• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2014

Purpose: To analyze the clinical features and treatment outcome of Langerhans' cell histocytosis. Materials and Methods: From August 1996 to June 2013, 28 patients who histologically proven with LCH were analyzed of medical records, radiography, pathologic character retrospectively. Results: A total of 28 cases of LCH including 22 child has been reported. Onset age was 0.6 to 51 years old, occurred in the average age was 14.8 years. Follow-up period was 6 months to 134 months average was 44.6 months. The M:F ratio was 2.5:1. The initial symptoms was pain in 18 cases, 5 cases of pathologic fracture, 3 case of palpable mass, 1 case of discovered by accident in radiography, 1 case of torticollis. In radiological examination osteolysis was seen all cases, 7 cases showed a periosteal reaction, 1 case showed soft tissue extension. Clinical type of all cases were eosinophilic granuloma. 25 cases were classified as unifocal disease and 3 cases were multifocal single systemic diseases. In all cases, incisional biopsy was performed. After histologic confirmed, 14 cases was treated with curettage or surgical excision of the lesion and the other 14 cases were followed up without treatment. There is no death during follow up period. 11 cases has no radiological improvement after 3-6 months observation, intralesional steroid injection was performed. Conclusion: Patients with LCH who has rapid systemic onset is very rare, so if you meet the young children who suspected LCH, you shoulder avoid the examination which cause excessive radiation exposure to the young patient. In order to confirm the diagnosis of disease, biopsy is needed. Close observation after confirmed by histological method will bring the satisfactory results. But the patients who had pathologic fracture or wide bone destruction already may need curettage and bone grafting to lesion or internal fixation. The lesion which has no radiological improvement after 3-6 months observation or appear with pain interferes daily life may need local steroid injection as a good treatment.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2015

Well-feathered (over 10 feathers) 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees were planted at $3.0{\times}1.0m$ and trained to slender spindle with 2.5 m height or to tall spindle with 3.5 m height, and the vegetative growth, productivity, and fruit quality of two training systems were compared for 8 years. The canopy volume of the tall spindle trees surpassed that of the slender spindle trees 4 years after planting and was 25% larger than that of the slender spindle trees 5 years after planting. The accumulated yield over 8 years for the tall spindle system was 14% higher than that of the slender spindle system. Alternate bearing and incidence of marssonina blotch were observed in both treatments after 5 years of planting. There was often vegetative imbalance in the trees however, the degree of yield loss and vegetative imbalance of the tall spindle trees was lower than those of the slender spindle trees. Soluble solid content and fruit red color of the tall spindle trees were higher than that of the slender spindle trees in 5 year after planting, resulting from increased light penetration in the canopy due to even distribution of lateral branches and from fruit bearing in different height locations of the trees. In conclusion, increasing the tree height to about 3.5 m using slender spindle 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees planted with over 333 trees per 10a led to better light penetration, yield and fruit quality compared to a conventional wide training system with the slender spindle.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

Purpose: To analysis of the result of the treatment of metastatic diaphyseal fracture of the humerus with closed interlocking intrameduallry nailing. Materials and Methods: Among surgically treated 29 patients with pathologic or impending fracture of diaphysis of the humeurs, 13 patients (16 cases) treated with closed intramedullary interlocking nail were selected for the study. The final result of pain relief and functional recovery was evaluated by modified rating system of Perez et al. Results: Primary cancer was diagnosed after fracture was developed in 2 patients and pathologic or impending fracture was occurred average period of 28.9 months after primary cancer was diagnosed. The main primary malignancies were multiple myeloma, lung cancer and breast cancer. Mean survival after humeral metastasis was 11.7 months. The final result was superior to fair in 13 of 16 cases, and poor in 3 cases with progression of tumor spread or distant dissemination to the ipsilateral fingers. Except the latter 3 patients and other 3 patients, who died before 3 months postoperatively, bony union was achieved in 10 cases. There were no complications related to surgery. Conclusion: Closed interlocking intrameduallry nailing is accomplished with brief operative time, small amount of bleeding and provides immediate stability with resultant early return of function to the arm. Additionally it allows early postoperative irradiation. However, some of our cases shows that intramedullary nailing can accelerate tumor spread and metastases elsewhere, so that serious consideration must be given in planning this treatment. In conclusion, the functional status before fracture, life expectancy, type of tumor and extent of involvement should be carefully considered to decide operative treatment of metastatic disease.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2000

