• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2014

The effects of erlotinib combined with celecoxib in a lung cancer xenograft model were here explored with a focus on possible mechanisms. A xenotransplanted lung cancer model was established in nude mice using the human lung cancer cell A549 cell line and animals demonstrating tumour growth were randomly divided into four groups: control, erlotinib, celecoxib and combined (erotinib and celecoxib). The tumor major axis and short diameter were measured twice a week and after 40 days tissues were collected for immunohistochemical analyses of Bcl-2 and Bax positive cells and Western-blotting analyses for the epidermal growth factor recepto (EGFR), P-EGFR, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Tumor size in the combined group was smaller than in the others (p<0.01) and the percentage of Bcl-2 positive cells was fewer in most cases (p<0.01), while that of Bax positive cells was greater than in the erlotinib and celecoxib groups (P>0.05). Western blotting showed decreased expression of P-EGFR and COX-2 with both erlotinib and celecoxib treatments, but most pronouncedly in the combined group (P<0.05). Simultaneous blockage of the EGFR and COX-2 signal pathways exerted stronger growth effects in our human xenotransplanted lung cancer model than inhibition of either pathway alone. The anti-tumor effects were accompanied by synergetic inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis, activation of p-EGFR and expression of COX-2.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.78-86
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose hidden object detection system using parametric array based on acoustic signal that is harmless to human body. A transmit signal of the proposed detection system uses a high directive chirp signal generated from parametric array phenomenon, which uses technique to improve a signal to noise (SNR) of a received signal and a distance resolution trough the dechirp processing. The transmit sensor array is constructed as $8{\times}2$ and has a horizontal beam width of $7^{\circ}$ and vertical beam width of $26^{\circ}$. To verify the detection and visualization of the proposed system, a 2-axis driving control system based on linear stage was constructed, and A-scan, B-scan, and C-scan experiments was addressed for hidden object. From experimental results, we detected and visualized the hidden bronze plate and pipe by cloth and the visualized shapes was confirmed. Especially, the obtained errors was $0.015m^2$ for bronze plate, and $0.046m^2$ for pipe.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.260-272
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• 2001

All-ceramic restorations have had a more limited life expectancy than metal ceramic restorations because of their low strength. Their relatively lower strength and resistance to fracture have restricted the use of all-ceramic crowns to anterior applications where occlusal loads are lower. But there has been increasing interest in all-ceramic restorations because patients are primarily concerned with improved esthetics. Many efforts have been made to in prove the mechanical properties of dental ceramics. This study was designed to elucidate the influence of the luting agent on the strength of the Empress 2 crown (staining technique) cemented on human teeth. Seventy extracted human permanent molar teeth were chosen. Teeth were prepared for Empress 2 crowns with milling machine on a surveyor. A dental bur was placed in the mandrel that was positioned so that the long axis of the bur was perpendicular to the surveyor base. Dimensions of the Empress 2 crown preparation were $6^{\circ}$ taper on each side, $1.5{\pm}0.1mm$ shoulder margin, and 4mm crown height. The luting cements used in this study were as follow: 1. Uncemented 2. Zinc phosphate cements (Confi-Dental) 3. Conventional glass ionomer cement : Fuji 1 (GC) 4. Resin-modified glass ionomer cements : Fuji plus (GC) 5. Adhesive cements : Panavia F (Kuralay), Variolink II (Vivadent), Choice (Bisco). Fracture test using Instron. The crowns were loaded in compressive force to evaluate the effect of these cements on the breaking strength of these all-ceramic crowns. A steel ball with a diameter of 4mm was placed on the occlusal surface and load was applied to the steel ball by a cylindrical bolt with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm per minute until fracture occurred. The fractured surface was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopic Image (SEM) to discover the correlation between fracture strength and bonding capacity. Within the limitation of this in vitro study design, the results were as follows : 1. fomentations significantly increased the fracture resistance of Empress ceramic crowns compared to control. Uncemented (206.9 N): ZPC (812.9 N): Fuji 1 (879.5 N): Fuji Plus (937.7 N): Choice (1105.4 N): Variolink II (1221.1 N): Panavia F (1445.2 N). 2. Resin luting agent, treated by a silane bond enhancing agents, yielded a significant increase in fracture resistance. In some of the Panavia F group, a fracture extended into dentin. 3. According to SEM images of fractured Empress crowns, the stronger the bond at both interfaces(crown and die), the more fracture strength was acquired.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 2018

