• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2014

It is necessary to perform a dynamic analysis to numerically evaluate the effect of blasting on nearby facilities. The blast load time history, which cannot be directly measured, is most often determined from empirical equation. The load has to be adjusted to account for various factors influencing the load and the frequency, but there is not a clear guideline on how to adjust the load. In this study, a series of 2D dynamic numerical analyses that simulates a closely monitored test blasting is performed, from which the blast load that matches the measured vibrations are derived. In the analyses, it is assumed that the hole generated by the blasting is in the form of a circle, and the load was applied normally to the wall of the opening. Special attention was given in selecting the damping ratio for the ground, since it has important influence on the wave propagation and attenuation characteristics of the blast induce waves. The damping ratio was selected such that it matches favorably with the attenuation curve of the measurement. The analyses demonstrate that the empirical blast load widely used in practice highly overstimates the vibration since it does not account for the energy loss due to rock fragmentation. If the empirical load is used without proper adjustment, the numerical analysis may seriously overstimate the predicted vibration, and thus has to be reduced in the analysis.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.165-170
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• 2003

Recently, resistivity surveys have been frequently carried out over the irregular terrain such as mountainous area. Such an irregular terrain itself can produce significant anomalies which may lead to misinterpretations. In this study, topographic effects in resistivity survey were studied using the physical scale modeling as well as the numerical one adopting finite element method. The scale modeling was conducted at a pond, so that we could avoid the edge effect, the inherent problem of the scale modeling conducted in a water tank in laboratory. The modeling experiments for two topographic features, a ridge and a valley with various slope angles, confirmed that the results by the two different modeling techniques coincide with each other fairly well for all the terrain models. These experiments adopting dipole-dipole array showed the distinctive terrain effects, such that a ridge produces a high apparent resistivity anomaly at the ridge center flanked by zones of lower apparent resistivity. On the other hand, a valley produces the opposite anomaly pattern, a central low flanked by highs. As the slope of a terrain model becomes steeper, the terrain-induced anomalies become stronger, and moreover, apparent resistivity can become even negative for the model with extremely high slope angle. All the modeling results led us to the conclusion that terrain effects should be included in the numerical modeling and/or the inversion process to interpret data acquired at the rugged terrain area.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.839-844
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• 2024

This study analytically analyzed the impact of underground structure displacement behavior on track damage due to adjacent excavation work, ground deterioration, and changes in groundwater level. The concrete track that was the subject of the study was analyzed for sleeper floating track(STEDEF) and precast concrete slab track(B2S). Sleeper floating track is a track structure in which the concrete bed and sleepers are voided. precast concrete slab track is a track structure that induces the elastic behavior of the rail by assembling rails and fasteners using slabs. For numerical analysis, each concrete track, from rail to concrete bed, was modeled as three-dimensional elements. In addition, the displacement behavior of the underground structure was set as a variable to analyze the damage effect on the concrete bed. Using numerical analysis, the concrete bed stress due to uplift and subsidence was analyzed, and the level of crack effect was analyzed by comparing it to the tensile strength and shear strength. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the sleeper floating track was more vulnerable than the precast concrete slab track when the same uplift and subsidence occurred. In addition, uplift and subsidence, it was analyzed that the cracks range in the sleeper floating track was large.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2017

갈수시 하천의 수질문제는 다양한 요인에 의해 발생하고 제어된다. 수질 그 자체는 상류나 지류의 점오염원과 비점오염원의 증가 또는 예상치 못한 추가적인 오염원의 유출에 직접 영향을 받으며, 조류 등의 발생도 영향인자인 수온 및 일사량 또는 바람에 의존적이다. 최근 수년간은 특히 빈번한 가뭄조건의 발생으로 인하여 갈수기의 강우 및 유출량이 저조하여 상대적으로 하천의 조류발생이 다수 발견되고 보고된 바 있다. 이와 같은 수질의 이상상태를 일시적으로라도 제어하기 위한 방편으로 유량의 증가, 인위적인 하천 수위의 변동 및 유속 변동 등이 고려될 수 있으며, 이를 위해서는 상류의 댐과 하천의 다기능보 등의 조절을 탄력적으로 수행하여야 한다. 이와 같은 시설물 운영효과는 수질문제의 원인을 근본적으로 해결하는 것은 아니지만, 이의 일시적인 효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 기존의 수리 수질 모델링이 이상 수질 발생시의 방제 및 사후분석 등을 중심으로 이루어진 부분을 넘어서, 사전 설정된 조건에 의한 예측모의와 가이드라인의 연계방식이 효과적일 것이다. 본 연구는 수질 이상이 빈번히 발생되었던 낙동강의 칠곡 하류 하천을 중심으로 2차원 CE-QUAL-W2 모형과 EFDC모형을 병행 모의하여 다기능보 인근의 표층과 저층의 수온(밀도) 성층화 및 이의 해소와 관련된 수리모의 및 수질인자에 대한 영향을 분석하였다. 수리모형 구축의 적정성은 현장의 실측 수온과 모의결과 비교를 통해 확인하였으며, 구축된 수리 수질 모델을 이용하여 추가방류량 3~23백만$m^3$ 규모에서 발생하는 수리적인 수층혼합 현상과 일시적으로 저감가능한 수질개선 효과가 의미있는 수준으로 나타날 수 있음을 예측하였다. 또한, 다기능보의 수문방류 모의시에 개방조건을 0.3~3.5m로 달리하여 방류기간 중 총방류량이 유사하더라도 최대방류량 또는 유속이 충분치 않은 경우에는 혼합효과가 급격히 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 연구에서 밝혀진 조건들을 향후 보다 효과적으로 수치모의하기 위한 방안으로서 EFDC모형의 내부경계조건을 다기능보의 문비조건(RSG, Lift 등)에 맞게 조정하는 방법을 제안하고 그 적용성을 검토한 뒤 모형을 부분 수정하여 제시하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.505-512
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• 2021

