the measurement of the precision of a tester and the cross-calibration data were made by scanning 20 times in each of the equipment using HSP, based on the data obtained from the management of quality using phantom(ASP) every morning (Group 3). The same patient was shot only once in one equipment alternately to make the measurement of the precision of a tester and the cross-calibration data in 120 women(average age 48.78, 20-60 years old)(Group 4). Results : It is steady equipment according to daily Q.C Data with $0.996\;g/cm^2$, change value(%CV) 0.08. The mean${\pm}$SD and a %CV price are ALP in Group 1(P1 : $1.064{\pm}0.002\;g/cm^2$, $%CV=0.190\;g/cm^2$, P2 : $1.061{\pm}0.003\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.192). The mean${\pm}$SD and a %CV price are P1 : $1.187{\pm}0.002\;g/cm^2$, $%CV=0.164\;g/cm^2$, P2 : $1.198{\pm}0.002\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.163 in Group 2. The average error${\pm}$2SD and %CV are P1 - (spine: $0.001{\pm}0.03\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.94, Femur: $0.001{\pm}0.019\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.96), P2 - (spine: $0.002{\pm}0.018\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.55, Femur: $0.001{\pm}0.013\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.48) in Group 3. The average error${\pm}2SD$, %CV, and r value was spine : $0.006{\pm}0.024\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.86, r=0.995, Femur: $0{\pm}0.014\;g/cm^2$, %CV=0.54, r=0.998 in Group 4. Conclusion: Both LUNAR ASP CV% and HOLOGIC Spine Phantom are included in the normal range of error of ${\pm}2%$ defined in ISCD. BMD measurement keeps a relatively constant value, so showing excellent repeatability. The Phantom has homogeneous characteristics, but it has limitations to reflect the clinical part including variations in patient's body weight or body fat. As a result, it is believed that quality control using Phantom will be useful to check mis-calibration of the equipment used. A value measured a patient two times with one equipment, and that of double-crossed two equipment are all included within 2SD Value in the Bland - Altman Graph compared results of Group 3 with Group 4. The r value of 0.99 or higher in Linear regression analysis(Regression Analysis) indicated high precision and correlation. Therefore, it revealed that two compatible equipment did not affect in tracking the patients. Regular testing equipment and capabilities of a tester, then appropriate calibration will have to be achieved in order to calculate confidential BMD.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2018

The adsorbent used in water-adsorption cooling system utilizing low-temperature heat of below $90^{\circ}C$ is required to exhibit high water uptake capacity at a relative humidity ($P/P_0$) between 0.1 and 0.3. Mesoporous silica (MCM-41) and MOF(MIL-101) exhibit quite large water adsorption capacity under saturated water vapor at $35^{\circ}C$. However, these adsorbents show small water adsorption capacity ($0.027{g_{water}\;g_{ads}}^{-1}$, $0.074{g_{water}\;g_{ads}}^{-1}$, respectively) in the relative humidity ($P/P_0$) range of 0.1 to 0.3. In this study, the surface properties of mesoporous silica and MOF were modified by simple methods to develop an adsorbent having a higher water uptake than the conventional water adsorbents at a relative humidity ($P/P_0$) of 0.1 ~ 0.3. In the case of mesoporous silica (MCM-41) exhibiting mainly water adsorption at $P/P_0=0.5{\sim}0.7$, aluminum species was functionalized on the mesopore walls and then cations existing near the aluminum were exchanged with various cations (e.g., $Na^+$, ${NH_4}^+$, and $(C_2H_5)_4N^+$). In addition, 20 wt% (to total weight of the composites) of hygroscopic inorganic salt ($CaCl_2$) was impregnated on the MCM-41. In the case of the MIL-101 (MOF), 20 wt% of hygroscopic inorganic salt ($CaCl_2$) was impregnated on the MIL-101. The MCM-41 which was ion-exchanged with various cations has main adsorption branch around 0.5 of $P/P_0$ which was slightly shifted with low-pressure direction in comparison with pristine MCM-41. However, tiny increases were observed on the adsorption in the range of $P/P_0$ between 0.1 and 0.3. After salt impregnation on the MCM-41, the adsorption capacity under $P/P_0=0.1{\sim}0.3$ at $35^{\circ}C$ was increased from $0.027{g_{water}\;g_{ads}}^{-1}$ to $0.152{g_{water}\;g_{ads}}^{-1}$. In the case of MIL-101, the amount of water adsorption at $35^{\circ}C$ under $P/P_0=0.1{\sim}0.3$ was increased from $0.074{g_{water}\;g_{ads}}^{-1}$ to $0.330{g_{water}\;g_{ads}}^{-1}$ after the salt impregnation.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.41-67
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• 1988