There is a need to breed and distribute domestic varieties for Lilium Asiatic hybrids because most of the lily bulbs cultivated in Korea imported from foreign country. The genetic resources of Lilium Asiatic hybrids, 'Buff Pixie', 'Orange Matrix' and 'Tiny Puppet', which were collected from 2001, had been self-pollinated from 2004 to 2012. In 2012, Lilium Asiatic 'Lovely LiASong' as an F₁ hybrid was bred through crossing 'L₂-12-1' and 'L₂-35-4' obtained by 4th self-fertilization. 'Lovely LiASong' had a bowl shaped single flower with a few spots and medium-sized flower, 8.7cm in flower diameter. The number of flowers per plant was 4.9, which was relatively more flowers than other cultivars. And the flower inflorescence had umbellate and racemose while the attitude of longitudinal axis was erect. The plant height was 33.4cm with 30.4 leaves per plant and 7.2cm in leaf length. The 'Lovely LiASong' showed a high consumer preference because it had a relatively longer flowering period, larger flower diameter and number of flowers than those of the control, 'Tiny Ghost'.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.204-212
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical microleakage in root canal filled with Resilon by methacrylate-based root canal sealer or 2 different self-adhesive resin cements. Seventy single-rooted extracted human teeth were sectioned at the CEJ perpendicular to the long axis of the roots with diamond disk. Canal preparation was performed with crown-down technique using Profile NiTi rotary instruments and GG drill. Each canal was prepared to ISO size 40, .04 taper and 1 mm short from the apex. The prepared roots were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups of 15 roots each and 5 roots each for positive and negative control group. The root canals were filled by lateral condensation as follows. Group 1: Gutta-percha with AH-26, Group 2: Resilon with RealSeal primer & sealer, Group 3: Resilon with Rely-X Unicem, Group 4: Resilon with BisCem. After stored in $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity chamber for 7 days, the roots were coated with 2 layers of nail varnish except apical 3 mm. The roots were then immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 7 days. Apical microleakage was measured by a maximum length of linear dye penetration after roots were separated longitudinally. One way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test were performed for statistical analysis. Group 1 showed the least apical leakage and there was no statistical significance between Group 2, 3, 4. According to the results, the self adhesive resin cement is possible to use as sealer instead of primer & sealant when root canal filled by Resilon.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical microleakage in root canal filled with Resilon by methacrylate-based root canal sealer or 2 different self-adhesive resin cements. Seventy single-rooted extracted human teeth were sectioned at the CEJ perpendicular to the long axis of the roots with diamond disk. Canal preparation was performed with crown-down technique using Profile NiTi rotary instruments and GG drill. Each canal was prepared to ISO size 40, .04 taper and 1 mm short from the apex. The prepared roots were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups of 15 roots each and 5 roots each for positive and negative control group. The root canals were filled by lateral condensation as follows. Group 1: Guttapercha with AH-26, Group 2: Resilon with RealSeal primer & sealer, Group 3: Resilon with Rely-X Unicem, Group 4: Resilon with BisCem. After stored in $37{\circ}C$, 100% humidity chamber for 7 days, the roots were coated with 2 layers of nail varnish except apical 3 mm. The roots were then immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 7 days. Apical microleakage was measured by a maximum length of linear dye penetration after roots were separated longitudinally. One way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test were performed for statistical analysis. Group 1 showed the least apical leakage and there was no statistical significance between Group 2, 3, 4. According to the results, the self adhesive resin cement is possible to use as sealer instead of primer & sealant when root canal filled by Resilon.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.2 s.67
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• pp.128-138
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• 2007

