• Title/Summary/Keyword: 2차림

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An Analytical Study on the Youngjeob Dogam Youn-hyangsek Euigwae of Choson Dynasty-(1609, 1634, 1643 year)- (조선왕조(朝鮮王朝)의 영접도감(迎接都監) 연향색의궤(宴享色儀軌)에 관한 분석적(分析的) 연구(硏究) 하마연(下馬宴), 상마연(上馬宴)의 상(床)차림과 그 찬품구성에 관하여-(1609년(年), 1634년(年), 1643년(年)의 의궤(儀軌)를 중심(中心)으로)-)

  • Kim, Sang-Bo;Lee, Sung-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.43-54
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    • 1992
  • To analyze reception dishes of Choson Dynasty, studied historic book ‘Youngjeob Dogam Younhyangsek Euigwae’ (1609, 1634, 1643 year) described feast dishes for Chinese envoy in Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1. The feast dishes consisted of the first main feast dishes (下馬宴, 上馬宴), the second main feast dishes (翌日宴, 請宴 and etc) and the third main feast dishes (別茶啖). 2. 下馬宴, 上馬宴 were arranged in four kinds of tale, the first one called the main table, the second the right side table, the third the left side table, the fourth the confronting side table. Dishes of main table were oil and honey pastry and fruits. Dishes of the second table and the third table were oil and honey pastry, and small cake made of honey and rice with patterns pressed in it. Dishes of the fourth table were cooked vegetable, dried slices of meat seasoned with spices, cooked meat, and fried fish. In feast, Chinese envoy drank 11 cups (1609 year) and 5 cups (1634 year) of liquor. At the first cup they abalones soup, others in a small round table (初味), a small boiled meet (小膳) and a large boiled meat (大膳), at a second cup eat (二味), at third cup eat (三味)..., at eleventh cup, they eat (十一味) and fruits.

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Studies of Vegetation Structure Analysis and Anticipation of Vegetation Change due to Global Warming on Secondary Forest in Ecotone (추이대 2차림의 식생구조 분석과 온난화에 따른 식생의 변화 예측에 대한 연구 - 두륜산을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Sung-Je;Ahn, Young-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.365-377
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    • 2011
  • This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the second forest vegetation located in Mt. Duryun affiliated to the ecotone in southern part of Korea, and foreseeing vegetation change based on component species and dominant species on canopy. The second forest vegetation is classified into 3 community units as Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community, Dendropanax morbiferus-Quercus acuta community and Chamaecyparis obtusa plantation. This research is also expatiated on the relationship between the distribution of communities and the environmental conditions. Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community will be succession horizontally and gradually from the part where Quercus variabilis is dominated relatively at first to the other part in the community, according to the component species of deciduous broad-leaved forest in the warm-temperate zone and evergreen broad-leaved forest as Camellietea japonicae.

Changes of Land Use Pattern due to Urbanization in Taejon Korea (도시화에 따른 대전시 토지이용의 변화)

  • 강신호
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.154-161
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    • 2000
  • The objectives of this study were to determine how land use pattern in Taejon the sixth largest city in Korea has changed with urbanization. Degree of green naturalness (DGN) was used to analyze land use pattern from 1990 to 1998. Number of 1km$\times$1km grids numbers of satistical land use data and compared rate of population increase quantified land use pat-tern. The rate of population increase of Taejon was 27.8% from 1990 to 1998. Eight degrees of DGN were identified with secondary forest(grade 7) occupied the largest area (203 grids: 37.5%) of the total 541 grids in 1998. The changes in land use were compared among 1990, 1994 and 1998. Grade 1 increased by 9 grids while grade 2 decreased by 6 grids. Likewise paddy field decreased by 10km2 from 62 to 52km2 dry field and forest also decreased by 4km2 and 1km2 respectively while residence and factories increased by 10km2 and 0.5km2 respec-tively. The green space was mostly distributes in a national park and greenbelts in the outer zone of the city. As a result paddy and dry fields in central area of the city have been changed to residential and industrial areas. The city environment in term of DGN reduced its quality and quantity.

