• Title/Summary/Keyword: 2 Dimensional Figure

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PIV Measurement of Viscous Flow Field in the Wake of Transom Stern (PIV기법을 이용한 트랜섬 선미 후류 점성유동장 계측)

  • Lee, Gyoung-Woo;Gim, Ok-Sok
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.35 no.10
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    • pp.805-810
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    • 2011
  • An experiment was carried out to figure out the instantaneous flow characteristics in the wake of the transom stern's 2-dimensional section by 2-frame grey level cross correlation PIV method at $Re=3.5{\times}103$, $Re=7.0{\times}103$. The stern angles of models were learning at $45^{\circ}$(Model "A"), $90^{\circ}$(Model "B") and $135^{\circ}$(Model "C") respectively based on the survey results of real ships. The depth of wetted surface is 40mm from free surface. As Reynolds number increases, vortices increase in volume and move their way to the downstream. Flow separation appeared at the end of model's bottom.

A Study on the Evaluation of Ready-Made Jacket for Women according to Pattern Size Using 3D Scanner (3D scanner를 이용한 여성복 재킷의 패턴 사이즈에 따른 착의평가 연구)

  • 서추연
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.26 no.3_4
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    • pp.390-401
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    • 2002
  • This study was to evaluate the fitness and the suitability of size specification of the ready made jacket for women by analysing pattern size and space between skin and clothing using 3D scanner. The results were as follows: 1. Pattern B had the lowest score and the feeling of wearing was significantly different among the given patterns even though all jacket size specification were the same. 2. Ease amount was different between each brand even though the jacket size specification was the same due to the different pattern grading rules. And increasing grading amounts were bigger in horizontal direction rather than in vertical direction. 3. We could obtain accurate a 3 dimensional figure, using 3D scanner which was very useful and more accurate than 2 dimensional data using photography method. 4. Analyzing the average space between skin and clothing of each pattern, there was no significant difference in the average space between skin and clothing among all patterns except waist part of B88 size. And analyzing the average space between skin and clothing of each measured body parts by each size, there existed a significant difference in the interscye, abdomen and hip parts.

Modern Fashion Design Development using Morphological Characteristics of Hanbok (한복의 형태적 특성 분석에 따른 현대 패션디자인 개발)

  • Park, Myunghee;Shim, Sangbo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.66 no.2
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    • pp.134-147
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    • 2016
  • The mainstay of modern fashion design has always been Western costumes. Though Asian costumes do get featured in collections at times, most instances are just instances of the western culture showing curiosity toward non-mainstream costumes. Until recently, Japan, which has been the most active in cultural exchanges, has been the main recipient of these curiosities, and has been used as the representative style and culture of East Asia. What needs to be let known is that Korea has its own costume style and culture, which have been developed according to its tradition and beliefs. Hanbok, which is the representative traditional costume in Korea, has existed since the beginning of the Kochosun dynasties. I started this study to figure out the design source of Hanbok's shape and develop it into a modern costume. In the fashion industry, "Mandarin Collar" and "Kimono Sleeve" are common terms, And I hope that words like 'Korean Collar' and 'Hanbok Sleeve' will one day become a household term. Hanbok contains Korea image. And its shape is formed depending on how Koreans have been treating all sorts of objects or things for many years. If my study can identify and express the unique Korean way of pattern and considering clothes, which is clearly different from those of China and Japan, I will be able to establish a concept of 'Korean style', that people of the world could come to recognize.

Free Vibrations of Arbitrary Tapered Beams with Static Deflections due to Arbitrary Distributed Dead Loads (임의분포 사하중에 정적변위를 갖는 변단면 보의 자유진동)

  • Lee, Byoung-Koo;Lee, Yong
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.50-57
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    • 1996
  • A numerical method is presented to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the arbitrary tapered beams with static deflection due to arbitrary distributed dead loads. The differential equation governing free vibration of such beams is derived and solved numerically. The double integration method using the trapezoidal rule is used to solve the static behaviour of beams loaded arbitrary distributed dead load. Also, the Improved Euler method and the determinant search method are used to integrate the differential equation subjected to the boundary conditions and to determine the natural frequencies of the beams, respectively. In the numerical examples, the various geometries of the beams are considered : (1) linearly tapered beams as the arbitrary variable cross-section, (2) the triangular, sinusoidal and uniform loads as the arbitrary distributed dead loads and (3) the hinged-hinged, clamped-clamped and hinged-clamped ends as the end constraints. All numerical results are shown as the non-dimensional forms of the system parameters. The lowest three natural frequencies versus load parameter, slenderness ratio and section ratio are reported in figures. And for the comparison purpose, the typical mode shapes with and without the effects of static deflection are presented in the figure. According to the numerical results obtained in this analysis, the following conclusions may be drawn : (1) the natural frequencies increase when the effects of static deflections are included, (2) the effects are larger at the lower modes than the higher ones and (3) it should be betteF to include the effect of static deflection for calculating the frequencies when the beams are supported by both hinged ends or one hinged end.

