• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.106-110
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• 2014

Congenital thoracic ectopic kidney is a very rare developmental disorder and the rarest type of ectopic kidney. This condition is usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally on routine chest radiography. Most cases of thoracic ectopic kidney develop in adulthood and during the neonatal period, and congenital thoracic ectopic kidney rarely develops in children. Most patients are asymptomatic, and the treatment depends on the diagnosis. Herein, we report a rare case of ectopic thoracic kidney associated with a diaphragmatic hernia in a 15-month-old male infant, who presented with periodic severe irritability. The thoracic ectopic kidney was detected as a mass in the right base of the chest on routine chest radiography.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2019

Cadmium is a strong toxic heavy metal which presents in paints and liquid wastes and causes oxidative stress in fish. On the other hand, lead is widely used for different purposes, e.g. lead pipes, it targets vital organs such as liver and kidney causing biochemical alterations. The present study evaluates the effects of 60 days exposure to Cd and Pb either single or combined together in African catfish. Sixty-four fishes were divided into 3 groups and exposed to $CdCl_2$ (7.02 mg/L) or $PbCl_2$ (69.3 mg/L) or a combination of them along with control group. Activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were estimated. Moreover, gill, liver and kidney were assayed for activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Individual exposure showed that both Cd and Pb significantly decreased LDH activity and SOD activity in the kidney. Pb significantly increased G-6-PDH activity and decreased GSH level in the gill. CAT activity in liver and kidney elevated significantly on Cd exposure while lead caused a significant depletion in the liver and significant elevation in the kidney. Both Cd and Pb significantly increased MDA levels in liver and kidney while Pb increased its level in gills. The combined exposure resulted in normalization of LDH, G-6-PDH activity, and CAT activity in liver and kidney as well as GSH level in both tissues and MDA in gill and kidney. The combination increased SOD activity and MDA level in liver and decreased SOD activity in kidney and GSH level in gills. In conclusion, the antioxidant system of African catfish was adversely affected by prolonged exposure to Cd and Pb. The combined exposure caused less damage than individual exposure and returned most parameters to those of controls.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.567-575
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• 2018

Acute kidney injury (AKI), which is defined as a rapid decline of renal function, becomes common and recently recognized to be closely intertwined with chronic kidney diseases. Current treatment for AKI is largely supportive, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as a novel mediator of AKI. Since carbon monoxide attenuates ER stress, the objective of the present study aimed to determine the protective effect of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM2) on AKI associated with ER stress. Kidney injury was induced after LPS (15 mg/kg) treatment at 12 to 24 h in C57BL/6J mice. Pretreatment of CORM2 (30 mg/kg) effectively prevented LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation during AKI in mice. CORM2 treatment also effectively inhibited LPS-induced ER stress in AKI mice. In order to confirm effect of CO on the pathophysiological role of tubular epithelial cells in AKI, we used mProx24 cells. Pretreatment of CORM2 attenuated LPS-induced ER stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation in mProx24 cells. These data suggest that CO therapy may prevent ER stress-mediated AKI.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.199-202
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to make fundamental ultrasonographic observations of kidney and urinary bladder in Korean native goat. The position, dimensions, and structure of the kidneys and bladders In 7 male Korean native goats were determinded by use of ultrasonography. A 3.5%.MHz linear transducer was used. All examinations were performed on goats in lateral recumbency under sedation. The left kidney was 4.2 to 5.9 cm long, 2.5 to 3.6 cm wide, and 2.4 to 3.2 cm deep. Diameter of the parenchyma and renal sinus of the left kidney ranged between 0.7 and 1.3 cm and 0.7 and 1.4 cm, respectively. Circumferences of the medullary Pyramids varied between 1.3 and 1.9 cm. Similar ultrasonic measurements were obtained for the right kidney. The diameter of the urinary bladder varied between 2.1 and 5.4 cm in the goats. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic findings described in this study can be used as references for diagnosis of morphologic changes in the kidney and urinary bladder of Korean native goat.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.291-302
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• 1998

