• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.237-257
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• 2005

It was to study as a following-research of "A Case Study on Center of Gravity(COG) Analysis when Performing Uchimata(inner thigh reaping throw) by Posture and Voluntary Resistance Levels(VRL) of Uke in Judo[I]". The purpose of this study was to analyze the COG variables when performing uchimata(inner thigh reaping throw) by two postures and voluntary resistance levels(VRL) of uke(reciver) in Judo. The subjects, who were one male judoka(YH) for 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games Olympian(silver medalist), and one male trainee; Y.I.University representative member (SDK), and were filmed on two S-VHS 16mm video cameras(60fields/sec.) through 3-dimensional motion analysis methods, that postures of uke were shizenhontai (straight natural posture) and jigohontai(straight defensive posture), VRL of uke were 0% and 100%, respectively. The kinematical variable was COG variable, distance of COG, and distance of resultant COG between uke and tori(the thrower), velocity and acceleration of COG. The data of this study collection were digitized by SIMI Motion Program computed the mean values and the standard deviation calculated for each variables. When performing uchinmata according to each posture and VRL of uke and classifying. From the data analysis and discussion, the conclusions were as follows : 1. Displacement of COG Subject YH, COG was the highest in kuzushi(balance -breaking), vertical COG was low when following in tsukuri(positioning; set-up), kake(application; execution), and COG was pattern of same character each postures and resistance, respectively. Subject SDK, COG was low from kumikata(engagement positioning) to kake, and COG was that each postures and resistance were same patterns, respectively. Subject YH, SDK, each individual, postures and resistance, vertical COG was the lowest in kake phase, when performing. 2. Distance of COG between uke and tori The distance of COG between uke and tori when performing, subject YH was $0.64{\sim}0.70cm$ in kumikata, $0.19{\sim}0.28cm$ in kake, and SDK was $0.68{\sim}0.72cm$ in kumikata, $0.30{\sim}0.42\;cm$ in kake. SDK was wider than YH. 3. Distance of resultant COG between uke and tori The distance of resultant COG between uke and tori when performing, subject YH was $0.27{\sim}0.73cm$ from kumikata to kake. and SDK was $0.14{\sim}0.34cm$ in kumikata, $0.28{\sim}0.65cm$ in kake. Jigohontai(YH:$0.43{\sim}0.73cm$,SDK:$0.59{\sim}0.65cm$) was more moved than shizenhontai(YH:$0.27{\sim}0.53cm$, SDK: $0.28{\sim}\;0.34cm$). 4. Velocity of COG The velocity of COG when performing uchimata, subject YH was fast anterior-posterior direction in kuzushi, ant.-post. and vertical direction fast in tsukuri and kake. SDK was lateral, ant.-post. and vertical direction in kuzushi, ant.-post. and vertical direction in tsukuri and ant.-post. direction in take, respectively. 5. Acceleration of COG The acceleration of COG when performing uchimata, The trend of subject YH was showed fast vertical direction in kuzushi and tsukuri, ant.-post. and vertical direction fast in kake. The trends of SDK showed lateral direction in kuzushi, lateral and ant.-post. direction in tsukuri and ant.-post. direction in kake, respectively.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