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Basic Studies on the Plant Ecosystem for the Environmental Conservation in Masan District (마산지역의 환경보전을 위한 식물생태계의 기초연구)

  • 이경재;이명우
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.79-94
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    • 1985
  • This study was carried out to give basic information about the environmental conservation in Masan District. It included the actual vegetation the degree of human disturbance of vegetation, plant biomass and biomass production. The natural vegetation was nonexistent and the major plant communities of the secondary forest was P. thunbergii-Q. acutissima and Quercus forest. P. thunbergii-Q. acutissima community area was 29.2% of Masan District and the secondary forest and the afforestation area was 48% and 13% of Masan District respectively. The ecological diversity of the plant community was high value in Q. acutissima- P. thunbergii, Q.aliena and Carpinus laxiflora-Q.variabilis communicty. As the investigation of the ecological succession in Masan Forest, P. thunbergii community is edaphic climax and mixed forest will be changed gradually dominant species of Quercus species. It was implied that Genus Quercus hadnever beenso easily taken ever by the Genus Pinus which forms the edaphic climax at vast areas of forest land. In the degree of human disturbance of vegetation, the degree 7 (secondary forest 1) was 52.8% and the green spaces in Masan cover 65%, which nongreen spaces 35 %. Total amount of plant biomass produced from Masan District was estimated to be 160, 470.95 tons. Annual Production of dry matter biomass amounts to be 32,940.64 tons. Estimated amount for O$_2$produced annually from the vegetated area in Masan was 34,856 tons.

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축소 노즐에서의 슬롯 막냉각 열전달 특성에 관한 연구

  • 조용일;조형희
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.33-33
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    • 2000
  • 고온의 연소가스로부터 노즐 표면을 보호하기 위하여 슬롯을 통하여 냉각 유체를 분사하는 슬롯 막냉각에 대하여 연구하였다. 냉각효율 및 열전달 특성은 주유동과 2차 유동의 분사율에 따라 크게 달라지며, 형상변화 및 유동가속에 의해서도 냉각 효과의 변화를 가져오게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실험을 통하여 면적비가 16:1인 축소노즐에서 압축성 효과를 배제할 수 있는 유동속도 범위 내에서 분사율 변화(0.5 $\leq$ M $\leq$ 3.0)에 따른 슬롯 막냉각 열전달 특성을 고찰하고, 평판 슬롯 막냉각 경험식의 결과와 비교하였으며, 수치해석을 통하여 축소노즐과 원형관에서의 냉각효율 및 열전달 특성을 비교함으로서 이를 검증하였다. 축소노즐에서의 슬롯 막냉각 열전달 특성은 단열벽면조건을 형성하여 노즐 표면을 따라 설치된 열전대를 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 상대적으로 낮은 분사율(M=0.5, 1.0)에서 분사율 증가에 따른 냉각효율의 증가가 크게 나타났으며, 분사율이 높아짐(M $\geq$ 2.0)에 따라 냉각효율의 증가폭이 점점 감소하고, 일정 분사율 이상에서는 냉각 효율의 증가가 크게 둔화되었다. 분사율이 낮을 경우 평판 슬롯 막냉각 경험식으로 주어진 결과보다 상류에서는 높으나 하류로 진행하면 비슷한 냉각효율을 보였고, 분사율이 높은 경우 평판보다 전 범위에서 약간 높은 냉각효율을 나타냈다. 수치해석 결과에서는 분사율이 낮을 경우 축소노즐의 냉각효율이 원형관에서의 냉각효율 보다 낮거나 비슷하게 나타났으며, 분사율이 높아짐에 따라 축소노즐에서의 냉각효율이 오히려 높아지는 것으로 나타났다.타내었다. 액체 제트의 속도는 처음에는 일정하게 유지되다가 운동량을 보존하기 위해 가스로부터 운동량을 받아 점차 가속되어지는 것으로 나타났다.본 규격은 키, 총장, 어깨길이, 등길이, 머리길이, 머리둘레, 진동둘레, 목둘레, 가슴둘레, 허리둘레, 배둘레, 엉덩이둘레, 앞품, 뒤품, drop치를 포함하고 있고, 각 규격에서 호칭간 치수 간격도 함께 제시하고 있다. 본 연구 결과에서 보듯, 현행 8규격의 무진복의 각 호칭간 적정 허용범위를 고려해 합리적인 치수체계를 정립한다면 치수에 대한 적합도가 상당히 증가할 뿐 아니라 생산비용도 상당히 감축할 것으로 생각된다.나타났다. 4) 호감적 서비스능력 차원에서 세 독립변수간에 유의한 3원 상호작용이 존재하는 것으로 나타나( $F_{2,228}$=15.62, P<.001) 20대에 적합한 의복 착용시( $F_{2,228}$=3.98, P<.05)와 60대에 적합한 의복 착용시( $F_{2,228}$=16.55, P<.001) 점포유형과 격식차림간에는 유의한 상호작용이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 5) 호감을 구성하는 세 요인들이 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 호감적 인상차원은 29%(P<.001), 호감적 서비스능력차원은 6%(P<.001)의 구매의도를 설명해 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 노년 소비자에게 호감을 주는 판매원의 외모는 구매의도에 영향을 주어 실버의류산업의 이익증대와 밀접한 연관을 갖는 서비스품질의 중요한 요인으로 밝혀졌다.중요한 요인으로 밝혀졌다.로운 단백질 EPSPS가 다른 여러 식물에 이미 존재하고 있는 단백질로서 우리가 이미 이러

