• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.30-36
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• 2000

The hidden node plays a role of the functional units that classifies the features of input pattern in the given question. Therefore, a neural network that consists of the number of a suitable optimum hidden node has be on the rise as a factor that has an important effect upon a result. However there is a problem that decides the number of hidden nodes based on back-propagation learning algorithm. If the number of hidden nodes is designated very small perfect learning is not done because the input pattern given cannot be classified enough. On the other hand, if designated a lot, overfitting occurs due to the unnecessary execution of operation and extravagance of memory point. So, the recognition rate is been law and the generality is fallen. Therefore, this paper suggests a method that decides the number of neural network node with feature information consisted of the parameter of learning algorithm. It excludes a node in the Pruning target, that has a maximum value among the feature value obtained and compares the average of the rest of hidden node feature value with the feature value of each hidden node, and then would like to improve the learning speed of neural network deciding the optimum structure of the multi-layer neural network as pruning the hidden node that has the feature value smaller than the average.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.261-276
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• 2010

The analysis of an art trend in the principle dimension starts by observing the object of work in the perspective of formative composition and recognizing it as a universal system. It can be said that it is consistent with an interpretation method for a form theory of formal history by Heinrich W$\ddot{o}$lfflin, a leading form critic in art criticism. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find out what are the formative principles in Renaissance Classicism as a design principle to be applicable to modern fashion by reviewing the formative characteristics of Renaissance Classicism Architecture with which W$\ddot{o}$lfflin directly dealt. As for the theoretical literature review, I used W$\ddot{o}$lfflin's theoretical framework and looked at the Renaissance Classicism Architecture that he studied and examined the possibility of utilizing his theory as a layout principle and the characteristics. As for analysis of design cases, I applied the aforementioned architecture layout principle to modern fashion and conducted case study analysis to delve into distinctive layout principles found in fashion. The study showed that the Renaissance Classicism Architectural Style is marked by linearity, planarity, closing and multiple unity: linearity was expressed in the observation form in fixed frontal view and an emphasis on a tangible silhouette homeogenous and definite line structures; planarity was achieved in the form of paralleled layers of frontal view element, planarity style, and identical and proportional repetition of various sizes.; closing signified the pursuit of complete and clear regularity, and architecture developed in a constructive phase through organizational inevitability and absolute invariability.; multiple unity was expressed in self-completedness and independent parallel of discrete forms and harmony of emphasized individual elements in a totality. Applying these layout characteristics of the Renaissance Classicism Architectural style and to see their individual expressive features, I found out that in adopting layout principles of the Renaissance Classicism Architecture to modern fashion, it turned out to be an emphasis of individual silhouettes, a flattened space, completed objects, organic harmony among independent parts: the emphasis of individual silhouettes was expressed in individual definitiveness of formative lines of clothes in accordance with body joints and an emphasis on formative lines of clothes; the flattened space was marked by single layer structure, planarity of elements of clothes, and listing arrangement by appropriate proportion.; the completedness of the objects was expressed by the stationary state where overall image is fixed, the construction of homogeneous and complete space, and absolute inevitability of internal layout in proportion; lastly, organic harmony of independent parts was stressed in independent completedness of each detail, and organic harmony of the whole. The expressive features would lead to a unique expression style of linear emphasis, proportion, constructive forms, and two-dimensional arrangement. The meaning of this study is follows: The characteristics of art school of thought are given shape by appling & analysing the architectural layout principles of historical art school of thought to modern fashion in the view point of formal construction dimension. The applied possibility of historical art school of thought as the source of inspiration about the fashion design is extended.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.176-197
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• 2002

