• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2010

지표위의 어떤 지점에서의 지구자기의 수평분력 방향과 진북방향 사이의 각을 편각(Declination)이라고 정의한다. 쉽게 말하면 편각은 나침반의 자침이 가러 키는 방향과 진북방향과의 사이 각을 말한다. 대부분의 사람들은 나침반의 자침이 북자기극(North magnetic pole)을 가러킨다고 잘못알고 있다. 지구 다이나모설(Geodynamo theory)에 의하면 주로 철(약 90%)로 구성된 외핵 속에서 계속 생성 유지되고 있는 복잡한 (각각 나선형(helical)의 회전축에 대체로 평행하거나 평행하지 않은) 대류(Convection currents)에 수반하는 전류가 복잡한 지구자기장을 형성한다. 지표상에서 측정한 지구자기장의 자료를 Spherical harmonic analysis 으로 분석하면 한 개의 커다란 쌍극자(Dipole) (Inclined geocentric dipole 또는 주된 자기장(Main field) 이라고 부름), 적도쌍극자(Equatorial dipole), 4극자 (Quadrupoles), 8극자(Octupoles) 등의 여러 개의 크고 작은 쌍극자들의 총합이 지구자기장의 근원인 것처럼 해석되고 있다. 어떤 지점에서의 지구자기장의 방향은 외핵에서 생성된 천체 자기장에서 Main field를 제거한 나머지 자기장과, 상부 맨틀(upper mantle), 지각 및 지표상에 존재하는 인공 물체 또는 암석 및 광석 등의 잔류자기 및 유도자기 그리고 지형 등의 영향으로 결정된다. 어떤 지점에서의 지구자기장의 방향은 태양풍(Solar wind)과 전리층 사이의 상호작용 등의 외부자장(external field)의 영향도 받는다. 비쌍극자 자장(Non-dipole field)은 지표상에서 측정되는 총자기장에서 외핵에서 생성된 주된 자기장(Main field) 즉, 지구의 회전축에서 약 11.5도 기울어진 쌍극자 자장을 제거하고 남는 자기장을 말한다. 따라서 편각은 비쌍극자자장의 영향을 가장 많이 받는다. 비쌍극자 자장은 정지한 상태의 자장(standing field) 과 매년 서쪽으로 약 0.2도 움직이는 Westward drift하는 자장으로 크게 두 가지로 구분된다. 쌍극자 자장의 방향은 매우 느리게 변하지만 그 세기는 현재 비교적으로 빠르게 약해지고 있다. 비교적으로 매우 빠르게 변하는 비쌍극자 자장의 변화를 영년변화(Secular variation) 이라고 한다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 1990

Slime sampless from 10 ratating biological contactor (RBC) plants in New Jersey were microscopically examined. Filamentous bacteria such as Type 1701, Type 0041, Type 021N, Nocardia, Beggiatoa, and Sphaerotilus, which are commonly present as suspended forms also were found in RBC slimes growing as attached forms. However, the abundance wwas much different from that of activated sludge. In RBC slimes, Beggiatoa was most frequently observed filamentous bacteria and Sphaerotilus, Type 0041, Type 1701, Type 021N and Nocardia were present in decreasing order of abundance. There were morphologically two different types of Behhiatia in RBC slimes. The statistical anaysis shows that filamentous bacterial poulations between the 100 cm inside and the outside the RBC were different in most cases with significant interactions between the location and stage.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.223-255
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• 2004

