• 대한화학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.101-104
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• 1986

아디파알데히드, 구르타르알데히드 및 숙신알데히드와 같은 디알데히드는 물-에톡시에탄올 및 에탄올내에 촉매량의 육로듐 십육카르보닐 또는 오카르보닐철의 존재하, 70기압, 일산화탄소, 180$^{\circ}C$, 4시간동안 반응시켜 쉽게 환원되어 대응하는 1,6-헥산디올 및 1,5-펜탄디올 및 1,4-부탄디올이 좋은 수득율로 얻어졌다. 같은 조건하에서 2,5-헥산디온, 2,4-펜탄디온도 대응하는 디올이 보통 수득율로 얻어졌다. 디알데히드의 이중 히드로히드록시메틸화 반응에 대해서는 금속카르보닐 촉매가 다른 촉매보다 더욱 활성적이다. 특히 벤조퀴논은 정량적으로 히드로퀴논을 주었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.491-494
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• 2008

The hydrogen fuel and fuel cell which have high energy efficiency and low pollutant emission are getting interest as an alternative energies due to the fossil fuel exhaust, green house effect and atmospheric pollutant problems. The hydrogen gas is very effective as an alternative energy. But, if it is leaked into the air it forms the mixed gas with the air then the danger of the explosion is risen up. So, the secure the safety is mostly important. In this research, to detect the leakage of the hydrogen rapidly, added the odorant materials which don't include the sulfur component into the hydrogen gas and researched on the effect of each odorant on the performance of the fuel cell. As the results, setting the cumulation electric power on the basis and comparing the pure hydrogen, 2,3-Butanedione 5ppm mixed gas 86.1%, 5-Ethylidene-2-Norbornene 17ppm mixed gas 88.2%, Isovaleraldehyde 10ppm mixed gas 74.8%, Ethyl Isobutyrate 2.2ppm mixed gas 93.5% of performance was shown.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cigarette papers, flax and wood, on the delivery of mainstream smoke. The main components of cigarette papers were cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. Lignin contents, known as precursor of smoke's phenolic compounds, of the flax and wood cigarette papers were 5.8% and 10.6%, respectively. The pyrolysis products of cigarette papers were similar by the profile of total ion chromatogram. But, the area % of some components, such as 1,3-cyclopentanedione, 3,5- dimethyl cyclopentane-1,2-dione, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone, dihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 3-methyl-2(5H)-fruanone, and 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde delivered through pyrolysis of the flax cigarette paper were higher than that of wood cigarette paper. Otherwise, the area % of some components, such as 2-methyl-cyclopentene-l-one), 2,3-butanedione, 2-cyclopentene-l-one, and 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-furaldehyde, 2-furaldehyde delivered through pyrolvsis of the wood cigarette paper were higher than that of flax cigarette paper. To identify the difference between two cigarette papers, we used the cigarette column filled with the cut cigarette paper instead of the cut tobacco leaf. The amounts of semi-volatile fraction delivered from flax cigarette paper was more than that of wood cigarette paper. But, by using the cut tobacco, there was no big difference of delivery amount between flax and wood cigarette papers. Also, aroma of TPM by collecting from brening cut tobacco wrapped in flax and wood papers showed a different pattern by the electonic nose system. Although the difference between two cigarette papers by using the cut tobacco was smaller than that of cut cigarette paper, this result indicated that the fax and wood had the different effects on the delivery of smoke components as shown in the sensory test results.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2001

