• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.742-750
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• 2004

This paper for the first time reports the isolation of 5 compounds from Phellinus linteus. A sphingolipid (1) and two tyrosinase inhibitory compounds (2, 3) along with two carboxylic acids (4, 5), were isolated from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus (Berk ＆ Curt) Aoshima. The structure of compound 1 was identified as 1-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-9-methyl-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, known as cerebroside B, based on spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D NMR as well as by acid hydrolysis. Compounds 2-5 were identified as protocatechualdehyde (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) (3), succinic acid (4), and fumaric acid (5) based on the spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with an $IC_{50}$ of 0.40 and 90.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics, which were analyzed by the Lineweaver-Burk plots, were found to be competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors with a $K_{j}$ of 1.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and 1.4 mM, respectively.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

Gami-Honghwa-Tang (KH-19), a herbal prescription for reducing the side effect of radiotherapy, is composed of eight crude herbs such as Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Corni Fructus, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Lycii Fructus, Carthami Flos, and Glycyrrhizae Radix. In this study, marker substances in KH-19 were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and safety evaluation of standardized KH-19 was evaluated by good laboratory practices (GLP) guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration. HPLC-DAD was employed to determine the quantities and the qualities of several marker substances such as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), paeonol, loganin, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and decursin in the KH-19. In acute oral toxicity study on rat, transient inhibition of body weight was shown, but change in general symptom was not detected. No dead animal was observed up to 5,000 mg/kg in both male and female animals. In acute oral toxicity study on Beagle dog, transient vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and body weight reduction were observed, However, no dead animal was observed up to 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female animals.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 1998

The semi-volatile fraction of cigarette mainstream smoke contains the most important aroma and taste that enhance smoke flavor. The components in mainstream smoke were analysed for commercially available cigarettes. To compare the semi-volatile components delivered from mainstream smoke of domestic cigarette with imported cigarette, we analyzed three types of filter cigarettes such as cellulose acetate mono filter, carbon dual filter and slim filter cigarette. Mainstream smoke was collected with a combination of Cambridge filter pad and liquid trap containing a small amount of acetone cooled by dry ice-methanol. We have identified 43 components from mainstream smoke by GC and GC/MS and found that benzene, toluene, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde, acetic acids nicotine and triacetin were the main peaks in mainstream smoke. Also we have compared the relative amounts of semi-volatile compounds delivered from the domestic and imported cigarettes with three different filters. From the results of this study, the relative amounts of limonene, acetic acid, 5-methyl-Lfuraldehyde delivered from the imported cigarettes were generally higher than those of the domestic one's.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2020

Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (red kohlrabi) is a biennial herbaceous vegetable whose edible bulbotuber-like stem and leaves are consumed globally. Sliced red kohlrabi tubers were extracted using methanol and the concentrated extract was partitioned successively with dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH) and water (H₂O). Repeated column chromatography of EtOAc fraction through silica, sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 gel led to isolation of eleven compounds of which compound 1 was a new glycosylated indole alkaloid derivative, 1-methoxyindole 3-carboxylic acid 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Others were known compounds namely, β-sitosterol glucoside (4), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5), methyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosyl disulfide (6), 5-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethanol (7), (3S,4R)-2-deoxyribonolactone (8), n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (9), uridine (10) and three fructose derivatives, D-tagatose (11), β-D-fructofuranose (12) and β-D-fructopyranose (13). Similarly, isolation from CH₂Cl₂ fraction gave two known indole alkaloids, indole 3-acetonitrile (2) and N-methoxyindole 3-acetonitrile (3). The structure elucidation and identification of these compounds were conducted with the help of ¹³C and ¹H NMR, HMBC, HMQC, EIMS, HR-ESIMS and IR spectroscopic data, and TLC plate spots visualization. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are noted to occur in kohlrabi for the first time. Different bioactivities of these isolated compounds have been reported in literature.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