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Floristic study of Mt. Jaamsan in the Gyeongsang supergroup, Korea (경상누층군 자암산의 관속식물상)

  • Kim, Jung-Hyun;Park, Hwan-Joon;Nam, Gi-Heum;Lee, Kyeong-Ui;Kim, Jin-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.229-248
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    • 2019
  • This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Jaamsan on the Gyeongsang supergroup, Korea. From the results of eight field surveys from March to October 2017, we have identified 530 total taxa, representing 483 species, eight subspecies, 35 varieties, two forms, and two hybrids, which were placed in 325 genera and 110 families. The plant formation of Mt. Jaamsan is the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer mixed forests, which are the common ones in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula. Most of the mountain is covered with young secondary forest, which is mainly composed of Quercus spp., and Pinus. Out of these 530 taxa, 12 are endemic to Korea, 17 taxa are listed on the Korean Red List of threatened species, 65 are floristic target species, and 55 are invasive alien species. The percentage of naturalized index(NI) and urbanization index (UI) were 10.4% and 17.2%, respectively. Mt. Jaamsan has a high plant diversity, including endemic and rare species, which consist of geomorphological landscapes. We considered that the composition and distribution of species are affected by the different environmental factors according to the sedimentary rocks, drying ridges, valleys, and streams. Together with the rocks and soils were the substrate type that play a major role in providing the unique habitats for sun plants in the area.

Pollen Analysis on Tangjeong Plains, Asan-Si, Korea (아산(牙山) 탕정평야(湯井平野)의 화분분석(花粉分析))

  • PARK, Ji-Hoon;JANG, Dong-Ho
    • Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2010
  • In this study, pollen analysis and a dating were performed on the alluvial deposits in the Tangjeong Plains in Asan-Si, Chungcheongnam-Do. Specimens were collected at the altitude of about 12m, which belongs to the mid-forest belt in the cool temperate zone. The followings show the results. In general, the target zone passed through TJ-I (the coniferous forest age in which the Pinus forest was dominant), TJ-II (the mixed conifer and deciduous broad-leaved forest age in which Pinus and Quercus were dominant) and TJ-III (the coniferous forest age in which the Pinus was dominant) respectively. TJ-II was subdivided into TJ-IIa and TJ-IIb. TJ-I is presumed to be between about 2,810 and 1,500yrB.P.; TJ-IIa to be between about 1,500 and 1,370yrB.P.; and TJ-IIb to be between about 1,370 and 770yrB.P. As for TJ-III, it is presumed to begin after about 770yrB.P. In comparison with the nationwide pollen zone during the Postglacial, TJ-I and TJ-II are contrasted with the R-IIIa period and also TJ-III is contrasted with RIIIb (so-called human interference age). It is also presumed that Pinus luxuriated there after about 770yrB.P. as forests began to be markedly destroyed in the Tangjeong Plains.

The Vascular Plants in Mt. Gilsangsan (Ganghwa-Isl.), Korea (길상산 (강화도)의 관속식물상)