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand and describe the essence and the structure of lived experience of people with kidney transplantation. Initially, nine individual interviews were conducted to gather data regarding their subjective experiences. And two focus group interviews were utilized to validate or discard the themes that were emerged from the analysis using Colaizzi's method. Among 17 participants, 13 had living related kidney donations, one living unrelated, and the remaining two cadavor donations. About 130 significant statements were extracted and these were clustered into 11 themes. All participants felt anxiety and fear toward the rejection of transplantation and the complication of immunosuppressive drugs. Although they were initially satisfied with their life after kidney transplantation, most of them lost a self-confidence and experienced loneliness, depression, and despair. Most of the participants also felt guilty for not being able to accomplish their appropriate roles in the family, They also had financial difficulties and social restrictions. However, they overcame these psychosocial distress by exercising, working and sharing love with others. They also could overcome it by living a religious life and by working to help others with kidney transplantations. Most of them felt gratitude toward the donor and did not have a psychological rejection toward the kidney transplanted. The results of the study might help nurses who work with people with kidney transplantations in establishing and implementing an effective nursing intervention by understanding their lived experience.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2001

Multilocular cystic nephroma is a rare disease, noninherited benign renal neoplasm occurring in both children and adults. It is necessary to make a differential diagnosis from all renal diseases with a cystic component, such as Wilms tumor, harmatoma or polycystic dysplastic kidney in childhood. There are about only 200 case reports in the world since Walter Edmunds had described it first. We report a case of multilocular cystic nephroma presented with painless abdominal mass, treated with nephrectomy and confirmed with pathology. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2001 ;5 : 219-24)

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.81-91
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• 2010

Objectives: The basic cause of developmental disability is congenital weakness, which is a disorder of the kidney according to the Oriental medicine definition. I suggest the oriental medicine music therapy, which can improve congenital weakness and recover the kidney dysfunction. Methods: This study focused autism and Asperger syndrome in terms of Oriental medicine, and also considered view points from the Western medicine. Conclusions 1. The kidney monitors vital elements which were produced from the bone marrow. Therefore, the growth and the development of a skeletal structure are related to the strength and weakness of kidney, which is measured in Qi score. 2. In a case of the deficiency of kidney, an essence due to congenital defect, it shows the symptoms of the developmental disability such as sluggish reaction and physical movements, falling of memory, hearing, and eyesight. 3. For the kidney disorder, "Eum music therapy", one of the oriental medicine music therapies, can promote development of the kidney and kidney-Qi score for the children with developmental disability.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes numerous changes that destabilize homeostasis, of which anemia is one of its important complications. Anemia significantly reduces the quality of life in children with CKD and plays a crucial role in the progression of cardiovascular disease such as left ventricular hypertrophy, a major cause of mortality in those with advanced CKD. The treatment of anemia is a pivotal factor in reducing morbidity and mortality rates in children with CKD, representing one of the methods for enhancing patients' quality of life.

• CELLMED
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.23.1-23.3
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• 2013

According to the traditional Korean medicine (TKM), kidney has been recognized as the roof of innate endowment because it plays an important role in the birth, growth, sexual reproduction, and aging. Kidney essence insufficiency syndrome (KEIS) is caused when kidney is impaired. KEIS is characterized by retarded development, decreased reproduction, tinnitus, loosening of teeth, and loss of hair and forgetfulness. In traditional Chinese medicine, KEIS mouse model was established by use of threatinjuring the kidney combined with over-fatigue. However, the TKM theory-based KEIS experiment model has not been described correctly. In the present study, we suggest a new KEIS experiment model including following cases; 1) weakness of father essence and mother blood, 2) life nurturing during pregnancy, 3) full-term gestation period.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2016

Purpose: Disruption of normal renal development can lead to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, including renal hypodysplasia. We aimed to clarify whether small kidney size affects clinical manifestations in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods: One hundred fifty-four patients who had their first symptomatic UTI between January 2014 and June 2015 were enrolled in this study. Differences in kidney size were estimated based on percent uptake of $^{99m}Tc-$ dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in scintigraphy. The patients who showed more than 10% difference in kidney size on DMSA scintigraphy with none or minimal cortical defects were included in group A. (group A, n=17). Laboratory, clinical, and imaging results were compared with those of the other patients (group B, n=137). Results: Group A had a relatively higher incidence of vesicoureteral reflux than group B (44% vs 20%, P<0.05). The levels of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and serum C-reactive protein were significantly higher in group A (193 [64-337] vs 91 [59-211] ng/mL and 4.1 [0.5-11.9] vs 2.1 [0.7-5.3] ng/mL, respectively; all P <0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed that plasma NGAL level strongly correlated with the difference in renal uptake in DMSA scintigraphy in group A ($R^2=0.505$). Conclusion: The difference in kidney size could influence the clinical course and severity of pediatric UTI.