• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.875-890
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• 2009

Metabolimics interprets an organism as a network of functional units and an organism is represented by a metabolic pathway i.e., well-displayed graph. So a software tool for drawing pathway is necessary to understand it comprehensively. These tools have a problem that edge-crossings exponentially increase as the number of nodes grows. To apply automatic graph layout techniques to the genome-scale metabolic flow, it is very important to reduce unnecessary edge-crossing on a metabolic pathway layout. In this paper, we design and implement 2.5D metabolic pathway layout modules. Metabolic pathways are represented hierarchically by making use of the '2-layered layout algorithm' in 3D. It enhances the readability and reduces unnecessary edge-crossings by using 3D layout modules instead of 2D layout algorithms.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

In metabolomics, metabolic pathway is represented by well-displayed graph. Metabolic pathways, especially, have a complex binding structure, which makes the graphical representation hard to visualize. There is a problem that edge crossings exponentially increase as the number of nodes grows. To apply automatic graph layout techniques to the genome-scale metabolic flow of metabolism domains, it is very important to reduce unnecessary edge crossing on a metabolic pathway layout. we proposed a metabolic pathway layout algorithm based on 2-layer layout. Our algorithm searches any meaningful component existing in a pathway, such as circular components, highly connected nodes, and the components are drawn in upper layer. Then the remaining subgraphs except meaningful components are drawn in lower layer by utilizing a new radial layout algorithm. It reduces ultimately reduced the number of edge crossings. This algorithm is the basis of flexible analysis for metabolic pathways.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.71-79
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• 2013

Metabolic pathway, represented by well-displayed graph, have a complex binding structure, which makes the graphical representation hard to visualize. To apply automatic graph layout techniques to the genome-scale metabolic flow of metabolism domains, it is very important to reduce unnecessary edge crossing on a metabolic pathway layout. we proposed a metabolic pathway layout algorithm based on 3-layer layout. Our algorithm searches any meaningful component existing in a pathway, such as circular components, highly connected nodes, and the components are drawn in middle layer. Then the remaining subgraphs except meaningful components are drawn in upper and lower layer by utilizing a new radial layout algorithm. It reduces ultimately reduced the number of edge crossings. Our algorithm solve the problem that edge crossings exponentially increase as the number of nodes grows.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.6-15
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a high speed parallel multiplier with a hierarchical architecture using a fast 4-2 compressor and 6-2 compressor. Generally, the performance of parallel multiplier depends on the processing speed of partial products summation tree with CSA adder. In this paper we propose a new circuit of 4-2 compressor and 6-2 compressor which reduces the propagation delay time, compared with conventional one. We Propose a hierarchical multiplier architecture in order to improve the execution speed of 16$\times$16 parallel multiplier using proposed compressors in this paper and make layout design easily by regular structure. The propagation delay time of the proposed 4-2 compressor circuit was 14% reduced as a result of SPICE simulation, compared with the conventional 4-2 compressor. The total propagation delay time of proposed 16$\times$16 parallel multiplier was 12% reduced using proposed 4-2 compressor and 6-2 compressor.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.520-527
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• 2021

In this study, we focused on the low practicality of traditional outdoor advertisements due to uniformity of materials, shapes, and designs, so in order to improve it, we will analyze impact on the practicality of outdoor advertisements depends on the attached type of advertising signboards. The research method is to set up a research model and hypotheses through a literature review and conduct a survey and then perform factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Hypothesis1. The evaluation factors (readability, formability or symbolism) of outdoor advertising signboard in traditional markets will affect their practicality. Hypothesis 2. The type of attached advertising signboards (protruding type or wall-type) in traditional markets will control the impact of each evaluation factors' on practicality. In a result, readability and formability will affect practicality. To increase practicality, the size, color, font, layout and etc. of outdoor advertising signboards should be well recognized to get the better understanding. Also, practicality will be increased by the harmonization and the sense of balance.