• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.63-79
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• 1974

1. The purpose of this study. The purpose of this study is to plan and investigate short-term nursing education of two-years associate degree program to produce middle-level professional nurses which are needed by-society and nation. Current nursing education in Korea is divided into four years degree program, three years diploma program Even (though) there are differences in the aims of their education, the curriculums are not much different between the education for producing leaders which is its basic purpose and training middle-level professional nurses. Therefore the purpose of associate degree program lies in minimizing the waste of time and finance which are invested for long-term education for middle-level professional nurses. And also this coincide with the policy of national technical training and definite supply of nurse manpower according to health policy for effective role and ability of nurse. 2. The method of study. This is based on the study of literature, research on the actual condition and investigation of opinion- through questionnaire. L) The study of literature: Domestic and foreign literatures for two years associate degree program were studied and investigated. 2) Research on the actual condition : Current three years nursing education program was collected and analysed. 3) Investigation of opinion. The problem of curried nursing education system and the possibility of two years associate degree program were investigated through questionnaire. 3. The result of the study. 1) The trend of recent nursing education. a. The aims of nursing in past chiefly taking care of physical disease of patient has recently changed to nursing of character including physical, mental, socio-economic, educational and psychological condition. b. For the performing systematic and effective nurse's duty according to her role, the-change of educational system which is classified as a range of education the period of education and certificate after graduation has been enforced or fulfilled. c. Nursing education also has a trend to become a collage or two years associate degree program which can get same legal protection as other educational institutions whose basic purpose is education. Attached nursing school to hospital is getting disappeared because of disadvantage of educational system. 2) Problems. Depending upon research on actual condition of current 3 years nursing education program. a. There are too many subjects. b. Contents of education could be doubled because major subjects are subdivided in detail. c. The credits for graduation are too heavy comparing to the period of study or the ability of students. (The necessary credits are 150.8 for three years according to actual investigation 4. There is no certain standard in organizing curriculum therefore there are too much differences between schools. 4. Basic Plan. The plan for two years associate degree program in nursing education depending on demand of professional nursing field of society is based on following items. 1) Training middle-level professional nurse lay emphasis on liberal arts and basic major field. 2) Liberal arts are divided into required and optional subjects and students could take courses by choice. 3) Major subjects are compound together by fields and they become the sciences of nursing Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and every items has its educational purposes and contents major study includes laboratory practice and clinical experience. 4) The required credits for graduation are to which means 17-18 credits a semester. The above has been planned to solve the problems of current three years nursing education program. In conclusion for the achievement of this system, following items are needed. 1) It is necessary to change educational administration and system such as amendment of educational law or order of educational application of law. 2) Qualified professors should be available to understand and develope the idea or purpose of this educational system. 3) Local medical institutions should be opened widely and educational for clinical training. 4) The job after graduation should he secured positively.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-171
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• 2008