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The Effects of Sa-am Acupuncture on Radial Pulse in Healthy Human Subjects: A Comparative Study of Liver Tonifying and Sedating (간정격 및 간승격 자침이 정상 성인의 맥파에 미치는 영향 비교 연구)

  • Yuk, Dong Il;Jeon, Ju Hyun;Kim, Young Il;Kim, Jung Ho
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.169-185
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    • 2015
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find the effects of Sa-am liver tonifying and sedating acupuncture on radial pulse. Methods : Sixty healthy people were divided into a liver tonifying acupuncture(LTA) group, liver sedating acupuncture(LSA) group, and control group. The LTA group and LSA group received acupuncture for 20 minutes with a supine position. The Control group took a rest without receiving acupuncture. Radial pulse was measured by three dimensional pulse imaging system(DMP-3000) at four different time points (before, right after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after acupuncture). We compared the three groups and figure out determined the parameters which significantly changed after acupuncture treatment. Results : 1. Pulse period, T1/T, T4/T, (T-T4)/T, T4/(T-T4), T5/T significantly changed after acupuncture. 2. H4, pulse area, systolic pulse area, diastolic pulse area, radial augmentation index(RAI), and pulse power volume / min significantly changed after acupuncture. 3. Frequency of Fourier components, ratio of frequencies of Fourier components, magnitude of Fourier components, and ratio of magnitudes of Fourier components significantly changed after acupuncture. Conclusions : LTA and LSA have an effect on the radial pulse parameters. Further studies on radial pulse change using Sa-Am acupuncture are needed.

A Study on the Post modern Reality in Animation - Focused on Animatrix - (애니메이션에 나타난 포스트모던 리얼리티 연구 - 애니매트릭스를 중심으로 -)

  • 이준수
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.403-412
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    • 2004
  • Animation has been developed with trying a transformation of a reality continuously. The animation's trio is needed to study how the reality is expressed, transform, and developed through postmodernism, which the culture characteristic is one of culture phenomenons. First of all, to study, it s need to define what is animation and postmodernism. And then, the characteristic of postmodernism is studied to figure out how to relate with the reality in animation by the definition, and the reality is classified and expressed properly by a animation film. According to the study, the theory of simulation in animation based on Jean Baudrillard is to express the reality of post modern animation. 11 also shows what master narration is collapsed by the disorganization an outlook on consideration of an idealism and an absolutism and by the reality based on the implication aesthetic through the stream of the times. Finally, according to the combination of the genre such as the mixing 3-Dimensional and 2-Dimensional images, the appearance of the new genre is a result of the autogenous efforts in the animation which makes up the lack of the narrative due to the magical character of the hyper-realism image and the external image caused by the rapid development of technology. In this paper, the post modern reality is analyzed by a animation film such 'Animatrix', and the paper discusses how to express and re-analyze post modern reality in the animation.

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3-Dimensional Gait analysis and the relationship between lower limb alignment and knee adduction moment in elderly healthy women (3차원적 동작 분석기를 이용한 건강한 여자 노인의 하지 정렬 상태와 슬관절 내전 모멘트의 상관 관계에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, You-Mi;Lee, Wan-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.90-101
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    • 2003
  • Gait analysis can provide a better understanding of how the alignment of the lower limb and foot can contribute to force observed at the knee. Anatomic and mechanical factors that affect loading in the knee pint can contribute to pathologic change seen at the knee in degenerative pint disease and should be considered in treatment plan. The purpose of this study is to present the gait analysis data and to determine whether there is any relationships between alignment of the lower limb, foot progression angle and knee pint moments in elderly healthy women with 3-dimensional motion analyzer. The results were as follows; 1. Cadence showed 114.8 steps/min, gait speed showed 1.05 m/s, time per a stride showed 1.06 sec, time per a step showed 0.53 sec, single-supporting phase was 0.41 sec, double-supporting phase was 0.24 sec, stride length was 1.04 m, Step length was 0.56 m. 2. According to the parameters of kinematics, the maximal knee flexion angle through swing phase showed left $46.82^{\circ}$, right $40.19^{\circ}$ and the maximal knee extension angle showed left $-1.32^{\circ}$, right $2.01^{\circ}$. knee varus showed left $26.90^{\circ}$, right $30.93^{\circ}$. 3. Moment, one of kinetic parameters of knee pint the maximal flexion moment showed left 0.363. Nm/kg, right 0.464 Nm/kg and maximal extension moment showed left 0.389 Nm/kg, right 0.463 Nm/kg. The maximal. adduction moment showed left 0.332 Nm/kg, right 0.379 Nm/kg and the maximal internal rotatory moment showed left 0.13 Nm/kg, right 0.140 Nm/kg. 4. On sagittal plane, the maximal power of knee joint showed left 0.571 J/kg, right 0.629 J/kg. On coronal plane, the maximal power of knee joint showed left 0.11 J/kg, right 0.12 J/kg. On transverse plane, the maximal power of knee joint showed left 0.058 J/kg, right 0.072 J/kg. 5. The subject who had varus alignment of the lower extremity had statistically higher in knee adduction moment in mid stance phase. 6. The subject who had large foot progression angle had statistically lower in knee adduction moment in late stance phase. A relationship was observed between the alignment of the lower extremity and the adduction moment of the knee joint during stance phase. Hence, we need some research to figure, out the change of adduction moment according to the sort of knee joint osteoarthritis and the normal geriatrics as well. And we also require more effective, specific therapeutic program by making use of those background of researches.