Objectives: It is been reported that sleep patterns change significantly during the adolescent years. In Korea, the sleep patterns of adolescents have not been investigated systematically. The authors performed preliminary study about sleep patterns of middle and high school students in Seoul before nationwide study. Methods: The authors selected one of middle and high schools located in typical middle class area in Seoul. The study was performed during the periods when examination or vacation did not affect the sleep cycle. Fifty to one hundred male and female students were selected from one school year each. One of investigators explained the purposes and methods of this study to the students and gave additional explanation to the teachers in charge. We designed a questionnaire for subjects to describe the nap time, bedtime, sleep latency, total sleep time, rise time and sleep efficiency, and the students recorded sleep logs for seven days including weekend. Eight hundred three students answered the questionnaires. Among them, we selected the subjects who recorded sleep logs at least three days and filled up the questionnaires completely. Finally, seven hundred seventy one subjects were included in this study. Weekend was defined as the time from Saturday morning to Sunday morning, and Sunday sleep patterns were treated separately. Results: Across the six school years, school-night bedtimes were delayed one hundred twenty four minutes and school-ight rise times were advanced by thirty five minutes. School-night total sleep times were decreased by one hundred fifty eight minutes, and weekend bedtimes were delayed by one hundred twenty five minutes. The students tended to oversleep on weekends, and the mean of weekend oversleep was ninety six minutes. But, bedtime in weekends was not delayed. Daytime sleep, sleep latency and sleep efficiency were not changed greatly across six school years. Total sleep time of female students was decreased significantly between third middle school year and first high school year, but time of male students was decreased between first and second high school year. Conclusion: It is supposed that sleep deficiency of middle and high school students in Seoul was due to delayed bedtimes and advanced rise times across the school years.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-25
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• 2004

This study analyzes the external forms of the household textbooks and also the contents of them used at girls' middleㆍhigh schools during the period of Japanese ruling over Korea. To this end, 8 household textbooks published from 1928 to 1937 were analyzed. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. The household subject had become the one of the most important subjects to girl students as the practical uses were emphasized in educational area during the period. As a result. the classes of the household were the second in hours, following the class of Japanese (the national language) to girl students. 2. The contents of the household textbooks were intended to contain 'the modern' and 'the newest'. The students were also suggested to apply the contents of the textbooks to real home life. Many pictures, photos and illustrations were included in household textbooks to help students to understand the contents of the subject. 3. The purposes of the household class were the reformation of the living conditions and home economics. 4. The external characteristics of the household textbooks during the period were as follows. - Written in Japanese vertically and the size of the textbook was A5 (150/210) with pulp paper of good quality - The type style of the body of the textbooks was Ming-style type- The sequent order of the textbooks was the outer cover, the title page, pictorial, introduction, table of contents, the body, appendix and the back cover. 5. The household textbooks consisted of the first volume and the second volume. The first volume contained clothing and textiles, food and nutrition and housing. Taking care of the aged. nursing. child care, household economy and home management were included in the second volume. 6. The household textbooks were designed to make women the housewives.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.120-147
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• 1994

This study was performed for the purpose of evaluating the stress distribution around threaded type implants, cylindrical type implants and teeth connected with rigid or non-rigid connector. The stress distribution around the surrounding bone was analyzed by three-dimensional photoelastic method. Twelve mandibular photoelastic epoxy resin models and a circular polariscope were used to record the isochromatic fringes. After the stress distribution around the implant and tooth was observed, the results were as follows ; 1. In threaded type implants, stress concentrated patterns were observed at the neck either vertical or 25 degree lateral force. 2. The stress concentrated patterns were observed at the tooth apical portion and neck portions of the implant and tooth when a threaded implant was connected with the tooth by either a rigid or non-rigid connector. More force was generated at the tooth neck portion by a rigid connector and more force at the implant neck portion by a non-rigid connector. 3. The stress concentrated patterns were observed at the apical portion of the implant and tooth when a cylindrical type ,implant was connected with the tooth either by a rigid or non-rigid connector. More force was generated at the tooth apical portion by a rigid connector and more force at the neck portion of the tooth and implant by a non-rigid connector. 4. The stress around the tooth was more equally distributed in a threaded type implant than in a cylindrical implant when the tooth was connected with either a rigid or non-rigid connector. 5. The stress around a threaded type implant was progressively more equally distributed in the following order : 1) when used a single implant, 2) a non-rigid connection with the implant and tooth, 3) a rigid connection with the implant and tooth, 4) a rigid connection with two implant fixtures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.1139-1147
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between sanitary knowledge score and sanitary management performance among school foodservice employees. For this purpose, a paper-based questionnaire was developed and distributed to 300 school foodservice employees in Jinhae-gu, Changwon from May 13 to June 10 in 2009. A total of 276 responses were received and analyzed. The results of this study were as follows. The sanitary knowledge score of school foodservice employees was 16.60 (total score: 20). Their sanitary management performance level was 4.77 (based on a 5-point Likert scale). We found that sanitary management performance level of high sanitary knowledge score group was significantly higher than that of low sanitary knowledge score group (P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between sanitary knowledge score and sanitary management performance of school foodservice employees (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that sanitary knowledge score of school foodservice employees had a positive effect on sanitary management performance (P<0.001). It implies that as school foodservice employees' sanitary knowledge increased, their sanitary management performance increased. In conclusion, to improve the sanitary quality of school foodservice, school foodservice employees' sanitary management performance level should be increased by improving their sanitary knowledge. So, a systematic and consistent sanitary education program should be conducted for school foodservice employees.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.562-568
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• 1982