목적: $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO는 뇌혈류영상에 사용되는 방사성의약품으로, HMPAO (RR,SS)-4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecan-2,10-dione bisoxime)는 3개의 입체이성체(meso-, d-, l-HMPAO)가 존재한다. $^{99m}Tc$표지 meso-HMAPO와 d,l-HMPAO는 체내에서 뇌섭취에 차이를 나타낸다. 이 연구에서는 d,l-HMPAO 입체이성체 혼합물을 d-형과 l-형으로 분리하여 각각을 $^{99m}Tc$으로 표지하여 생체내분포를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상및 방법: 2,3-Butanedione monooxime과 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine을 반응시켜 imine 형태의 중간화합물(수율: 54%)을 얻었다. 이를 환원시켜 d,l-과 meso-HMAPO 혼합물을 얻었다(수율 : 31%). 이것을 4번 분별결정하여 miso-HMPAO를 분리하였다(수율: 11%). d,l-라세미 혼합불은 (+)-타르타르 산과 (-)-타르타르 산을 이용하여 d-형과 l-형을 분리하였다(수율 25%, 5%). 합성한 각 입체이성체 HMPAO를 환원제로 $SnCI_2{\cdot}2H_2O$를 이용하여 $^{99m}Tc$으로 표지한 후, 마우스에 투여하여 1 시간 후 생체내분포를 확인하였다. 결과: 우리는 각 입체이성체 HMAPO를 합성하고 핵자기공명분광기와 선광도측정기를 이용하여 구조를 확인하였다. $^{99m}Tc$ 표피후 지용성 $^{99m}Tc$HMPAO의 방사화학적 순도는 80% 이상이었다. 각 입체이성체(d,l-, d-, l- HMPAO)의 뇌섭취율은 1.34, 1.12, 1.67% ID/g으로, l-형이 d-형보다 1.5 배 더 높았다. 결론: 우리는 각 입체이성체 HMPAO를 성공적으로 합성하였다. l-HMPAO를 분리하여 사용할 경우 보다 나은 영상을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2001

Ligand-receptor clustering event is the most important step in leukocyte adhesion and spreading on endothelial cells. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been shown to enhance leukocyte adhesion, but the molecular event during the process of adhesion is unclear. To visualize the dynamics of ICAM-1 movement during adhesion, we have engineered stable Chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing ICAM-1 fused to a green fluorescent protein (IC1_GFP/CHO) and examined them under the fluorescence microscopy. The transfection of IC1_GFP alone in these cells was sufficient to support the adhesion of K562 cells that express $\alpha$L$\beta$2 (LFA-1) integrin stimulated by CBR LFA-1/2 mAb. This phenomenon was mediated by ICAM-1-LFA-1 interactions, as an mAb that specifically inhibits ICAM-1-LFA-1 interaction (RRl/l) completely abolished the adhesion of LFA-1＊ cells to IC1_ GFP/CHO cells. We found that the characteristic of adhesion was followed almost immediately (~10 min) by the rapid accumulation of ICAM-1 on CHO cells at a tight interface between the two cells. Interestingly, ICI_GFP/CHO cells projected plasma membrane and encircled approximately half surface of LFA-1+ cells, as defined by confocal microscopy. This unusual phenomenon was also confirmed on HUVEC after adhesion of LFA-1＊ cells. Neither cytochalasin D nor 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase blocked LFA-1-mediated ICAM-1 clustering, indicating that actin cytoskeleton and myosin-dependent contractility are not necessary for ICAM-1 clustering. Taken together, we suggest that leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells induces specialized form of ICAM-1 clustering that is distinct from immunological synapse mediated by T cell interaction with antigen presenting cells.

• BMB Reports
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.277-285
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• 1996

In Pseudomonas fluorescens grown on malonate as sole carbon source, acetyl-CoA synthetase was induced, suggesting that malonate is metabolized through acetate and then acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA synthetase was purified 18.6-fold in 4 steps to apparent homogeneity. The native molecular mass of the enzyme estimated by a native acrylamide gel electrophoresis was 130 kDa. The enzyme was composed of two identical subunits with a molecular mass of 67 kDa. Optimum pH was 70. The acetyl-CoA synthetase showed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the substrates, acetate, ATP and CoA, whose $K_m$ values were calculated to be 33.4, 74.8, and 40.7 mM respectively. Propionate. butyrate and pentanoate were also used as substrates by the enzyme, but the rate of the formation of the CoA derivatives was decreased in the order of the increase in carbon number. The enzyme was inhibited by the group-specific reagents diethylpyro-carbonate, 2,3-butanedione, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and N-bromosuccinimide. In the presence of substrates the inactivation rate of the enzyme, by all of the group-specific reagents mentioned above decreased, indicating the presence of catalytically essential histidine, arginine, lysine and tryptophan residues at or near the active site. Preincubation of the enzyme with ATP, $Mg^{2+}$ resulted in the increase of its susceptibility to diethylpyrocarbonate, suggesting that ATP, $Mg^{2+}$ may induce a conformational change in the active site exposing the essential histidine residue to diethylpyrocarbonate. The enzyme was acetylated in the presence of acetyl-CoA, indicating that this is one of acyl-enzyme.