Twelve residual pesticides which is applied mainly on the fruits and vegetables cultivation were tested for mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium. The results were as follows. 1) The pesticides tested - Thalonil, Monopho, Tedion, Danoton, Ometon, Prosing, EPN, Phentoate, Parathion, 8appiran and Captan-, except Dicofol, showed mutagenic activity. Especially, the pesticides which activated with 8-9 mixture gave strong mutagenic activity. 2) With Salmonella typhimurium TA100, the pesticides Monopho, Parathion and Sappiran showed mutagenic activity at $0.5{\mu}g/plate;\;Ometon,\;0.01\; t.tl/plate;Thalonil,\;0.20{\mu}g/plate;\;Prosing,\; 0.20{\mu}l/plate;$ Tedion, Danoton and Phentoate, $1.0\;{\mu}l/plate;\;and\;Captan,\;1.0\;{\mu}g/plate.$ 3) With Salmonella typhimurium TA98, the pesticide Sappiran showed mutagenic activity at $0.02\;{\mu}g/plate;\;Thalonil,\;0.05\;{\mu}g/plate;\;EPN,\;0.05\;{\mu}/plate;\; Phentoate,\;0.10\; {\mu}l/plate;\;Danoton,\;0.50\;{\mu}l/plate;$ Prosing, $ 0.50\;{\mu}g/plate;\;and\;Tedion\;and\;Monopho,\;1.0\;{\mu}l/plate.$ 4) With Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, The pesticides Captan and Danoton showed mutagenic activity at $0.10\;{\mu}g/plate\;and\;0.20\;{\mu}g/plate,\;respectively.$ 5) With Salmonella typhimurium TA1538, The pestides Phentoate showed mutagenic activity at $0.05\;{\mu}l/plate;\;Monopho,\;0.10\;{\mu}l/plate;\;Thalonil,\;0.20 {\mu}g/plate;\;and\;Tedion\;and\;EPN,\;1.0\;{\mu}l/plate.$ 6) The pesticides which commonly showed high mutagenic activity were Thalonil, Phentoate, Parathion and Sappiran. The pesticides Ometon and EPN showed mutagenic activity at only TA100 and TA98, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 1998

Carbon dioxide is estimated to be responsible for 60% of the global warming effect, and this percentage is tending upward. Studies on removal and fixation of $CO_2$ in the flue gas are recognized as one of the important roles of the future biotechnology. Photobiological systems have considerably higher photosynthetic efficiency than conventional biomass system. The experiment for the photosynthetic fixation of $CO_2$ and the biomass production was performed with various initial cell concentration in a tubular photobioreactor and a bubble column $CO_2$ contactor with a gas sparger of $CO_2$ -enriched air(0.03~20%). Synechocystis PCC 6803 could grow at 10~20% $CO_2$ content under pH control. The highest specific growth rate, 0.0258 $h^{-1}$ , was obtained at 5% $CO_2$-air mixture. The maximum cell production rate, 0.2784 g/L.day, was obtained when the initial cell concentration was 0.45 g/L at 5% $CO_2$ -air mixture. The maximum cell concentration was 2.03 g/L in the tubular photobioreactor when the light intensity was $45.5{\mu}$ $E/m^2$ . s. This system showed 0.482 g $CO_2$ /L . day of the $CO_2$ fixation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.94-102
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• 2012

