• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.347-347
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• 2000

Nowadays, the Laser image is used to realize multi-media show for events, an advertising media and 3D simulation, realization of video image and so on. It is a hot issue to realize the laser image like computer graphic image. The image used in laser projector is vector graphic image that is described by linking point to point. A computer makes this continuous vector graphic images so that the image shows as an animation. A control signal converted by a computer makes the laser projector draw image. Two motors and universal joint are used to realize 2D laser image in this study. Developing a controller applied Look-ahead algorithm and software to interface with personal computer, This study is the chief aim of improving difference of moving velocity that is appeared from edge of vector graphic image and disparity of graphic density.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to develop Neural Network models for Approximate Structural Analysis (NNASA). As an initial stage, the paper classifies the characteristics and the active role of neural networks in the numerical analysis by comparing neural networks with conventional numerical analysis algorithms. The paper proposed two methods of finding solutions of linear algebraic equations by a modified neural network algorithm, and presents that multilayer feedforward networks are a class of universal approximators by comparing the neural network with regression and interpolation techniques.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.2B no.4
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• pp.156-161
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• 2002

This paper proposes an optimized universal motor for improving its performance using the finite element method (FEM) with the (1＋1) Evolution Strategy (ES) algorithm. To do this, various design parameters are modified, such as air gap length, shape of motor slot, pole shoe, pole width, and rotor shaft diameter. Two parameters (arc length of stator pole and thickness of pole shoe) are chosen and optimized using the program, and the optimized model is built and tested with a performance measuring system. The measured values of the model are compared with those of the initial and the optimized model to prove the algorithm. As a result, the final model improves its performance compared with those of the initial model.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2010

For screening test of the non-volatile compounds which migrate from food packaging materials into foodstuffs, the traditional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems suffer from the lack of universal detector with high sensitivity and universality and high efficiency HPLC separation column which provides complete separation of complex mixtures into all individual substances. In this work, the use possibility of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system coupled with a charged aerosol detector (CAD), a universal detector, was reviewed. 2D-LC system permits to improve peak capacity and resolving power for complex mixtures. Charged aerosol detector (CAD) offers a new feasibility for detection of any non-volatile compounds with high sensitivity and constant response factor in a calibration range. The combination of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and normal phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) is most frequently used for the separation of the natural and synthetic polymers which are mainly used as raw materials for the manufacture of food packaging materials. However, there is no commercial software available for data acquisition and handling and therefore the quantification in 2D-LC analysis is still rare.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.295-308
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• 2012

This paper experimentally investigated the buckling capacity of built-up steel columns mainly, Cruciform Columns (CC) and Side-to-Side (SS) columns fabricated from two Universal Beam (UB) sections. A series of nine experimental tests comprised of three UB sections, three CC sections and three SS sections with different lengths were tested to failure to measure the ultimate axial capacity of each column section. The lengths used for each category of columns were 1.8, 2.0, and 2.2 m with slenderness ratios ranging from 39-105. The measured buckling loads of the tested specimens were compared with the predicted ultimate axial capacity using Eurocode 3, AISC LRFD, and BS 5959-1. It was observed that the failure modes of the specimens included flexural buckling, local buckling and flexural-torsional buckling. The results showed that the ultimate axial capacity of the tested cruciform and side-by-side columns were higher than the code predicted design values by up to 20%, with AISC LRFD design values being the least conservative and the Eurocode 3 design values being the most conservative. This study has concluded that cruciform column and side-to-side welded flange columns using universal beam sections are efficient built-up sections that have larger ultimate axial load capacity, larger stiffness with saving in the weight of steel used compared to its equivalent universal beam counterpart.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.216-233
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• 2013

Conventional optimization designs of wireless networks mainly focus on spectral efficiency (SE) as a performance metric. However, as diverse media services are emerging, a green wireless network, which not only meets the quality of experience (QoE) requirements for users and also improves energy efficiency (EE), is the most appropriate solution. In this paper, we firstly propose the unit QoE per Watt, which is termed QoE efficiency (QEE), as a user-oriented metric to evaluate EE for wireless networks. We then analyze which is the kind of wireless resource given priority to use under different scenarios to obtain an acceptable QEE. Particularly, power, delay and data-rate related to QoE are separately addressed for several typical services, such as file download, video stream and web browsing services. Next, the fundamental tradeoffs are investigated between QEE and SE for wireless networks. Our analytical results are helpful for network design and optimization to strike a good balance between the users perceived QoE and energy consumption.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.367-388
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• 2012