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The Impact of Market Environments on Optimal Channel Strategy Involving an Internet Channel: A Game Theoretic Approach (시장 환경이 인터넷 경로를 포함한 다중 경로 관리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 게임 이론적 접근방법)

  • Yoo, Weon-Sang
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.119-138
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    • 2011
  • Internet commerce has been growing at a rapid pace for the last decade. Many firms try to reach wider consumer markets by adding the Internet channel to the existing traditional channels. Despite the various benefits of the Internet channel, a significant number of firms failed in managing the new type of channel. Previous studies could not cleary explain these conflicting results associated with the Internet channel. One of the major reasons is most of the previous studies conducted analyses under a specific market condition and claimed that as the impact of Internet channel introduction. Therefore, their results are strongly influenced by the specific market settings. However, firms face various market conditions in the real worlddensity and disutility of using the Internet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of various market environments on a firm's optimal channel strategy by employing a flexible game theory model. We capture various market conditions with consumer density and disutility of using the Internet.

    shows the channel structures analyzed in this study. Before the Internet channel is introduced, a monopoly manufacturer sells its products through an independent physical store. From this structure, the manufacturer could introduce its own Internet channel (MI). The independent physical store could also introduce its own Internet channel and coordinate it with the existing physical store (RI). An independent Internet retailer such as Amazon could enter this market (II). In this case, two types of independent retailers compete with each other. In this model, consumers are uniformly distributed on the two dimensional space. Consumer heterogeneity is captured by a consumer's geographical location (ci) and his disutility of using the Internet channel (${\delta}_{N_i}$).
    shows various market conditions captured by the two consumer heterogeneities.
    (a) illustrates a market with symmetric consumer distributions. The model captures explicitly the asymmetric distributions of consumer disutility in a market as well. In a market like that is represented in
    (c), the average consumer disutility of using an Internet store is relatively smaller than that of using a physical store. For example, this case represents the market in which 1) the product is suitable for Internet transactions (e.g., books) or 2) the level of E-Commerce readiness is high such as in Denmark or Finland. On the other hand, the average consumer disutility when using an Internet store is relatively greater than that of using a physical store in a market like (b). Countries like Ukraine and Bulgaria, or the market for "experience goods" such as shoes, could be examples of this market condition. summarizes the various scenarios of consumer distributions analyzed in this study. The range for disutility of using the Internet (${\delta}_{N_i}$) is held constant, while the range of consumer distribution (${\chi}_i$) varies from -25 to 25, from -50 to 50, from -100 to 100, from -150 to 150, and from -200 to 200.
    summarizes the analysis results. As the average travel cost in a market decreases while the average disutility of Internet use remains the same, average retail price, total quantity sold, physical store profit, monopoly manufacturer profit, and thus, total channel profit increase. On the other hand, the quantity sold through the Internet and the profit of the Internet store decrease with a decreasing average travel cost relative to the average disutility of Internet use. We find that a channel that has an advantage over the other kind of channel serves a larger portion of the market. In a market with a high average travel cost, in which the Internet store has a relative advantage over the physical store, for example, the Internet store becomes a mass-retailer serving a larger portion of the market. This result implies that the Internet becomes a more significant distribution channel in those markets characterized by greater geographical dispersion of buyers, or as consumers become more proficient in Internet usage. The results indicate that the degree of price discrimination also varies depending on the distribution of consumer disutility in a market. The manufacturer in a market in which the average travel cost is higher than the average disutility of using the Internet has a stronger incentive for price discrimination than the manufacturer in a market where the average travel cost is relatively lower. We also find that the manufacturer has a stronger incentive to maintain a high price level when the average travel cost in a market is relatively low. Additionally, the retail competition effect due to Internet channel introduction strengthens as average travel cost in a market decreases. This result indicates that a manufacturer's channel power relative to that of the independent physical retailer becomes stronger with a decreasing average travel cost. This implication is counter-intuitive, because it is widely believed that the negative impact of Internet channel introduction on a competing physical retailer is more significant in a market like Russia, where consumers are more geographically dispersed, than in a market like Hong Kong, that has a condensed geographic distribution of consumers.
    illustrates how this happens. When mangers consider the overall impact of the Internet channel, however, they should consider not only channel power, but also sales volume. When both are considered, the introduction of the Internet channel is revealed as more harmful to a physical retailer in Russia than one in Hong Kong, because the sales volume decrease for a physical store due to Internet channel competition is much greater in Russia than in Hong Kong. The results show that manufacturer is always better off with any type of Internet store introduction. The independent physical store benefits from opening its own Internet store when the average travel cost is higher relative to the disutility of using the Internet. Under an opposite market condition, however, the independent physical retailer could be worse off when it opens its own Internet outlet and coordinates both outlets (RI). This is because the low average travel cost significantly reduces the channel power of the independent physical retailer, further aggravating the already weak channel power caused by myopic inter-channel price coordination. The results implies that channel members and policy makers should explicitly consider the factors determining the relative distributions of both kinds of consumer disutility, when they make a channel decision involving an Internet channel. These factors include the suitability of a product for Internet shopping, the level of E-Commerce readiness of a market, and the degree of geographic dispersion of consumers in a market. Despite the academic contributions and managerial implications, this study is limited in the following ways. First, a series of numerical analyses were conducted to derive equilibrium solutions due to the complex forms of demand functions. In the process, we set up V=100, ${\lambda}$=1, and ${\beta}$=0.01. Future research may change this parameter value set to check the generalizability of this study. Second, the five different scenarios for market conditions were analyzed. Future research could try different sets of parameter ranges. Finally, the model setting allows only one monopoly manufacturer in the market. Accommodating competing multiple manufacturers (brands) would generate more realistic results.