The government has been constructing and supplying public rental housing to ordinary people in order to stabilize housing since 1989. However, the public rental houses initially supplied to ordinary people are at high risk for safety accidents due to the deterioration of the facilities. Therefore, this study is aimed to propose a solution to solve the life safety hazards of the old rental housing complex as a follow-up study of Analysis of Accident Patterns and Hazard Factor for Life Safety in Rental Housing Complex. Types of life safety accidents that occur in public rental housing complexes are sliding, falling, crash, falling objects, breakage, fire accidents, traffic accidents and criminal accidents. The types of safety accidents that occur in rental housing complexes analyzed in this study are sliding, crashes, falling objects, and fire accidents. Although the incidence of safety accidents such as falling, breakage, traffic accidents and crime accidents in public rental housing complexes is low, these types are likely to cause safety accidents. The method of this study utilized interviews and seminar results, and it suggested ways to solve the life safety hazards in rental housing complexes. Interviews were conducted with residents and managers of rental housing complexes. Seminars were conducted twice with experts in construction, maintenance, asset management, housing welfare and safety. Through interviews and seminars, this study categorizes the life safety hazards that occur in rental housing complexes by types of accidents and suggests ways to resolve them as follows. (1) sliding ; use of flooring materials with high friction coefficient, installation of safety devices such as safety handles, implementation of maintenance, safety inspections and safety education, etc. (2) falling ; supplementation of safety facilities, Improvement of the design method of the falling parts, Safety education, etc. (3) crash ; increase the effective width of the elevator door, increase the effective width of the lamp, improve the lamp type (U type ${\rightarrow}$ I type), etc. (4) falling objects and breakage ; design of furniture considering the usability of residents, replacement of old facilities, enhancement of safety consciousness of residents, safety education, etc. (5) fire accidents ; installation of fire safety equipment, improvement by emergency evacuation, safety inspection and safety education, etc. (6) traffic accidents ; securing parking spaces, installing safety facilities, conducting safety education, etc. (7) criminal accidents; improvement of CCTV pixels, installation of street lights, removal of blind spots in the complex, securing of security, etc. The roles of suppliers, administrators and users of public rental housing proposed in this study are summarized as follows. Suppliers of rental housing should take into consideration the risk factors that may arise not only in the design and construction but also in the maintenance phase and should consider the possibility of easily repairing old facilities considering the life cycle of rental housing. Next, Administrators of rental housing should consider the safety of the users of the rental housing, conduct safety checks from time to time, and immediately remove any hazardous elements within the apartment complex. Finally, the users of the rental housing needs to form a sense of ownership of all the facilities in the rental housing complex, and efforts should be made not to cause safety accidents caused by the user's carelessness. The results of this study can provide the necessary information to enable residents of rental housing complexes to live a safe and comfortable residential life. It is also expected that this information will be used to reduce the incidence of safety accidents in rental housing complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.903-911
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• 2011

In this study, Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ6 harboring antibacterial activity was isolated from meju. The antibacterial activity of Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ6 was stable in the pH range of 3.0~9.0, but it disappeared after culture at $70^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. Antibacterial activity was inactivated by proteinase K, protease, and ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin, indicating its proteinaceous nature. The growth inhibitory effects of B. polyfermenticus CJ6 culture on food-borne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were examined in this study. Approximately 6~6.2 log CFU/mL of each pathogen was co-cultured with B. polyfermenticus CJ6 in a 50 mL culture volume for 24 hr. Growth of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes was completely inhibited after 3 hr of incubation. Growth of S. Typhi and E. coli O157:H7 was also completely inhibited after 6 hr of incubation. The antibacterial compounds from B. polyfermenticus CJ6 were purified by solid phase extraction (C18 Sep-pak cartridge), recycling preparative HPLC, and analytical HPLC. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis were used to identify the purified antibacterial compounds, which were confirmed to be five peptides (757.4153 Da, 750.3444 Da, 1024.5282 Da, 1123.6083 Da, and 1617.8170 Da).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.180-185
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• 2003

The increase of traffic over a bridge has been emerged as one of the most severe problems in view of bridge maintenance, since the load effect caused by the vehicle passage over the bridge has brought out a long-term damage to bridge structure, and it is nearly impossible to maintain operational serviceability of bridge to user's satisfactory level without any concern on bridge maintenance at the phase of completion. Moreover, bridge maintenance operation should be performed by regular inspection over the bridge to prevent structural malfunction or unexpected accidents front breaking out by monitoring on cracks or deformations during service. Therefore, technical breakthrough related to this uninterested field of bridge maintenance leading the public to the turning point of recognition is desperately needed. This study has the aim of development on automated inspection system to lower surface of bridge superstructures to replace the conventional system of bridge inspection with the naked eye, where the monitoring staff is directly on board to refractive or other type of maintenance .vehicles, with which it is expected that we can solve the problems essentially where the results of inspection are varied to change with subjective manlier from monitoring staff, increase stabilities in safety during the inspection, and make contribution to construct data base by providing objective and quantitative data and materials through image processing method over data captured by cameras. By this system it is also expected that objective estimation over the right time of maintenance and reinforcement work will lead enormous decrease in maintenance cost.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2 s.62
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