There is a limitation to estimate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake due to a lack of data on vitamin $B_{12}$ content in many Korean foods. In this study, vitamin $B_{12}$ content was determined in some seaweeds, fish, and shellfish and their product that are consumed in Korea using a modified microbioassay with Lactobacillus delbruecki ATCC 7830. Dried laver and dried seasoned and toasted laver contained very high levels of vitamin $B_{12}$ (66.8 and $55.2-71.3\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Sea lettuce and seaweed fulvescene also contained high vitamin $B_{12}$ content of 5.47-9.41 and $6.46-7.20\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively, whereas sea mustard and sea tangle contained low levels of vitamin $B_{12}$; vitamin $B_{12}$ was not detected in seaweed fusifome. Pacific saury, trout, sea-bass, or squid contained 12.01, 2.00, 0.49 and $2.33\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g, respectively. Ochellatus octopus, and naked sand lance contained 0.72-1.43 and $3.68\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g, respectively. Dried Alaska pollack con-tained $0.19-2.64\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g. Shellfish such as little neck clam and small ark shellfish contained high levels of vitamin $B_{12}$ of $30.5-40.5\;{\mu}g$/100 g, and mussel and abalone contained 17.71 and $7.82\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Of unique Korean traditional fermented seafood products, salt-fermented products of squid ($2.91\;{\mu}g$/100 g), clams ($34.31\;{\mu}g$/100 g), Ala-ska pollack roe ($9.98-12.02\;{\mu}g$/100 g), hairtail guts ($4.58\;{\mu}g$/100 g) or small shrimp ($0.58-1.55\;{\mu}g$/100 g), and fish sauce from anchovies ($1.52-1.78\;{\mu}g$/100 mL), sand eel ($0.22-0.24\;{\mu}g$/100 mL) or small shrimp ($0.19-0.78\;{\mu}g$/100 mL) were analyzed. A few commercial brands of flying fish roe ($0.73-1.73\;{\mu}g$/100 g), canned tuna ($0.40\;{\mu}g$/100 g), and fried fish paste ($0.25-0.69\;{\mu}g$/100 g) were also analyzed. In conclusion, vitamin $B_{12}$ content in these foods, chosen considering the Korean food culture, should contribute to improve the present vitamin $B_{12}$ food database. It may be helpful to estimate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake more correctly than before, and provide additional information for dietary education related to vitamin $B_{12}$ and meal management.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.74-77
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• 1989

To increase the volumetric productivity a contimuous cell-recycled system was implemented. Cell concentrations between 9.2 and 15.0 g/1 were obtatined in the continuous fermentor study. At a 4% xylose feed and a specific oxygen supply rate(SOSR) of 1.04 g O2.hr-g DCW the ethanol yield was 0.36% at dilution rate. This represented a 26-% increase over that of th batch fermentation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.550-556
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• 1996

A complex medium was developed for the production of microbial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 23769. The optimum concentration of each nutrient for the production of microbial cellulose was determined to be 10g peptone, 20g yeast extract, 5g glucose, 1.56g Na2HPO4, 1.8g KH2PO4, 0.05g MgSO4, 0.002g FeCl3, 5g citric acid and 10 mL ethanol per liter. With synergistic effects of citric acid and ethanol, cellulose productivity achieved in developed medium was 0.446 gram of cellulose per gram glucose for static culture, which is much higher than reported values. Cell growth and the cellulose production in the developed medium under static culture was also investigated.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.321-327
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• 2014