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  • 액화석유가스(LPG) 지하저장기지에서의 TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction)탐사

    • Cha, Seong-Su
      • Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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      • v.5 no.2
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      • pp.75-86
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      • 2002
    • A TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction) survey which is modified VSP(Vertical Seismic Profiling) survey applied in tunnel was carried out at Pyongtaek and Incheon liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) storage cavern during excavation. The TSP survey in Pyongtaek LPG storage cavern which is located below Namyangho was performed to confirm the location and orientation of the fault detected at pre-investigation stage. The TSP survey was carried out in access tunnel, construction tunnel, and watercurtain tunnel to characterize 3 dimensional figure of the fault. The results of TSP survey are compared four in vestigation boreholes drilled in shelter of access tunnel. The fault was also detected by borehole survey and the location was coincided with the result of TSP survey. Depending on the result of TSP survey and core logging, the design such as cavern layout and length was changed. Another TSP survey was performed in Incheon LPG storage cavern which is located below sea. Because of poor geological information at pre-investigation stage and suffering from heavy leakage of groundwater, the TSP survey to detect fracture zone was carried out. The support and grouting design was reflected by the result of TSP survey.

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    An Investigation on Flow Stability with Damping of Flow Oscillations in CANDU-6 heat Transport System (CANDU-6 열수송 계통의 유동 진동감쇠에 의한 유동안정성 연구)

    • 김태한;심우건;한상구;정종식;김선철
      • Journal of KSNVE
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      • v.6 no.2
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      • pp.163-177
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      • 1996
    • An investigation on thermohydraulic stability of flow oscillations in the CANada Deuterium Uranium-600(CANDU-6) heat transport system has been conducted. Flow oscillations in reactor coolant loops, comprising two heat sources and two heat sinks in series, are possibly caused by the response of the pressure to extraction of fluid in two-phase region. This response consists of two contributions, one arising from mass and another from enthalpy change in the two-phase region. The system computer code used in the investigation os SOPHT, which is capable of simulating steady states as well as transients with varying boundary conditions. The model was derived by linearizing and solving one-dimensional, homogeneous single- and two-phase flow conservation equations. The mass, energy and momentum equations with boundary conditions are set up throughout the system in matrix form based on a node-link structure. Loop stability was studied under full power conditions with interconnecting the two compressible two phase regions in the figure-of-eight circuit. The dominant function of the interconnecting pipe is the transfer of mass between the two-phase regions. Parametric survey of loop stability characteristics, i. e., damping ratio and period, has been made as a function of geometrical parameters of the interconnection line such as diameter, length, height and orifice flow coefficient. The stability characteristics with interconnection line has been clarified to provide a simple criterion to be used as a guide in scaling of the pipe.

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