이 논문은 Carlsson and Stanklewicz(1991)가 창안한 기술시스템(technological systems)의 개념을 한국과 스웨덴의 산업용로봇에 적용하여, 양자를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 먼저 기술시스템의 개념을 재구축하고, 동태적인 측면에서 시스템의 진화과정을 보강한 다음, 한국과 스웨덴의 산업용로봇에 대한 기존 연구를 활용하여 양 기술시스템의 중요한 특징들을 비교하고 그 성과를 측정하였다. 한국과 스웨덴에 있어서 산업용로봇 기술시스템의 진화과정은 공히 미국, 일본 등 기술선도국을 모방하는 입장에 있었음에도 불구하고 '학습기간'이 20여 년 이상 소요됨을 보여주었다. 뿐만 아니라 양 시스템의 진화과정. 특히 태동기(embryo stage)에 있어서 정부의 역할이 매우 컸던 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 기술시스템의 구성요소인 산업네트워크, 기술하부구조, 그리고 제도적하부구조 면에서 강약점 및 특징의 차이가 있음을 발견하였다. 기술시스템의 동태적 성과면에서는 한국의 경우가 스웨덴의 경우보다 상대적으로 더 우월한 것으로 평가되었다. 이는 스웨덴 시스템에서는 초기에 우위를 누렸던 기계, 전기, 그리고 메카트로닉스 기술의 우위와 사용자 능력이 점차 약화되어온 반면에 한국의 시스템은 기술하부구조 등이 취약하였지만 해외시스템과의 연계, 재벌 내에서의 기업간 연계, 산학연 협동, 그리고 지역내 연계 등 시스템내의 연계성이 기술적으로 취약한 부분을 보전해 주었기 때문인 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 어느 한 기술시스템이 자생적으로 생명력을 이어가기 위해서는 시스템 구성요소의 개별적 형성 및 발전보다는 구성요소간 그리고 시스템내의 다양한 활동주체들의 상호작용과 연계성이 중요함을 강조하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 1980

A formula for calculation of the magnetic moments for octahedral $[Ti(III)A_3B_3]$ type complexes with axial symmetry has been developed and the magnetic moments for these complexes are calculated, using the experimental values of the distortion parameters$({\delta})$, spin-orbit coupling constants and orbital reduction factors. The calculated magnetic moments for axially distorted octahedral $[Ti(III)A_3B_3]$ type complexes are in resonable agreement with the experimental valuest It is found that the calculated magnetic moments decrease as the extent of axial distortion increases and the orbital reduction factor decreases. A calculation method of the magnetic moments for octahedral $[Ti(III)A_3B_3]$ type complexes which are in a ligand field of lower than axial symmetry has also been developed and the structure of distorted octahedral $[Ti(III)A_3B_3]$ type complexes are discussed on the basis of the of the calculated magnetic moments.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.166-184
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• 1997

The Wondong caldea is a deeply eroded structure that offers spectacular exposures through the core and margins of a resurgent caldera. The Wondong Tuff and the postcollapse intrusions range from medium-silica rhyolite to rhyodacite in composition and the postcollapse lava and tuff, preresurgent and resurgent intrusions also range from medium-silica rhyolite to an-desite, which jump to gap dacite composition. The continuous compositional zonations generally define a large stratified magma system in the postcollapse and resurgent magma chamber. Isotopic and trace element evidence suggest that the compositional zonations might have resulted from the differentiations from crystal fractionations of a parental andesitic magma, accompanying a little contamination from the crustal assimilations near the chamber roof and wall. But chemically and isotopically distinct late intusions might have resulted from emplacement of any different magma batch.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2 s.40
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• pp.116-126
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• 2005

The Precambrian quartzite and calc-schist layers experienced multi-1310ing events are distributed along the two kinds of U-shaped 1310 (Fold I and II) with $N10^{\circ}E-directed$ fo1d axis in Wollong-myeon, Gwangtan-myeon, Jori-myeon of Paju city, the northeastern part of Gyeonggido. Occurrence of 10 layers of quartzite and 4 layers of calc-schist is not clear whether quartzite and schist layers were deposited sequentially each other or one to two layers of quartzite and schist were distributed repeatedly by isoclinal folding and thrusting, because of lack of sedimentary structures. In this paper, we tried to clarify the correlative relationship among the quartzite beds which are distributed along the U-shaped folds using geochemical tools such as rare earth element (REE) patterns and Nd isotope ratio. Quartzites have characteristics of LREE-flattened, HREE- slightly depleted patterns. They also show Ce negative anomaly whereas there are no Eu anomalies. As a result, quartzite beds occurred along the bilateral sides of fold axis show very similar REE patterns from outer side to inner side of 1314. The Nd model age of quartzite layers shows a trend that the inner part of fold is younger than the outer part of it. Such geochemical characteristics suggest that bilateral quartzite beds occurred along the fold axis were derived from the cogenetic source materials. The REE patterns and trace element geochemistry of mica schist intercalated within quartzite indicate that the quartzite and mica schist may be derived from different source materials. Our results suggest that REE and Nd isotope geochemistries may be very useful in clarifying the relationship of sedimentary deposits which do not show stratigraphical and structural connections in the field.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.199-208
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• 1974