Objectives: This was a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study for evaluation of safety and effective dose finding of Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ in patients with chest pain and discomfort. Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ are composed of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (丹蔘), Notoginseng Radix (三七根) and Borneolum (龍腦). Major effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix and Notoginseng Radix are vasodilatation, sedation and analgesic action. Borneolum has an antibacterial effect, and can stimulate the central nervous system. All of these substances are oriental herbs that have been used for a long time in east Asia. Cardiotonic Pills fi received Investigational New Drug (IND) approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA and 40 million people in the world take this pill. We performed a phase IV clinical study to confirm its efficacy and safety in patients who have probable cardiogenic or psychogenic chest pain or chest stifling. Methods: This study was planned for a multi-center clinical trial including four university hospitals of oriental medicine in Korea. This was the first time to evaluate the 'planning treatment according to diagnosis (辨證施治)' of chest pain or chest discomfort according to oriental medical guidelines. The patients who were included in this trial were adult volunteers from 20 to 70 years old who had chest pain or chest discomfort more than twice during a recent month, and we received written consent to participate in this study from all of them. After administration of Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ for 8 weeks, number of occurrences, duration, appearance and degree of chest pain or chest discomfort was observed and degree of symptoms (severity of illness, global improvement) were measured using a patient's global assessment composite scale. Results: In the patient's global assessment scale, the severity of illness of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ group (n=25) was 14/25=0.56 but of the placebo group (n=25) was 7/25=0.28 (p-value=0.0449). This result indicates Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$have a positive effect on the symptoms of chest pain and discomfort. However, the global improvement of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$group was 23/25=0.92, and of the placebo group was 22/25=0.88 (p-value=0.6374). The total symptom score of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ group was $1.68\pm20.06$, and of the placebo group was $16.76\pm72.l4$(p-value=0.2285). The number of symptom events of the Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ group was $72\pm29.78$, and of the placebo group (n=25) was $10.80\pm38.42$ (p­value=0.3660). We could not find any effects on the other factors examined besides the severity of illness, beyond the difference of standard deviations. Conclusions: Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ significantly reduced chest pain and chest discomfort in patients. Therefore, we expect that Cardiotonic Pills$^{(R)}$ will be helpful for patients with chest pain and chest discomfort not only caused by heart disease but also by other diseases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1187-1192
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobuin (IVIG) administration in fullterm neonates having clinically suspected neonatal sepsis. Methods : Forty full-term neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with clinically suspected neonatal sepsis, who had at least two positive diagnostic criteria were enrolled. Twenty neonates were enrolled into the IVIG arm and 20 in the placebo arm. Neonates with a gestational age of less than 36 weeks and those with any major congenital malformation were excluded. The neonates were randomized to receive 1 g/kg of IVIG or equivalent amount of normal saline. The treatments including antibiotics and supportive care were administered. Results : The neonates in the therapy and placebo groups were comparable in terms of birth weight, gestational age, sex distribution, duration of antibiotics therapy and admission, elevation of serum IgG level, mortality rate, change of CBC, and serum level of acute phase reactants etc. Conclusion : Serum IgG values increased significantly 5 days after administration of IVIG in the IVIG-treated group and decreased significantly 5 days after administration of normal saline in the placebo group. However, there was no significant difference in the duration of antibiotics therapy and admission, or of mortality between the IVIG-treated and placebo groups. No adverse reactions to the IVIG infusions were noted during the study. Our preliminary observations suggest that the administration of 1 g/kg IVIG to neonates had some effect on augmentation of humural immune status in neonates with clinically suspected sepsis. But further study is needed to verify the benefit of IVIG infusion to neonatal sepsis.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.145-164
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develope the teaching materials of career education for the 'Information and Communication Technology and Our Life' unit in the technology education. As preparation phase, in order to choose the suitable contents for career education, we analyzed the technology education curriculum and 'Information and Communication Technology and our Life' unit of technology and home economics. And then we compared and analyzed the existing related researches. After content analysis of the teaching materials for career education, we mapped the contents into career education area. In the 'Design' step of teaching, we extracted the unit design components after analyzing 'Development in Information and Communication Technology' unit of eleven text books used in 2007 revised curriculum In the 'Introduction', 'Activity', 'Arrangement' steps of teaching, by applying the SHIP model, one of career education program model, we develop the teaching materials. Then, we get expert evaluation using questionnaire and improve the suitability of the teaching materials. The results are as followings: First, our teaching materials reflect the development history of information and communication technology well, show the features of career education, and are suitable to middle school students as the teaching materials. Second, our teaching materials can help students to face various jobs related with the development of Information and communication technology, to have more interests and exploring opportunities about 'Information and Communication Technology' subject. Third, our teaching materials can help teachers to use it for the career education of 'Information and Communication Technology and our Life' unit of 2007 revised curriculum in the class time. Our teaching materials can also be used in the extra activity related to career education and the Creative Experience Activities. Furthermore, since 2009 revised curriculum includes the career education unit in the 'Information and Communication Technology' subject, our teaching materials can be used partially as the teaching materials in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 1998