Objectives : This study presents a high performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS) methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of various active components in Samul-tang, which is composed of four crude herbs. Methods : HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for the determinations of paeoniflorin and 5-HMF (5-hydroxymethyl 2-furaldehyde) in the Samul-tang, the separation method was performed on an COSMOS1L 5C18-AR-Il (2.0 X 150 mm I.D.) column by gradient elution with 0.1% acetic acid and 5% CH3CN in water (A)-0.1% acetic acid and 5% H20 in CH3CN (B) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 300 ${\mu}L/min$ with detection at quadrupole mass spectrometer. The all marker substances were always detected as the base peaks in the positive ion mode. Results : The paeoniflorin of Paeoniae Radix in Samul-tang showed a strong base peak [M+H2O]+ in the positive detection mode to give the following as; paeoniflorin (498.109 [M+H2O]+, 479.8 [M]+, 301 [M-glucose]+, 179.3 [glucose]+). Based on the HPLC retnetion time and MS of standard compounds confirmed the identity of active compounds in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata as follows; 5-HMF (127.0[M+H]+, 109.3 [M-OH]+) in the positive ion mode. Conclusion : According to the above results, HPLC-ESI-MS method permits assignment of tentative structures such as paeoniflorin and 5-HMF in the Samul-tang.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2019

Objectives: Samul-tang is commonly used to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy. This study aimed to establish an efficient method of extracting ACTS002 based on Samul-tang using the yield, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antioxidant assay. Methods: ACTS002 was extracted from each extraction solvent, and the contents of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), paeoniflorin, and ferulic acid were quantitatively analyzed and compared using HPLC. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of ACTS002 were measured using total flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). Results: All of the components were set as the index contents because they were easy to process. The antioxidant activity of total flavonoids was the highest in 70% ethyl alcohol extracts, and total phenolic compounds were the highest in 50% ethyl alcohol extracts. In DPPH, 50% ethyl alcohol extracts showed the highest activity, and in ABTS 70% ethyl alcohol extracts were the highest. In FRAP, 70% ethyl alcohol extracts showed the highest activity. Conclusions: ACTS002 can control quality by setting 5-HMF, paeoniflorin, and ferulic acid as the index contents. The antioxidant activity measurement was relatively high in the 50% and 70% ethyl alcohol extracts. Our results can predict the possibility of a pharmacological activity and the standardization of ACTS002.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in Gami-Honghwa-Tang (KH-19) by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Gami-Honghwa-Tang is composed of nine crude herbs, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Corni Fructus, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Lycii Fructus, Carthami Flos and Glycyrrhizae Radix. Methods : The separation was performed on an Aquasil C18 (4.6×250mm) column by gradient elution with 0.05% TFA in H2O - 0.05% TFA in acetonitrile (0 min 100:0, 20 min 90:10, 40 min 70:30, 60 min 50:50, 80 min 0:100, 90 min 100:0) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min with detection at 190-800nm. Also we examined the contents for bacteria, pesticide residue and harmful heavy metals. Results : HPLC-DAD was employed to determine the quantities and the qualities of several marker substances such as 5­hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF), paeonol, loganin, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and decursin in the KH-19. There were no bacterial contents, pesticide residues, or harmful heavy metals. Conclusions : We suggest these results could be a useful evidence for quality control of KH-19. This method permits fingerprints of selected individual marker substances from herbal prescriptions without derivatization, multiple purification steps, or lengthy separation times.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Objectives : In Korean medicine, a prescription of Sinsun-yukza-hwan (Shenxian-liuzi-wan, SSY) has been used in clinic for treatment of alopecia via oral. This study was performed to determine transdermal effects of the ethanol extract from SSY on hair growth and -related gene expressions in mice. Methods : We analyzed index compound, 5-hydroxy-methyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF), in SSY extract by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). 6 weeks old C57BL/6 mice with removed hair were used as an alopecia animal model. Mice were divided into 3 experimental groups including normal (3 water: 1 ethanol: 2 polyethylene glycol mixture as a vehicle), SSY extract and 5% minoxidil (as a positive control), treated groups. SSY was applied topically on the hair-shaved skin of C57BL/6 mice every day for 15 days. The color, thickness and density of hair were monitored every $5^{th}$ day by naked eye, photograph and phototrichogram using folliscope. Also hair growth-associated gene expressions were measured by immunoblotting assay. Results : Hair density of minoxidil or SSY-treated group was significantly increased compared to that of vehicle application on the $15^{th}$ day, respectively. And hair thickness of minoxidil and SSY groups was increased compared to that of vehicle treated group on the $15^{th}$ day, respectively. Induction of insulin-like-growth factor 1(IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also significantly accelerated by SSY extract compared to those of vehicle-applied group. Conclusions : These results provide scientific evidence to support the potent multi-application of SSY as a cosmeceutical material for promoting hair growth.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2013