Backgound : This study is to suggest the standardized format of the clinical sheets and the standardized items of every clinical sheet. The standardization of the medical records will increase the faithfullnes of the contents in them and it will contribute to construct the good health information system. Method : From Jan. 1st. 2001 to March 31st 2001, we gathered as many paper clinical sheets as possible by every class of institutions to review the faithfulness of the clinical contents in them. Clinical sheets of 9 tertiary care hospitals, 6 general hospitals and 56 clinics were gathered. Two experienced medical record administrators reviewed them. The review focus was to check whether the items recommend by the hospital standardization review criteria and hospital service evaluation organization were appeared in the clinical sheets and whether the contents of every item were written. Results : Tertiary care hospitals; In case of administrative data, the contents were filled well if the items were fixed. The clinical data like C.C, history,physical examiniation were filled well, but if the items were not fixed, some items were omitted. The result is that more items are to be filled if they are fixed. General hospitals Administrative data were filled more than 50%. Final diagnosis was filled about 66.7%.But other clinical data were not filled well and not many clinical related items were appeared in the sheets.In the legal point of view, the reason for visiting hosptals or the right diagnosis, patient condition at discharge could not be confirmed well.In surgery cases, surgical procedures could not be confirmed well as many surgical related information(surgery time, fluids and blood, number of sponges, biopsy, etc) were omitted. Clinics More than 70% administrative data were filled and fixed as items. Among the clinical related data, laboratory result was the most credible data. But without the right diagnosis, drug orders were given and doctors' written signatures were not appeared over 96.4%. So the clinical sheets cannot be used as a legal document. Conculusion : There was a tendency that the contents were filled well if the items were fixed in the documents, We also suggest a clinical check list to review the completeness and faithfulness of the clinical sheets. If many hospitals use the suggested clincal check list and if they make the necessary items fixed in the clinical sheets, the quality of the medical record will increase dramatically.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.271-280
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• 2017

This study presents the application of satellite laser ranging (SLR) to orbit determination (OD) of high-Earth-orbit (HEO) satellites. Two HEO satellites are considered: the Quasi-Zenith Satellite-1 (QZS-1), a Japanese elliptical-inclinedgeosynchronous-orbit (EIGSO) satellite, and the Compass-G1, a Chinese geostationary-orbit (GEO) satellite. One week of normal point (NP) data were collected for each satellite to perform the OD based on the batch least-square process. Five SLR tracking stations successfully obtained 374 NPs for QZS-1 in eight days, whereas only two ground tracking stations could track Compass-G1, yielding 68 NPs in ten days. Two types of station bias estimation and a station data weighting strategy were utilized for the OD of QZS-1. The post-fit root-mean-square (RMS) residuals of the two week-long arcs were 11.98 cm and 10.77 cm when estimating the biases once in an arc (MBIAS). These residuals were decreased significantly to 2.40 cm and 3.60 cm by estimating the biases every pass (PBIAS). Then, the resultant OD precision was evaluated by the orbit overlap method, yielding three-dimensional errors of 55.013 m with MBIAS and 1.962 m with PBIAS for the overlap period of six days. For the OD of Compass-G1, no station weighting strategy was applied, and only MBIAS was utilized due to the lack of NPs. The post-fit RMS residuals of OD were 8.81 cm and 12.00 cm with 49 NPs and 47 NPs, respectively, and the corresponding threedimensional orbit overlap error for four days was 160.564 m. These results indicate that the amount of SLR tracking data is critical for obtaining precise OD of HEO satellites using SLR because additional parameters, such as station bias, are available for estimation with sufficient tracking data. Furthermore, the stand-alone SLR-based orbit solution is consistently attainable for HEO satellites if a target satellite is continuously trackable for a specific period.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.79-89
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• 2018

Purpose - This research aims to investigate the factors that influence consumer's overseas online shopping behavior. Consumers adopt overseas online shopping as a new buying way and more and more consumers prefer overseas online shopping than traditional shopping ways. Consumers' behaviors in this shopping experience can be different from other shopping experiences. With the increase of overseas online shopping, we need to find antecedents and results of overseas online shopping. Especially there would be positive or negative factors which influence overseas online shopping motivation. To find the relationship, this study examines self-efficacy and impulsivity as major factors which influence overseas online shopping. We also suggest that several attitude factors increase self-efficacy and it is positively related to customer satisfaction. On the other hand, we assume that overseas online shopping factors influence impulsivity of buying and it will decrease customer satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - This empirical study data were collected from Korean people who experience overseas online shopping. The subjects for this study were confined to shoppers who used overseas online shopping within the past six months. A total of 267 responses were gathered. SPSS 23.0, PLS 2.0 software were used in the data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to show sample characteristics. We examined reliability, validity test for constructs. All measurement items used seven-point scales(1= very strong disagree, 7 = very strongly agree) drawn from previously published papers. Partial Least Square method was applied to find the relationship between antecedent factors and dependent factors and hypotheses were estimated. Results - Results show that perceived superiority, perceived ease of use, perceived transaction safety, perceived behavioral control positively affect self-efficacy. Self-efficacy influences positively to consumer's post purchase satisfaction. Perceived monetary benefit and perceived uniqueness motivated impulse buying. This can make consumer's post purchase dissatisfaction. Conclusions - This paper attempted to confirm the existence of both the positive and negative faces of overseas online shopping. The result reveals that self-efficacy is a major factor which may increase satisfaction in the overseas online shopping. Usually, we can think monetary benefit and uniqueness of products motivate overseas online shopping. But it can also intrigue impulse buying and negatively affect customer relationship. Therefore companies should provide enough products information to their potential customers and they might apply adequate processes such as recommendation, comparing systems to build long term relationship with their customers.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2002