These studies were carried out to investigate of detection of Fasciola egg from positive cattle faces in the intradermal reaction method by laborsaving composition of sieves and Kim's sedimental tube method. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1. Detection method of Fasciola eggs was improved by 3 meshes(100mesh, 150mesh, 250mesh) for filtration of fecal fluid contained Fasciola eggs. 2. III type of tube in the 3 kinds of sedimental tube had the highest recovery rate of Fasciola egg. Thus, this type of tube was selected and called as Kim's sedimental tube. 3. A-II, A-III, B-III and C-III type by Kim's sedimental tube method had the recovery rates of eggs in the 1st dropping as ranged 99 to 100% and A-I, B-II, C-I and C-II as 71 to 91%. 4. All types as themselves contained the special aspects. In the these type was useful to determine the results in the urgent cases add to shorten the time of the diagnostic procedures. 5. Kim's sedimental tube method high recovery rate and convenient procedures as compared with other detection methods reported. In addition, through this method can also obatained E. P. C. value. Therefore, it is desirable that Kim's sedimental tube method be recommended by clinicians.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.8-25
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• 1994

The study was conducted to obtain the genetic information on heterosis and combining ability of the quantitative characters for F1 hybrid breeding in silkworms. Six parental varieties and each set of 30 diallel crosses in F1's were used as materials, and bred on the randomized complete block design with three replications. Fourteen characters were observed with the twenty samples in each tray. The data were analyzed for (1) heterosis and combining ability in F1 hybrid. The heterosis in the weight and the length of cocoon showed positively high at 24.51%, and 23.4%, respectively and the weight of the whole cocoon as well as the weight of the whole cocoon layer showed a siginificant heterosis ranging from 15.56% to 15.71% and from 17.14% to 19.01%, but the fifth and the total instar period showed negative heterosis. It was found that the combination between, C70XRomogua and N9 X Romogua showed highly a negative heterosis on the fifth instar period and for the cocoon weight. The female of N9+Sansuian and the male of Romogua X Sansurian have a high heterosis effect, on the cocoon shell weight, and Sansurian X Romogua(reciprocal) on the length and the weight of cocoon filament with no regard to sexuality. The significant maternal and cytoplasmic effect on heterosis of the cocoon weight and the cocoon shell weight were observed with the combinations, N9 X C5, N63 X C70 and on the length of the cocoon filament with the combinations, Sansurian X N63, Sansurian X C5, Sansurian X C70 and N9 X C70, N63 X C70 on the weight of cocoon filament. As mean squared of GCA, SCA and RCA were significant with these combining ability for all characters resulted from additive and non-additive altogether and there is a significant difference between reciprocals. Sansurian showed a negative GCA effect on the fifth and total larval duration, but the higher positive GCA effects took places with varieties N9 and C5 on the length, width, weight of cocoon, cocoon shell weight, percentage of cocoon shell weight, length and weight of cocoon filament, percentage of raw-silk with no regard to both generations and silkworm sexuality. The values of SCA between the cross combinations varied generation-wise and sex-wise. It was shown that SCA value for the fifth instar period was highly negative for Sansurian X C70, Romogua X C70, Sansurian X C5, Romogua X C5, but it was positive effect on the cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight with N9 X C5, and C70 X Sansurian, on the length of cocoon filament with N9 X C5, Romogua X Sansurian on the weight of cocoon filament between Romogua and N63 and on the percentage of raw-silk between the combination of Sansurian X Romoga.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.96-115
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• 2017

Understanding effects of thermal pollution and acidification has long been a concern of aquatic ecologists, but it remains largely unknown in Korea. This study was performed to elucidate the effects of thermal wastewater effluent (TWE) and acid rain on water quality and attached algae in a small mountain stream, the Buso Stream, a tributary located in the Hantan River basin. A total of five study sites were selected in the upstream area including the inflowing point of hot-spring wastewater (HSW), one upstream site (BSU), and three sites below thermal effluent merged into the stream (1 m, 10 m and 300 m for BSD1, BSD2, and BSD3, respectively). Field surveys and laboratory analyses were carried out every month from December 2015 to September 2016. Water temperature ranged $1.7{\sim}28.8^{\circ}C$ with a mean of $15.0^{\circ}C$ among all sites. Due to the effect of thermal effluent, water temperature at HSW site was sustained at high level during the study period from $17.5^{\circ}C$ (January) to $28.8^{\circ}C$ (September) with a mean of $24.2{\pm}3.7^{\circ}C$, which was significantly higher than other sites. Thermal wastewater effluent also brought in high concentration of nutrients(N, P). The effect of TWE was particularly apparent during dry season and low temperature period (December~March). Temperature effect of TWE did not last toward downstream, while nutrient effect seemed to maintain in longer distance. pH ranged 5.1~8.4 with a mean of 6.9 among all sites during the study period. The pH decrease was attributed to seasonal acid rain and snow fall, and their effects was identified by acidophilic diatoms dominated mainly by Eunotia pectinalis and Tabellaria flocculosa during March and August. These findings indicated that water quality and periphyton assemblages in the upstream region of Buso Stream were affected by thermal pollution, eutrophication, and acidification, and their confounding effects were seasonally variable.