• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.1924-1927
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• 2003

많은 고속 정화소 움직임 추정 알고리즘이 개발됨에 따라, 최근에는 10개의 탐색점만으로 정화소 움직임벡터를 찾을 수 있게 되었다. 반면에, 반화소 움직임 추정에서는 정화소 움직임 벡터주변의 8 개의 반화소 탐색점을 검색해야 한다 그러므로 반화소 움직임 추정 알고리즘의 계산량을 줄일 필요성이 생기게 되었다 본 논문에서는 directional search 와 SAD 함수의 선형 모델링을 이용한 고속 반화소 움직임 추정 알고리즘을 제안한다 제안된 알고리즘은 PSNR 열화 없이 2.21 개의 탐색만으로도 움직임 벡터를 찾을 수 있게 해준다 특히, 조절 가능한 파라미터를 이용하면. 약간의 PSNR 감소와 함께 0.34개의 탐색만으로 움직임 벡터를 추정을 할 수 있게 해준다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1993

소 난자의 시험관내 수정시 이성체인 1, 2 propanediol과 1, 3 propanediol과의 동결보호제의 이용에 대한 독성효과를 조사하였다. 프랑스에 있는 도축장의 난소에서 채취한 미성숙 난자 212개를 시험관내 성숙과 heparin(10$\mu$g/ml)첨가에 의한 수정 및 배양을 실시하였다. 소 난자의 시험관내 성숙과 수정시 propanediol의 독성효과를 시험한 결과 1,3 propanediol은 80%의 정상 난할분할율과 5.7%의 낮은 다핵분할구율을 나타내었다. 이것은 1,2 propanediol의 73.9%, 10.3%와 미처리대조구의 73.9%, 7.7%와 비교되었으나 처리간의 유의성은 없었다. Heparin 처리구는 1,2 propanediol의 첨가 유무에 관계없이 미처리구에 대하여 고도의 유의성 차이가 인정되었다. (P<0.05)

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.145-156
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of embryo stage on bisection rates of embryos, on development of separated demi-embryos and on subsequent development to full term following transfer of demi-embryos to recipients. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. The 2-, 4-, 8-cell and morula embryos were mostly obtained at 36-42, 48-54, 62-66 and 72-78 hours after injection of hCG, respectively, and the average number of embryos recovered per head was 17.0. The bisection rate of 8-cell embryos was 83.6%, which was significantly higher than that of morula embryos, 65.5%. But the development of morula demi-embryos to blastocyst after in-vitro culture was better than that of 8-cell demi-embryos and the rate was 76.5% and 60.9%, respectively. When the 2, 10 and 15 cultured demi-embryos or intact embryos were transferred to each recipient mouse, respectively. the highest pregnancy rate was obtained when 15 embryos were transferred. And the overall offspring production rate of intact embryos was higher than that of demi-embryos.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2001

목적 - 최근 복합레진의 미세변연누출을 줄이기 위한 새로운 광중합 조사방법이 연구되고 있다. 또한 구치용 복합레진이 개발되면서 그 제조회사에서는 5mm 깊이까지 광중합이 가능하다고 소개하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 논리적 가설에 근거한 몇가지 광중합 조사방법이 구치부 class II 와동의 복합레진 충전시 미세변연누출에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 관찰하였다. 재료 및 방법 - 100개의 우식증이 없는 사람의 상하악 대구치를 사용했다. 각 치아에 교합-치은방향으로 4mm, 협설 4mm, 깊이 2mm의 class II 와동을 형성하여 인접치와 함께 베이스플레이트 왁스에 매몰하고 구치용 복합레진인 Surefil을 제조 회사의 지시대로 충전하였다. 이때 5가지의 광조사방법을 이용하여 5개의 군으로 나누어 중합하였다(Table 1). 수복된 치아들을 5$^{\circ}C$와 55$^{\circ}C$의 수조에서 번갈아 1분씩 총 500회의 온도변화를 주어 thermocycling을 실시한 후 근첨을 폐쇄하고 수복와동의 치은경계를 제외한 전 표면에 nail varnish를 2회 도포하였다. 2%의 methylene blue용액에 24시간 침적시키고 흐르는 물에 세척한 후 시편을 투명한 에폭시 레진에 매몰하였다. 매몰된 시편을 치아 장축에 평행하게 절단 연마하였다. 입체 현미경으로 미세변연누출을 관찰하고 Kruskal-Wallis One Way ANOVA 와 Dunn's Method로 통계처리 하였다. 결과 - 1. 미세누출은 1군, 4군과 5군, 2군 3군 순으로 증가였다. 이때 1군, 4군과 5군은 통계적 유의성이 없었다(P>0.05). 2. 2군의 경우 1군, 4군, 5군에 비교하여 유의성 있게 미세누출이 많았으며(P<0.05) 3군에 비하여 유의성 있게 적게 나타났다(P<0.05). 3. 3군의 경우 다른 방법들에 비교하여 통계적으로 유의성 있게 미세누출이 많았다(P<0.05).