Rhtological properties of surimi gel from white fishes by acid (acid surimi) and alkali (alkali surmi) process and effect of chemicals on gelation were investigated by punch and dynamic tests. The breaking force and deformation values of heat-induced gel of acid surimi were less than their values of alkali and conventional surimi gel, and whiteness was greatly decreased, Gel point of acid surimi was decreased but it of alkali surimi was increased with increasing moisture content in the range of 80 to $85\%$. Storage modulus of acid surimi was the highest vaule in pH 6.8, but that of alkali surimi showed high value at neutral and slightly alkali pH. Propylene glycol increased storage modulus in $20\~50^{\circ}C$, hut urea and 2-mercaptoethanol suppressed it. Potassium bromide improved storage modulus in $20~80^{\circ}C$, The results suggest that alkai process is used for making surimi instead of conventional method.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.273-285
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• 2005

Genetic variation of notorious invasive plants, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) were examined using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. A total of 18 different ITS types were detected from 156 individuals of common ragweed sampled mainly from the southern part of Korean peninsula whereas four types were identified from 46 individuals of giant ragweed. High sequence diversity observed from common ragweed in Korean populations was interpreted as multiple introduction. Genetic recombination was suggested as possible method for the production of some of the ITS types while point mutation was mainly responsible for the origin of the sequence diversity. This study provided some of basic genetic information needed for understanding of the evolutionary process in ragweed during invasion.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.40-47
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• 2009

This paper proposes a method for vehicle license plate detection using mathematical morphology and symmetry. In general, the shape, color, size, and position of license plate are regulated by authorities for a better recognition by human. Among them, the relatively big intensity difference between the letter and the background region of the license plate and the symmetry about the plate are major discriminating factors for the detection. For the first, the opened image is subtracted from the closed image to intensify the region of plate using the rectangular structuring element which has the width of the distance between two characters. Second the subtraction image is average filtered with the mask size of the plate. Third, the column maximum graph of the average filtered image is acquired and the symmetry of the graph is measured at every position. Fourth, the peaks of the average filtered image are searched. Finally, the plate is assumed to be positioned around the one of local maxima nearest to the point of the highest symmetry. About 1,000 images taken by speed regulation camera are used for the experiment. The experimental result shows that the plate detection rate is about 93%.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.101-124
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• 2011

Since 1961, Aviation Act has regulated all aspects related to air transport business, aviation safety and airport. However, we are to face the new challenges that have to support air transport business more efficiently and air transportation services to the people effectively in condition of the globally competitive air transport industry. In this sense, the government proposed to devide "Aviation Act" into 'Air Transport Business Act', 'Aviation Safety Act', 'Airport Facility Act' in a timely manner. At first I am to take a look about the laws of traffic-related legislation and national laws of Japanese aviation system, and to evaluate implications. In addition, the background, the organization and the main information of the Act (Draft) will be introduced. And I would like to discuss the issues raised and suggest an alternative. In particular, the name of the Act (Draft), the specifying of airport manager operater, accounting method of airport development projects belong to the nation, the delegation of the authority and other issues are discussed to provide a starting point. In conclusion, the division of current "Aviation Act" is considered absolutely necessary. To stimulate fair competition, safety regulations and efficiency, the legislation process would be desirable in the direction of the total development of the aviation industry as well as ensuring aviation safety.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.302-310
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• 2020

In this paper, we have implemented the living waste analysis system based on IoT and AI(Artificial Intelligence), and proposed effective waste process and management method. The Jeju location have the strong point to devise a stratagem and estimate waste quantization, rather than others. Especially, we can recognized the amount variation of waste to the residence people compare to the sightseer number, and the good example a specific waste duty. Thus this paper have developed the IoT device for interconnecting the existed CCTV camera, and use the AI algorithm to analysis the waste image. By using these decision of image analysis, we can inform their deal commend and a decided information to the map of the waste cars. In order to evaluate the performance of IoT, we have experimented the electromagnetic compatibility under a national official authorization KN-32, KN61000-4-2~6, and obtained the stable experimental results. In the further experimental results, we can applicable for an data structure for precise definition command by using the simulated several waste image with artificial intelligence algorithm.