A 3D model was developed to calculate the UV intensity of a submerged-type UV disinfection reactor. Numerical experiments were conducted by inputting the design factors of an open channel-type disinfection reactor and a pipe-type disinfection reactor that were installed in an actual sewage treatment plant. The following data were obtained: The average UV intensity of the installed open channel-type reactor and pipe-type reactor was 7.87 mW/cm² and 13.09 mW/cm², respectively; the UV dose reflecting the UV irradiation time and taking into account attenuation effects such as mixing imbalance, lamp aging, temperature, and fouling, was expected to be 21.1 mJ/cm² and 24.8 mJ/cm², respectively, and these values are 5 % and 24 % higher than the target UV dose of 20 mJ/cm², respectively. By using the UV3D model, the optimal lamp position, which maximizes the average UV intensity without changing the size of the disinfection reactor or lamp output power, can be found. In this case, by only adjusting the lamp position, the average UV intensity can be increased by 0.9 % for the open channel-type and 0.5 % for the pipe-type, respectively. A better average UV intensity can be obtained by model simulation. By adjusting the horizontal and vertical ratio of the open channel-type reactor and by moving the lamp position, the average UV intensity can be increased by 7.4 % more than the present case.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2010

Minkowski sum of two polyedra is an operation to compute the sum of all pairs of points contained in the polyhedra. It has been a very useful tool to solve many geometric problems arising in the areas of robotics, NC machining, solid modeling, and so on. However, very few algorithms have been proposed to compute Minkowski sum of polyhedra, because computing Minkowski sum boundaries is susceptible to roundoff errors. We propose an algorithm to robustly compute the Minkowski sum boundaries by employing the controlled linear perturbation scheme to prevent numerically ambiguous and degenerate cases from occurring. According to our experiments, our algorithm computes the Minkowski sum boundaries with the precision of $10^{-14}$ by perturbing the vertices of the input polyhedra up to $10^{-10}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.3 s.32
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• pp.309-321
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• 1997

The prediction of the dynamic response of a bridge resulting from passing vehicles across the span is a significant problem in bridge design. In this paper. the static and dynamic experiments are performed to understand the dynamic behavior of an actual two-span steel plate girder bridge. The road surface roughness of the roadway and bridge deck is directly measured by Intelligent Total Station. Numerical scheme to obtain the dynamic responses of the bridges in consideration of measuring road surface roughness and 3-D vehicle model is also presented. The bridge and vehicle are modeled as 3-D bridge and vehicle model, respectively. The main girder and concrete deck are modeled as beam and shell elements, respectively and rigid link is used for the structure between main girder and concrete deck. Bridge-vehicle interaction equations are derived and the impact factors of the responses for different vehicle speeds are calculated and compared with those predicted by several foreign specifications.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.7-16
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• 2000

This paper reports a methodology and its application for extracting cell capacitances and parasitic capacitances in a stacked DRAM cell structure by a numerical technique. To calculate the cell and parasitic capacitances, we employed finite element method (FEM), The three-dimensional DRAM cell structure is generated by solid modeling based on two-dimensional mask layout and transfer data. To obtain transfer data for generating three-dimensional simulation structure, topography simulation is performed. In this calculation, an exemplary structure comprising 4 cell capacitors with a dimension of $2.25{\times}1.75{\times}3.45{\mu}m^3$, 70,078 nodes with 395,064 tetrahedra were used in ULTRA SPARC 10 workstation. The total CPU time for the simulation was about 25 minutes, while the memory size of 201MB was required. The calculated cell capacitance is 24.34fF per cell, and the influential parasitic capacitances in a stacked DRAM cell are investigated.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.425-438
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• 2019

A scaled model test was performed to evaluate the stability of subway twin tunnels excavated in the sedimentary rocks with subhorizontal bedding planes. The size of studied tunnel was 6.2 m×6.8 m and pillar width was 4 m. The anisotropic model test specimen was manufactured with the modeling materials suitable for in-situ rocks by way of dimensional analysis. Fracture and deformation behaviors of tunnels according to applied loads were investigated through the biaxial compression test. As the load was increased on the model specimen, the first crack occurred in the middle part of the pillar across twin tunnels and the gradual fractures progressed at crown and floor of twin tunnels. All the cracks in pillar were generated along the existing bedding planes so that they were found to be the main cause of the pillar failure. In addition, the test results were verified by numerical analysis on the experimental conditions using FLAC ubiquitous joint model. The distribution of plastic regions obtained from numerical analysis were in general agreement with test results, confirming the reliability of the scaled model test conducted in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2012

This paper aims to estimate the carbon dioxide stocks in forests using airborne LiDAR data with a density of approximate 4.4 points per meter square. To achieve this goal, a processing chain consisting of bare earth Digital Terrain Model(DTM) extraction and individual tree top detection has been developed. As results of this experiment, the reliable DTM with type-II errors of 3.32% and tree positions with overall accuracy of 66.26% were extracted in the study area. The total estimated carbon dioxide stocks in the study area using extracted 3-D forests structures well suited with the traditional method by field measurements upto 7.2% error level. This results showed that LiDAR technology is highly valuable for replacing the existing forest resources inventory.