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2019

360 degree 3-dimensional lidar sensors and vision cameras are commonly used in the development of autonomous driving techniques for automobile, drone, etc. By the way, existing calibration techniques for obtaining th e external transformation of the lidar and the camera sensors have disadvantages in that special calibration objects are used or the object size is too large. In this paper, we introduce a simple calibration method between two sensors using a spherical object. We calculated the sphere center coordinates using four 3-D points selected by RANSAC of the range data of the sphere. The 2-dimensional coordinates of the object center in the camera image are also detected to calibrate the two sensors. Even when the range data is acquired from various angles, the image of the spherical object always maintains a circular shape. The proposed method results in about 2 pixel reprojection error, and the performance of the proposed technique is analyzed by comparing with the existing methods.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.20
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• pp.95-99
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• 1975

Flowering of the sunflower varieties tested was accelerated by growing in the green-house as well as by short-day treatments at 8 or 12 hours. It may be concluded that the sun-flower plant is sensitive to short-day condition. Significant difference was observed between the , early and late maturing varieties in the flowering response to temperature treatment. Varietal difference, however, was not recognizable in the flowering response to the short-day treatment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.493-503
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• 2019

This study is composed of nine treatments [Control : "no neutralizing layer+vegetation layer" 3 cm, Treatment 1 : "no neutralizing layer+vegetation layer" 5 cm, Treatment 2 : "no neutralizing layer+vegetation layer" 7 cm, Treatment 3 :"neutralizing layer (cement 3 %)+ vegetation layer (cement 1 %)" 3 cm, Treatment 4 : "neutralizing layer (cement 3 %)+vegetation layer (cement 1 %)" 5 cm, Treatment 5 : "neutralizing layer (cement 3 %)+vegetation layer (cement 1 %)" 7 cm, Treatment 6 : "neutralizing layer [$(Ca{\cdot}Mg)CO_3$] +vegetation layer" 3 cm, Treatment 7 : "neutralizing layer [$(Ca{\cdot}Mg)CO_3$]+vegetation layer" 5 cm, Treatment 8 : "neutralizing layer [$(Ca{\cdot}Mg)CO_3$]+vegetation layer" 7 cm] to find out the vegetation effects according to neutralizing layer types of the acid drainage slope. There were no significant differences observed in soil hardness and soil moisture content of neutralizing layer type while highly difference of moisture content was observed according to the neutralizing and vegetation layer thickness. As for soil acidity, strong acid was shown in the control, treatment 1 and treatment 2. Neutralizing effects were outstanding in treatments of 3, 4, 5 (cement treatment group), 6, 7 and 8 (limestone treatment group). Concerning plants growth characteristics, surface coverage rates, number of germinating woody plants, plant height, and plant root status, there were excellent effects observed in the experimental groups mixed with cement (treatments 3, 4 and 5) and limestone (treatments 6, 7 and 8). At the initial stage, however, plant roots were negatively affected in cement layer treatments of 3, 4 and 5. However, no difference was shown in each layer thickness on the acid drainage slope whereas 3~5 cm thickness neutralizing layer was appropriate in consideration of economic feasibility.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.757-767
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• 1995