  • Kim, Jung-Hyun;Kim, Sun-Yu
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.280-304
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    • 2013
  • This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Gilsangsan (Ganghwa-Isl.). The vascular plants were collected 14 times (from March to November 2012), and were identified as 595 taxa; 122 families, 359 genera, 529 species, 7 subspecies, 51 varieties, 2 forms and 3 hybrids. The plant formation of Mt. Gisangsan is the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer mixed forest which is the common one in the middle part of Korean peninsula. All most mountain covered with young secondary forest which is mainly composed of Pinus and Quercus. The family represented by the largest number of species diversity were Asteraceae (11.%), Poaceae (10.7%), Cyperaceae (6.38%), Fabaceae (3.86%) and Rosaceae (3.52%) respectively. Korean endemic plants of this area were 12 taxa; Asarum misandrum, Clematis brachyura, Philadelphus schrenkii, Forsythia koreana, Polygonatum infundiflorum, etc. The red list of vascular plants according to IUCN valuation basis were examined, endangered species (EN) Abies koreana, Near Threatened species (NT) both Wikstroemia trichotoma and Sparganium erectum, Least Concern species (LC) Platycladus orientalis, Swertia diluta var. tosaensis and Iris minutoaurea and by Not Evaluate species (NE) Polygonatum infundiflorum. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 45 taxa comprising two taxa of grade V and VI, nine taxa of grade III, three taxa of grade II, 29 taxa of gradeI. The naturalized plants were identified as 64 taxa and the percent of naturalized index (NI) was 10.7% of total 595 taxa vascular plants. Ecosystem disturbance wild plants were consisted of eight taxa; Rumex acetosella, Sicyos angulatus, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Aster pilosus, Hypochaeris radicata and Lactuca scariola. Furthermore, therophytes (26.5%), hemicryptophytes (26.0%), Geophyte (14.0%) showed high proportional ratio in life form spectrum.

Floristic Study of Mt. Goryeo (Ganghwa-gun) in Korea (고려산(강화군)의 관속식물상)

  • Kim, Jung-Hyun;Park, Sung-Ae
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.372-395
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    • 2020
  • This study aimed to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants in Mt. Goryeo in Ganghwa-gun, Korea. The results of 14 field surveys from March 2018 to August 2019 identified 629 total taxa, representing 568 species, 10 subspecies, 45 varieties, two forms, and four hybrids in 371 genera and 112 families. The plant formation of Mt. Goryeo is the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer mixed forest, which is the common one in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula. Most parts of the mountain are covered with a young secondary forest, mainly composed of Quercus and Pinus spp. Out of the 629 taxa, 314 were first recorded in the region, six were endemic to Korea, four were listed on the Korean Red List of threatened species, 63 were floristic target plants, and 58 were invasive alien plants. The percentages of the naturalized index (NI) and urbanization index (UI) were 9.2% and 15.5%, respectively. The area showed a high plant diversity with many rare plants and phytogeographically important plants. This study discussed in detail conservation strategies to ensure biodiversity and effective management of Mt. Goryeo. The study results can be used as the reference for the preparation of biodiversity conservation and the establishment of management measures.

Floristic Study of Deokjeongsan Mt. (Ganghwa-gun), Korea (덕정산(강화군)의 관속식물상)

  • Kim, Jung-Hyun;Park, Sung-Ae;Yoon, Chang-Young
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.149-161
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    • 2018
  • This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Deokjeongsan Mt. (Ganghwa-gun) from March to October 2016. The vascular plants identified during the 8 round field surveys were a to total of 484 taxa: 107 families, 305 genera, 423 species, 8 subspecies, 48 varieties, 4 forms and 1 hybrid. The plant formation of Deokjeongsan Mt. is the deciduous broad-leaved and conifer mixed forest which is the common one in the middle part of Korean peninsula. All most mountain covered with young secondary forest which is mainly composed of Pinus and Quercus. The plant species diversity largest families were Asteraceae (62 taxa, 12.7%), Poaceae (48 taxa, 9.9%), Cyperaceae (27 taxa, 5.6%), Fabaceae (23 taxa, 4.7%), and Lamiaceae (21 taxa, 4.3%). The four taxa of Korean endemic plants such as Clematis brachyura Maxim., Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz, Carex brevispicula G. H. Nam & G. Y. Chung, and Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai were collected. The vascular plants on the red list according to IUCN evaluation basis were found to be five taxa: Near Threatened (NT) species of Senecio argunensis Turcz., Least Concern (LC) species Pseudoraphis ukishiba Nakai, and Not Evaluate (NE) species of Thladiantha dubia Bunge, Cirsium lineare (Thunb.) Sch. Bip., and Scorzonera austriaca ssp. glabra Lipsch. & Krasch. ex Lipsch., respectively. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 26 taxa comprising one taxa of degree V, two taxa of degree IV, four taxa of degree III, eight taxa of degree II, and 11 taxa of degree I. In addition, the alien plants were identified as 46 taxa and the percentage of naturalized index (NI) was 9.5%, and urbanization index (UI) was 14.3%, respectively.