The centennial of Alan Mathison Turing(23 June 1912 - 7 June 1954) is an appropriate occasion on which to assess his profound influence on the development of cognitive science. His contributions to and attitudes toward that field are discussed from the metamathematical perspective. This essay addresses (i)Turing's mathematical analysis of cognition, (ii)universal Turing machines, (iii)the limitations of universal Turing machines, (iv)oracle Turing machine beyond universal Turing machine, and (v)Turing test for cognitive science. Turing was a ground-breaker, eager to move on to new fields. He actually opened wider the scientific windows to the mind. The results show that first, by means of mathematical logic Turing discovered a new bridge between the mind and the physical world. Second, Turing gave a new formal analysis of operations of the mind. Third, Turing investigated oracle Turing machines and connectionist network machines as new models of minds beyond the limitations of his own universal machines. This paper explores why the cognitive scientist would be ever expecting a new Turing Test on the shoulder of Alan Turing.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.369-374
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• 2008

In the 21st century, universal design has started to expand as new design value system for the diversity and various need of user: a new design that can reflects the welfare of the society. In addition, the percentage of population over 65 years old has been rising rapidly in Korea, and we are expected to reach 'aged society' with 14.3% of elderly population in 2018. In rural districts, population of the elderly has already reached 'super-aged society' with over 20%. With the rapid increase of the number of the elderly, the need for social service system is rising. For the independent living of the elderly, the dwelling space that supports their lifestyle is the most important factor. In advanced countries, they have proposed the housing for the elderly to keep living in their house, improvement of housing quality that fits the changing various needs of them. Until now, however, the most housing condition that the elderly has lived is poor living environment as below housing standards, especially housing in rural districts is very poor. The purpose of this study was to extract issue of housing in the rural districts in terms of universal design concept and reflecting the cultural and living characteristics of rural districts. With this, additionally, this study make understood about the necessity and important of universal design housing to reflect the characteristics of rural districts. For this study, data were collected from field survey and interview. The major results showed the following. 1) There were very various type of housing in rural districts. Spatial composition and shape was not related to living behavior and cultural characteristics of rural district. 2) The most new constructed housing was similar to urban housing type. It means that housing with respect to living culture of users in rural district must be developed. 3) In rural housing, they all had outdoor building (included storehouse, bathroom/toilet, kitchenet, etc.) relating to a series of work behavior. However, living environment was not to meet needs and characteristics of users.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 2009

Purpose: It is important to begin a transfusion safely and appropriately as soon as possible in a hemorrhagic shock patient. A group $O^+$ unmatched pack red blood cell (universal $O^+$) transfusion may satisfy that requirement. We report our experiences with universal $O^+$ to compare its usefulness for hemorrhagic shock patients with that of a matched pack red blood cell transfusion in the emergency department (ED). Methods: This is a retrospective study. Patients who had systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg or a pulse rate of more than 120 beats per minute in the ED were included, and their medical records were reviewed. The collected data were demographic data, vital signs, blood test results, time to transfusion, the amount of transfusion, complications, and diagnoses. We calculated the emergency transfusion score (ETS) based on the patients' medical records. Results: Two hundred thirty-five patients were included. Forty-eight patients (36 trauma and 12 non-trauma patients) were transfused with a universal $O^+$. These patients had less time to transfusion compared with the cross-matched transfusion groups (35${\pm}$42 versus $170{\pm}187$ minutes, p<0.001). There were no differences in complications between groups (p=0.076). Of the patients who were transfused with universal $O^+$, 94.4% got more than 3 ETS. Conclusion: The universal $O^+$ transfusion, compared with matched pack red blood cell transfusion, should be a useful treatment for ED hemorrhagic shock patient due to its having a shorter time to transfusion without an increase in complications.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.444-454
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping abilities of LightSpeed, ProTaper-Universal, and hybrid technique using S-series of ProTaper-Universal and LigthSpeed. The 72 simulated root canals of J-shape were used and classified as flowing 3 groups according to the instrumentation methods; Group P of 24 canal blocks were prepared with ProTaper-Universal, Group L was prepared with LightSpeed, and Group H was prepared with hybrid technique (initial shaping with ProTaper-Universal SI and S2 and apical shaping with LightSpeed from #25 to #50). A second-year resident of Endodontic department prepared the resin block canals to apical size #50 (F5 in Group P). The time lapses for instrumentation and the reduction of root canal curvature after shaping were measured. The pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed to evaluate and calculate the increased canal width and apical centering ratio. The results were as followings: Group Land H showed significant less instrumentation time than Group P (p < 0.05). The ProTaper system showed greater reduction of root canal curvature and working length diminishment than other methods (p < 0.05). LightSpeed system showed best canal curvature preserving characteristics. The Group P had greater instrumented widths at all levels examined (p < 0.05). Group L and Group H showed lower centering ratio (ability to preserve the canal center; the lower ratio means the better canal center preservation) than Group P (p < 0.05). Group H had the lowest centering ratio at the 1 mm level.