This study examined university students' view on the importance of attending rituals of congratulation or condolence in social life, and the extent to which they recognized the manners of offering congratulation or condolence. It also looked into the plans and content of education on such manners required by the students. The study aimed at seeking a direction for education on the manners of offering congratulation or condolence in order to help the students acquire an appropriate conception of offering congratulation or condolence and contribute to firmly establishing a sound culture of conveying congratulation or condolence. The following results were obtained in the study. 1. One a five-point scale, university students' recognitions of the importance of attending rituals of congratulation or condolence were revealed as follows: attending condolence rituals(4.55) > attending wedding ceremonies(4.30) > visiting sick acquaintances(4.03) > attending birthday parties (3.50) > attending openings(3.47) > attending promotion or retirement parties(3.42). 2. One a five-point scale, university students' recognitions of the manners of offering congratulation or condolence in social life were as follows: the manners of attending condolence rituals(4.20) > the manners of attending wedding ceremonies(4.06) > the manners of attending promotion or retirement parties(3.9) > the manners of attending openings(3.80) > the manners of attending birthday parties(3.69) > the manners of visiting sick acquaintances(3.44). 3. One a five-point scale, university students' requirements for the content of education on the manners of conveying congratulation and condolence were as follows: education on the manners of attending condolence rituals(4.08) > education on the manners of visiting sick acquaintances(3.35) > education on the manners of attending wedding ceremonies(3.27) > education on the manners of attending promotion and retirement parties(2.96) > education on the manners of attending birthday parties(2.91) > education on the manners of attending openings(2.91). 4. One a five-point scale, university students' requirements for the plan for education on the manners of conveying congratulation and condolence were as follows: 'The education content should be applicable in real life'(4.42) > 'The education content should be easily understandable' (4.23) > 'Information or materials related to the education content should be easily accessible'(4.01) > 'The theory and actual practice of education should be taught in parallel' (3.96) > 'Education related materials should be utilized'(3.92) > 'Students' demands should be reflected when structuring the content of education'(3.91). 5. The study examined the relationship among university students' recognitions of the importance of attending rituals of congratulation or condolence, their recognitions of the manners of offering congratulation or condolence, and their demands regarding such manners. According to the results, a static relationship was found in all sub-areas, indicating students show higher recognition of practicing manners of conveying congratulation or condolence as they have higher recognition of attending rituals of congratulation or condolence in social life. In addition, higher recognition of practicing manners of conveying congratulation or condolence made them demand more for the necessity of plan and content of education on the manners of offering congratulation or condolence in university.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2006

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to investigate bedtime, rise time and time-in-bed of Korean college students, separately on weekday and on weekend and to compare them. In addition, this study also aimed to evaluate the influence of gender, age and grade on the above sleep parmeters in Korean college students. Methods: Information regarding bedtime and rise time, separately on weekday and on weekend, of Korean college students were obtained by self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires of 1,825 students (1,416 females and 409 males, age 18-30；mean age $21.1{\pm}2.2$) were used for statistical analyses. Results: Korean college students retired to bed 50 minutes later (00：49 on weekday；01：40 on weekend；t=39.67, p<0.001), rose 1 hour 58 minutes later (07：52 on weekday；09：50 on weekend；t=39.46, p<0.001), and slept 1 hour 8 minutes longer (t=13.33, p<0.001) on weekend. Compared to male students, female students had earlier rise time (t=8.96, p<0.01；t=3.89, p<0.01) and earlier bedtime both on weekday and weekend (t=7.10, p<0.01；t=6.04, p<0.01), and shorter time-in-bed on weekday (t=1.99, p<0.01). In addition, rise time delay and time-in-bed increase on weekend were more prominent in female students than in male students (t=3.41, p<0.01; t=3.68, p<0.01). Grade was correlated with bedtime and rise time on weekday (${\beta}=0.1022$, p<0.01；${\beta}=0.1009$, p<0.01), bedtime and time-in-bed on weekend (${\beta}=0.1096$, p<0.01；${\beta}=-0.0990$, p<0.01), and differences between week-day and weekend of the rise time and the time-in-bed (${\beta}=-0.0906$, p<0.01；${\beta}=-0.1115$, p=0.02). Conclusions: In this study, Korean college students had earlier bedtime/rise time and shorter time-in-bed on weekday than on weekend. These findings suggest that weekday sleep-wake schedule of Korean college students may be advanced relative to their biological sleep-wake cycle and that this discrepancy may be associated with weekday sleep deprivation. In addition, differences of sleep patterns between weekday and weekend were more prominent in female students and students with lower grade. Therefore, discrepancy between weekday sleep-wake schedule and biological sleep-wake cycle, as well as weekday sleep deprivation, might be more serious in female or lower-grade students.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.172-173
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• 1989