At low in-situ stress, the continuity and distribution of natural fractures in rock mass predominantly control the failure processes. However at high in-situ stress, the failure process are affected and eventually dominated by stress-induced fractures preferentially growing parallel to the excavation boundary. This fracturing is often observed in brittle type of failure such as slabbing or spatting. Recent studies on the stress- or excavation-induced damage of rock revealed its importance especially in a highly stressed regime. In order to evaluate the brittle failure around a deep underground opening, physical model experiments were carried out. For the experiments a new tue triaxial testing system was made. According to visual observation and acoustic emission detection, brittle failure grades were classified under three categories. The test results indicate that where higher horizontal stress, acting perpendicular $(S_{H2})$ and parallel $(S_{H1})$ to the axis of the tunnel respectively, were applied, the failure grade at a constant vertical stress level (Sy) was lowered. The failure initiation stress was also increased with the increasing $S_{H1}\;and\;S_{H2}$. From the multi-variable regression on failure initiation stress and true triaxial stress conditions, $f(S_v,\;S_{H1},\;S_{H2})$ was proposed.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1263-1269
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• 1999

An FBAR(Solidly Mounted Resonator) was fabricated using reflector layers which prohibit the penetration of bulk acoustic wave into substrate. The SMR consisted of top and bottom electrodes(Al films), a piezoelectric layer (ZnO film), reflector layers(W/$Si_2$ films) and Si substrate. The electrodes were deposited by dc sputtering. The piezoelectric layer and the reflector layers were deposited by rf magnetron sputtering. The control of crystallinity, microstructures and electric properties of each layer was essential for attaining the optimum FBAR characteristics. Under the best deposition conditions for FBAR devices, the ZnO films had highly c-axis preferred orientation(${\sigma}=2.17^{\circ}$), resistivity of $10^4\;{\omega}cm$, and surface roughness of 10.6 ${\AA}$. On the other hand, the surface roughness of W and $Si_2$ films was 16 ${\AA}$ and 33 ${\AA}$, respectively, and the resistivity of Al film was $5.1{\times}10^{-6}\;{\Omega}cm$. The SMR devices were fabricated by the conventional semiconductor processes. In the resonance conditions of the SMR, the series resonance frequency (fs) and the parallel resonance frequency(fp) were 1.244 GHz and 1.251 GHz, respectively and the quality factor(Q) was 1200.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2001

Plasma levels of sex steroid hormones in rockfish, Sebastes inermis were examined monthly in relation to gonadosomatic index (GSI) under a controlled water temperature and photoperiod, The GSI of a control group (C) in female began to increase from November and reached a maximum in January, Sample fish under a controlled water temperature and photoperiod (Tr) were divided into a responded group (Tr-r) and a un-responded group (Tr-n) by the gonadal maturation condition and GSI. The GSI of females in Tr-r reached a maximum in March. But the female GSI in Tr-n kept lower than 1.2 during the experimental period. No differences in male GSI were noticed between C and Tr. The $estradiol-17\beta$ and testosterone levels of female plasma in Tr reached a maximum in October, later than those in C. In males, these was no difference in 11-ketotestosterone and testosterone between C and Tr. When rockfish was reared in September under the controlled water temperature and photoperiod which were equivalent to those in July, that is two months earlier, the maturation of females was delayed in comparison with C. This finding suggested that delayed maturation in ovary was caused by the secretion of sex steroid hormones in relation to the water temperature and photoperiod of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.213-230
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to analyze the initial movement and the stress distribution of each tooth and periodontal ligament during the lingual lever-arm retraction of 6 maxillary incisors using FEA. Two kinds of finite element models were produced: 2-properties model (simple model) and 24-properties model (multi model) according to the material property assignment. The subject was an adult male of 23 years old. The DICOM images through the CT of the patient were converted into the 3D image model of a skull using the Mimics (version 10.11, Materialise's interactive Medical Image Control System, Materialise, Belgium). After series of calculating, remeshing, exporting, importing process and volume mesh process was performed, FEA models were produced. FEA models are consisted of maxilla, maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, periodontal ligaments and lingual traction arm. The boundary conditions fixed the movements of posterior, sagittal and upper part of the model to the directions of X, Y, Z axis respectively. The model was set to be symmetrical to X axis. Through the center of resistance of maxilla complex, a retraction force of 200g was applied horizontally to the occlusal plane. Under this conditions, the initial movements and stress distributions were evaluated by 3D FEA. In the result, the amount of posterior movement was larger in the multi model than in the simple model as well as the amount of vertically rotation. The pattern of the posterior movement in the central incisors and lateral incisors was controlled tipping movement, and the amount was larger than in the canine. But the amount of root movement of the canine was larger than others. The incisor rotated downwardly and the canines upwardly around contact points of lateral incisor and canine in the both models. The values of stress are similar in the both simple and multi model.