An attempt was made to study on new method for the extraction of the regulatory proteins from myofibrils, and the procedures for the preparation of desensitized actomyosin and for complete extraction of troponin-tropomyosin complex were developed. When myofibrils were treated through the procedures developed in this study, actomyosin obtained had no Ca-sensitivity, indicating that Ca-sensitizing protein factor had been removed completely from myofibril. Consequently, it was concluded that the procedures developed in this study were convenient to test whether Ca-sensitizing proteins has been removed or not. When Mg-activated ATPase activity of myofibril were measured, the myofibrillar ATPase turned into the actomyosin type ATPase with the progress of the treatment. This result was interpreted to show that the regulatory proteins of the myofibril seems to play a cementing role on the structure of myofibril. When supernatant containing the regulatory proteins were fractionated with $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ saturation solution, regulatory proteins, ${\alpha}-actinin$ and troponia-tropomyosin complex, could be obtained and they showed their typical phyoislogical activity which modify the actin-myosin interaction. The amount of troponin-tropomyosin complex in myofibril was 72 mg per g myofibril. This result was in good agreement with the results reported by many investigators, and therefore it was concluded that our procedures for the extraction of troponin-tropomyosin complex were desirable to study on the quantitative analysis of troponin-tropomyosin complex.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2019

Pay-to-Win (P2W) is a billing system that pays cash in-game and has a impact on results and it has been criticized by users. Research on the adolescent users and the effect of the P2W is insufficient. In this regard, this study compares the game billing in P2W and non-P2W based on self-esteem. As a result, systems showed the interaction effect on the game billing with the self-esteem. In the non-P2W, game billing increased when the self-esteem was high, whereas the billing increased rapidly as the self-esteem was low in the P2W.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.81-98
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• 1999

The influence of tunnelling on buildings has become an important issue in urban areas. The problem is an interactive one: not only do tunnelling settlements affect existing structures, but existing structures affect tunnel-induced soil movements. In order to examine the constraint of surface settlement and the degradation of building damage parameters, 3-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element analyses are peformed. Also, in this paper, the results of the parametric studies for the variations of the damage parameters due to the ground movements are presented by utilizing 2-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element models, totally 162 models. The width of a structure, its bending and axial stiffness, its position relative to the tunnel and the depth of tunnel are considered. The interaction is shown by reference to commonly-used building damage parameters, namely angular distortion, deflection ratio, maximum building settlements, maximum differential settlements and horizontal strain. By introducing relative stiffness parameters which combine the bending and axial stiffness of the structure with its width and stiffness of soil, design curves are established. These give a guide as to the likely modification of the greenfield settlement trough caused by a surface structure. They can be used to give initial estimates of likely building damage.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.261-292
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explain the process of meaning construction on children's happiness by mothers with young children. The study participants were 16 mothers with young children. The data were collected through the interviews which were conducted during 10 months from March, 2013 to December, 2013. The Data were analyzed according to a grounded theory methodology. The process of meaning construction on children's happiness by mothers included 4 stages, which are as follows. 'Following inseparated social desire and demands', 'Looking around my desire and children's happiness', 'Rearranging interlacing desire' and 'Going to find my children's happiness and my happiness'. And the stages were interacting mothers'time perspectives and diverse ecosystems. Based on the results, the study discussed the characters of interaction on time perspectives and parenting, and discussed influences of meaning construction on happiness.