본 연구는 전국의 보건진료원이 하는 업무를 분석하여 우리나라 보건진료원 제도 정착에 도움을 주는 기초자료를 제공하는 연구의 일환으로 강원도 지역에서 실시하였다. 연구대상은 강원도에 있는 보건진료원 전수로 하였고 이중 응답자수는 108명이었다. 연구도구는 문헌과 간호교육자들에 의해 작성 된 구조화된 설문지를 사용하였으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS를 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균 및 피어슨 상관계수를 구하였고 유의성 검정을 위해서 t-test, ANOVA의 통계방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 조사대상자인 보건진료원의 평균 연령이 31.5세이며 과반수의 보건진료원이 30세 미만 이었고 기혼자가 마혼자보다 약간 많았다. 보건진료원의 반수 이상이 현재 가족과 동거하고 있었고 학력은 3년제 간호전문대학 졸업자가, 경력은 3년 미만인 사람이 대부분이었으며 종교를 가진 사람이 대부분 이었으며 종교를 가진 사람이 안가진 사람보다 더 많았다. 또한 보건진료원의 근무지역 조건은 대부분이 을지에서 근무하고 있었고 대부분의 보건진료원이 신축된 보건진료소 시설에서 업무를 수행하고 보건진료소 내의 숙소에서 거주하는 것으로 냐타났다. 2) 보건진료원이 담당하는 평균 주민수는 1,660.8명 이었으며 과반수 정도의 보건진료원이 $501\sim1,000$명이 이상적인 적정 담당 주민수라고 생각하고 있었다. 강원도 주민의 연평균 보건진료소 이용자수는 4,099.3명 이었고 이용 주민수가 5,000명 이상인 보건진료소도 11개소 12.9 %나 되었다. 3) 보건진료소 사업대상지역 내에 있는 보건 의료기관은 약방 및 약종상이 62.1 %로 가장 많이 분포되어 있었고 보건지소도 16 %나 사업대상지역 내에 함께 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지역주민의 보건의료기관 이용은 보건진료소가 59.0 % 로 지역주민이 가장 많이 이용하고 있었고 보건 진료원이 가장 많이 이용하는 의뢰기관은 뱅 의원이 66 %, 보건소가 36.4 %로 나타났다. 또한 보건진료소의 보건의료기관과의 협조관계는 보건소와는 과반수 정도가 잘 협조하고 있다고 응답 한 반면 보건지소와 잘 협조하고 있다고 응답한 율은 37.6 % 밖에 안되었다. 4) 보건진료원이 업무영역 수행 정도를 살펴 보면 5점 만점에 통상질환관리가 3.69점, 사업 운영 관리 및 지도는 3.45점, 모자보건 및 가족계획은 3.28 점, 지역사회 조직 및 개발은 3.27 점, 보건정보체계 개발 및 수집은 3.17 점, 사업 계획 수립은 3.14 점, 지역사회 보건관리는 3.13 점의 순으로 나타났다. 보건진료원의 업무영역을 l 일 8 시간으로 하여 l 주 44 시간을 기준으로 측정하면 통상질환관리 18.56시간, 지역사회 보건관리 5.67 시간, 모자보건 및 가족계획 5.52 시간, 사업 운영관리 및 지도 4.10시간, 지역사회 조직 및 개발 3.05 시간, 보건정보체계 개발 및 수집 2.94 시간, 사업계획 수립 2.89시간의 순으로 나타났다. 5) 보건진료원의 업무영역별 수행 소요시간의 상판판계를 살펴보면 지역사펴 조직 및 개발을 위 해 소요한 시간은 사엽계획 수립 소요시간 및 보건정 보체계 관리 소요시간과 순상관관계를, 사업 계획 수립 소요시간은 지역사회 보건관리, 모자보건 및 가족계획 관리 소요시간 및 보건정보체제 관리 소요시간과 순상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 통상질환관리 소요시간은 지역 사회 조직 및 개발, 사업계획 수립, 지역사회 보건관리와 모자보건 및 가족계획 관리, 사업운영 관리 및 지도, 보건정보체계 관리 소요시간과 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 6) 보건진료원의 총 업무수행 정도를 잘펴보면 업무수행 점수의 평균은 87.5점이었으며 보건진료원의 근무지가 병지이고 보건진료소의 시설상태가 나쁜 경우 업무수행 점수가 높은 것으로 나타났으며 업무수행 정도와는 별 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 1998