본 연구는 전분 및 단백질 함량이 높은 녹두를 산으로 가수분해 시킨 다음 열처리를 통한 항산화 활성의 변화를 조사하였다. 유리당 및 유리아미노산 최대생성 가수분해조건은 6 N 염산으로 2시간 처리조건으로 선정하였으며, $130^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 열처리 한 다음 갈변도, 5'-HMF함량, 환원당, 항산화 성분 및 활성을 검토하였다. 갈변도는 가수분해 시키지 않은 열처리에서는 0.17이었지만 가수분해 후 열처리에서 2.31로 최대 값을 나타내었으며, 5'-HMF 함량도 산가수분해 시키지 않은 열처리에서는 검출되지 않았지만 가수분해 후 열처리에서 81.61 mg/g로 증가하였다. 환원당은 열처리 전 가수분해만 하였을 경우 190.48 mg/g이었지만 열처리 후 137.34 mg/g으로 감소하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 가수분해 시키지 않은 열처리에서는 8.79 mg/g이었지만 열처리 후에는 55.95 mg/g으로 증가하였다. ABTS 라디칼소거능은 가수분해 시키지 않은 열처리에서는 1.75 mg AA eq/g이었지만 열처리 후에는 22.18 mg AA eq/g으로 증가하였으며, DPPH 라디칼소거능은 0에서 3.644 mg Trolox eq/g으로 증가하였다.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2000

별다른 사고가 없는 경우, 변압기의 수명은 내부 절연지의 수명에 해당되지만 운전중인 변압기에서 고체 상태의 절연지를 채취할 수 없는 반면에, 절연지가 열을 포함한 여러 영향에 의해 분해되어 변압기내에 용존되어 있는 절연유는 운전중인 변압기에서 쉽게 채취할 수가 있다. 그러므로 절연지의 분해산물이 용해되어 있는 절연유의 간접적인 분석을 통해 절연지의 상태, 나아가서는 변압기를 진단할 수 있다면 변압기의 관리 측면에서는 아주 유용할 것이다. 이러한 근거하에서 절연지의 분해산물로 알려진 퓨란(furan) 유도체제중 한전의 변압기에서 특징적으로 관찰되는 2-furfural의 농도를 별다른 전처리 과정없이 HPLC에 의한 분석 방법을 확립하였다. 운전중인 변압기에서 채취한 절연유를 분석한 결과, HPLC에 의한 2-furfural 농도가 현재 일반적으로 실시하고 있는 GC를 이용한 $CO_2$나 CO 가스 농도보다 변압기 내부 절연지의 상태를 보다 정확하게 반영한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 대략적으로 변압기의 수명이 30-40년 정도라고 가정할 때 한전에서는 노후화된 변압기의 숫자가 증가될 것이므로 변압기의 적기교체를 위한 변압기 수명예측의 필요성이 대두될 것으로 예상되며 본 연구의 수행을 통해 확립된 방법은 절연지의 열화정도를 진단한 분석 방법으로서 변압기의 효율적인 관리는 뭍론 수명예측 혹은 수명진단에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.