This experiment used the enclosed bench-scale reactors of 242 liters was conducted to obtain basic data on temporal and spatial variations in temperature, oxygen and moisture content, which were important factors of biological activities, during composting of mixture of dairy manure and rice straw. The reactors with thermocouples, oxygen sensor and datalogger were aerated at four different rates of 0.09, 0.18, 0.90 and 1.79 l $min^{-1}kg$ dry $solids^{-1}$. The higher aeration rates were, the faster the rates of increase and decrease in composting temperature were in both of initial and turnover stage, and the smaller the temperature difference between exhaust air and composting materials. Composting temperature of initial stage increased suddenly in all aeration rates, then stationary phase of temperature in materials and exhaust air showed at $50{\sim}53^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours and at $45^{\circ}C$ between 5 and 15 hours, respectively. In initial stage the maximum temperature was decreased with increasing aeration rates but in the stage after turnover it was the opposite except for 1.79 l $min^{-1}kg^{-1}$. Time arrived at the maximum temperature of composting materials was later in low-aeration rates than high-aeration rates at both stages. Time maintained high-temperature more than $45^{\circ}C$ was rapidly decreased with increasing aeration rates. In initial stage of composting maintaining time of $65^{\circ}C$ or more was the longest in the treatments of 0.09 and 0.18 l $min^{-1}kg{-1}$, while those of $55{\sim}65^{\circ}C$ and $45{\sim}55^{\circ}C$ was in 0.90 and 1.79 l $min^{-1}kg{-1}$, respectively. The minimum oxygen content and the maximum oxygen consumption rate in exhaust air through composting materials showed the increased trends with increasing aeration rates. In initial stage the minimum oxygen content was ranged from 0.9% to 7.4% for 32 to 59.5 hours and the maximum oxygen consumption rate was $1.89{\sim}6.48$ $gh^{-1}kgVS^{-1}$. In the stage after turnover their levels were $2.1{\sim}19.9%$ and $1.76{\sim}3.49 %$g/h-㎏ VS, respectively, for 16 to 49.5 hours.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.278-286
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• 2010

Veterinary antibiotics have been used to treat disease and to promote growth of livestock. However, the total amount of veterinary antibiotics in Korea was much greater than other developed countries, and there is a high potential to release residual of antibiotics to environment. Consequentially, released antibiotics into the environment produces antibiotic resistant bacteria and causes adverse effects on human health. The objective of this research was to monitor antibiotic concentration in the environment adjacent to facilities which compose chicken manure. Total of 10 antibiotics were selected based on the total amount of higher usage in Korea, and its residuals were measured from surface water, soil and sediment. The frequencies of detected antibiotics were ranged 31-92% from soil, 0-93% from water, and 33-93% from sediment. Generally, a higher frequency was observed in soil or sediment than water. Different ranges in concentration among 4 different antibiotic groups was found from not detected(N.D.) to 35.6 ${\mu}g/kg$ for soil, N.D. to 19.2 ${\mu}g/L$ for water and N.D. to 114.3 ${\mu}g/kg$ for sediment. Our findings suggest that solid phase such as soil and sediment is a critical component to be needed to conduct the environmental impact assessment of antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.704-710
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• 2012

The lower portion of sloping paddy fields normally contains excessive moisture and the higher water table caused by the inflow of ground water from the upper part of the field resulting in non-uniform water content distribution. Four drainage methods namely Open Ditch, Vinyl Barrier, Pipe Drainage and Tube Bundle for multiple land use were installed within 1-m position from the lower edge of the upper embankment of sloping alluvial paddy fields. This study was conducted to evaluate soil physical characteristics by drainage improvement in poorly drained sloping paddy field. The results showed that subsurface drainage by Pipe Drainage improves the productivity of poorly drained soils by lowering the water table and improving root zone soil layer condition. In an Pipe drainage plot, soil moisture drained faster as compared to the other drainage methods. Infiltration rate showed high tendency to Piper Drainage method about $20.87mm\;hr^{-1}$ than in Open Ditch method $0.15mm\;hr^{-1}$. And Similarly soil water and degree of hardness and shear strength phase of soil profile showed a tendency to decrease. From the above results, we found that when an subsurface drainage was established with at 1m position from the lower edge paddy levee of the upper field in sloping poorly drained paddy fields Pipe Drainage was the most effective drainage system for multiple land use.