Science curricula of public and government institution schools from 1895 to 1910 in Korea were studied And through tracing people in charge of science education actual status was researched. The result of the study showed that 'physics, chemistry, nature' in the regular course for normal schools and 'department of science' in the short course were used for in the curriculum. Subject of nature were educated by SaitoKinji. 'Science' was educated by MatsumotoSoji in Department of Japanese Language at Foreign Language School and 'science of nature' by Hase in Department of German Language. 'Nature' and 'physics and chemistry' were taught by ShideharaTahira at Hansung Middle School which was established in 1899. MoriTamejo was in charge of subject of nature at Hansung High School which was a new name since 1906. It was also revealed that'physics and chemistry'were taught at Industrial Professional Institute. In short during the era of Taihan (Korea) Empire science education at public and government institution schools were entirely performed by Japanese. Furthermore the first time when professionals majored in natural science began to assume responsibility for science education was during late part of Taihan Empire and before that time tradition of science education was maintained by'non-professionals'like ShideharaTahira.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.189-200
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• 2016

Purpose: This study analyzed job importance, job performance, and job satisfaction in 38 dietitians working at geriatric hospitals and elderly healthcare facilities in Jeju surveyed from September 15-24, 2014 with the aim of providing basic data for improving the quality of meals and nutrition management for elderly patients. Methods: Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients using the SPSS Win program (version 12.0). Results: Regarding job importance, the average score was 4.29 (out of 5), indicating that hygiene and safety management scored the highest at 4.77 (out of 5), and nutrition management scored the lowest at3.86. In terms of job performance of subjects, the average score was 2.87 (out of 5), indicating that cooking operation management scored the highest at 4.42 (out of 5). Regarding the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of job importance and job performance, hygiene and safety management and cooking operation management scored high for importance and performance (B quadrant) menu management, human resource management, and nutrition management scored low for importance and performance (C quadrant) and purchasing management and financial management were included inD quadrant and A quadrant, respectively. For the level of job satisfaction of subjects, the average score was 3.37 (out of 5), indicating that relationships with colleagues scored the highest at 3.72, and improving professionalism scored the lowest at 2.95. Additionally, job importance and performance of subjects were positively correlated withjob satisfaction (r = 0.395, r = 0.386, both p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, scores for job importance and job performance of nutrition management were low, and job satisfaction of improving professionalism scored low. Therefore, continuous training and education programs of nutrition management should be provided to improve professionalism of dietitians at geriatric hospitals and elderly healthcare facilities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.428-442
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• 2011

This study investigated the actual status of constipation. In total, 978 female students in Korea participated. We identified the relationship among constipation and life style, clothing patterns, housing patterns, dietary habits, and dietary intake in a constipation symptom group and a normal group. The actual constipation rate based on the Rome II criteria was 27.0% (n = 264). Body weight (p < 0.05) and body mass index (p < 0.05) in the constipation group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. The incidence of functional bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome in the constipation group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. The discomfort of wearing underwear was significantly higher in the constipation group than that in the normal group. The constipation group revealed a significantly higher rate of irregular dietary habits than those in the normal group. The dietary diversity score of the normal group was 4.22 (p < 0.05), which was significantly higher than that of constipation group (4.12). No significant difference in life style factors was observed. It is necessary for university female students to correct their dietary habits, maintain food intake of three times per day, and select diverse foods. Furthermore, it is necessary for university female students to wear comfortable clothing to lessen symptoms and improve constipation rates.