This experiment was done to determine the optimum concentration of IAA for root development in plants regenerated from the callus culture of barley embryos. Two concentrations of 2,4-D, 3ppm and 5ppm selected as an optimum among five different concentrations in the previous experiment were used for callus induction and proliferation in this experiment. For callus induction, 3ppm of 2,4-D produced 35.6% in immature embryos and 4.4% in mature embryos, while 5ppm gave 33.8% in immature and 5.6% in mature embryos. Out of 320 immature embryos cultured, 111 embryos were induced to calli and 684 plants were produced from them, while only 16 embryos were induced to calli from 320 mature embryos and 92 plants were restored. The rates of callusing and plant regeneration were 34.7%, 214% in immature embryos and 5.0%, 28.7% in mature embryos, respectively. The average root lengths and root numbers of plants restored from callus at five different IAA concentrations of 0ppm, Ippm, 5ppm, l0ppm and 30ppm were 7.9mm, 3.6; 18.4mm, 5.2; 16.1mm, 3.9; 8.5mm, 3.5 and 6.4mm, 3.4, while plants directly obtained from mature embryos were 14.8mm, 4.9; 4.9mm, 3.6; 4.3mm, 3.1; 3.6mm, 2.6 and 3.2mm, 2.1, respectively. Therefore, 1ppm gave the best result for the root. promotion in callus, whle 0ppm, a control, gave the largest root developmemt in embryos. High concentration of lAA(30ppm) in callus and any exogeneous supplement of lAA in embryos negatively affected to the root lengths and root numbers. Genotypic effect was also observed in given four varieties, Bruce, Klages, Olbori and Albori. For chromosome doubling, when 0.1% colchicine was applied on 428 plants under three different conditions such as air circulation, temperatures and growth stages, 319 plants of doubled haploids were obtained so that the rate was 74.5%

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of crown numbers on growth and yield of ever-bearing strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch.) 'Goha' cultivar. Strawberry seedlings were planted with $55{\times}30cm$ distance on April 29, and the randomized block experimental was designed by putting the crown numbers by 1, 3, 5 and crown-unremoved as the control. At the early growth stage, as the numbers of crown decreased, the size of leaf became larger and inflorescence diameter became thicker. Plant height became higher as the number of crown increased at the final harvesting time. Fresh weight of crown-unremoved plants was 118 g, showing 77.2 g higher than that of plants with one crown. Numbers of the developed inflorescence of plants with five crowns and crown-unremoved was 20.1, whereas 6.8 of plants with one crown, resulted in 13.3 more crowns. However, crown number did not significantly affect the fruit quality. As the crown number increased, the average fruit weight was lighter and the marketable fruit rate was shown to decrease significantly. The marketable yield of crown-unremoved plants was $17,372kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, showing 68% higher than plants with one crown. Therefore, crown management without thinning crowns was recommended and inflorescence thickness less than 3 mm should be removed for successful production of ever-bearing strawberry 'Goha' cultivar during summer season.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.501-507
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• 2010

Formaldehyde responsive protein(FRP) 1 belongs to the family of universal stress protein(USP) and is known to respond to stress caused by fumigation of gaseous volatile organic compounds(VOCs) such as formaldehyde and toluene. However, the molecular function of this protein is not well understood at cellular and molecular level. In this study, loss of function mutant of FRP1 generated by T-DNA insertion(frp1-4) has been isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana and the function of FRP1 was characterized. The loss-of-function mutant of FRP1 appeared slight growth defects with shorter stem and rosette leaves compared to wild type. In addition, the damage caused by exogenous VOCs was more severe in frp1-4 than in control. Therefore, Arabidopsis FRP1 seems to be the protein involved not only in the growth and development of plant but also the stress resistance against toxic volatile organic compounds.