This paper introduces the physicochemical characteristics of garlic shoots investigated in the 8 areas of Namhae, Gohyeon-myeon (GHM), Nam-myeon (NM), Samdong-myeon (SDM), Namhae-eup (NHE), Seo-myeon (SM), Seolcheon-myeon (SCM), Idong-myeon (IDM) and Changsoen-myeon (CSM). The moisture was $80.15{\pm}0.37{\sim}83.87{\pm}0.15g/100g$. The crude protein and lipid were $1.59{\pm}0.02{\sim}2.25{\pm}0.09g/100g$ and $0.35{\pm}0.01{\sim}0.48{\pm}0.03g/100g$, respectively. Ash was $0.65{\pm}0.03{\sim}0.71{\pm}0.03g/100g$. In addition, the total levels of phenol and flavonoid were searched as $33.02{\pm}1.78{\sim}58.41{\pm}1.08mg/100g$ and $11.60{\pm}3.36{\sim}23.95{\pm}2.04mg/100g$, respectively. The garlic shoots in IDM, where the highest total chlorophyll level detected as $170.58{\pm}1.04{\mu}g/g$ and in CSM, where the lowest total chlorophyll level investigated as $116.65{\pm}0.00{\mu}g/g$, were unveiled. The mineral elements (S, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Mn and Zn) were analyzed by ICP-OES, and K was the most highly contained mineral with $7257.0{\pm}87.9{\sim}10070.0{\pm}9.7mg/kg$. Significant feature of garlic shoots in IDM and NHE was that the total amounts of mineral were relatively higher than other regions as 21,143.5 mg/kg and 20,581.2 mg/kg, respectively. The cultivating regions were revealed as the one of important matters with the level of allicin ($78.03{\pm}6.15{\sim}203.43{\pm}18.47mg/kg$). In particular, the level of allicin of garlic raised in SDM ($203.43{\pm}18.47mg/kg$) was approximately 2.2~2.6 times higher than those in CSM ($92.86{\pm}8.70mg/kg$) and SCM ($78.03{\pm}6.15mg/kg$). The sulfur compounds content of diallyl trisulde was remarkably higher, especially the garlic shoots in IDM with $830.62{\pm}14.69{\sim}1281.10{\pm}27.71mg/kg$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2002

This study was conducted to enhance the value of chamnamul (Pimpinella brachycarpa (Komarov) $N_{AKAI}$) as an useful food resource. Hunter L, a, b values (lightness, redness, yellowness) of chamnamul leaf were 33.28$\pm$1.94, -10.98$\pm$0.74, 14.05$\pm$1.29 and shearing force was 2745.2g. Contents of tannin and dietary fiber were 100.9 mg%, 24.0% (freeze drying base). The minerals identified in chamnamul were Ca 7.85 g/kg, K 76.31 g/kg, Mg 4.78g/kg, Fe 0.35g/kg, Na 2.35 g/kg. Chamnamul kimchi was packed in polyethylene film (200g) and fermented at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 4$^{\circ}C$. In color changes kimchi fermented at 2$0^{\circ}C$ showed more increase in Hunter L, a, b values than kimchi fermented at 4$^{\circ}C$. The pH of kimchi decreased and acidity increased with storage time at both temperature. Ascorbic acid contents decreased sharply with storage time. Loss of ascorbic acid contents was about 81.9% in kimchi fermented at 2$0^{\circ}C$ after 5 days, and kimchi fermented 4$^{\circ}C$ lost 77.3% of ascorbic acid after 30 days. Also reducing sugar contents decreased with storage time at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 4$^{\circ}C$. The results of sensory evaluation showed that optimum ripening time of chamnamul kimchi was 1~3 days at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and more than 20 days at 4$^{\circ}C$.>.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.442-450
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• 2001

In this study, we collected PM10(particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m$) by using a high volume air sampler from March 2000 to September 2000 to investigate the contamination level and the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the ambient air in Ulsan area. Samples were pretreated by the microwave extraction methods, and heaby metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, As, and Pb) were quantified by using and ICP-MS system. The highest PM10 concentrations in the ambient air were $85.6{\mu}g/m^3$ and the aberage value was $37.1{\mu}g/m^3$. The maximum levels of each heavy metal were as follows: $2.5{\mu}g/m^3$ for Fe(Yeocheon-dong), $0.41{\mu}g/m^3$ for Zn(Nammok-2-dong), $0.061{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cd(Yeocheon-dong), $0.20{\mu}g/m^3$ for Pb(Yeocheon-dong), $0.037{\mu}g/m^3$ for Ni(Yeoncheon-dong), $0.88{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cu(Yaeum-dong), $0.042{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cr(Yaeum-dong), and $0.015{\mu}g/m^3$ for As(Onsan). Among concentration of heavy metals, Ni and Zn compounds were highly correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 at Nammok-2-dong.