• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 1997

노인 인구와 증가와 공해의 심화 및 진단기술의 발달로 원발성 폐암은 증가하는 추세이다. 폐암의 치료방법은 외과적 완전절제가 가장 효과적 인 방법 이나, 진단시 완전절제가 가능한 경우는 25%~30%에 불과하고 완전 절제술을 받은 환자도 폐암의 아형, 병소의 진행정도,림프절의 전이 정도 및 환자의 전신상태에 따라 장단기 생존율에 차이가 있다. 이에 저자는 편평상피세포 폐암의 임상적 소견이 수술후 장단기 생존율에 영향을 주는 인자를 규명하고자 최근 10년동안 폐암으로 완전 절제술을 받았던 148례 중 조직검사상 편평상피세포 폐암으로 진단된 87례에 대하여 술후 임상성적을 조사하였다. 연령은 31세 에서 73세까지로 평균 57.13 $\pm$ 7.15세이었고 50대와 60대가 전체의 80.5%를 차지하였으며 남자가 78례 여자가 9례로 남녀비는 8.9 1이었다. 입원시 주증상으로는 기침이 78.2%로 가장 많았고 체중감소(31.0%), 흉통(29.9%), 각혈 및 혈담(24.1%) 등이 있었다. 좌우 발생빈도는 우측이 44.8%, 좌측이 55.2%였으며 폐엽별 발생빈도는 좌상엽에 39.1%, 우하엽에 20.7%, 좌하엽에 16.1%,우상엽 14. 9%로 좌상엽에서 가장 높았다. 술후 병리조직검사 소 傷\ulcorner의한 병기는 제1병기는 19.5%, 제2병기는 25.3%, 제3a병기는 54.1%, 제)b병기는 1.1%이었다. 수술수기로는 전폐절제술이 52.9%로 가장 많았으며 47.1%에서는 폐엽절제술을, 4례에서는 상엽절제술 및 기관지성형술을 시행하였다. 종격동 림프절전 이는 단일 림프절전이가 17례이 었고, 2곳 이상의 종격동 림프절전이는 23례 였으며, 우측 종양에서는 하부 기관주위부 림프절 및 기관분기부 림프절전이가 8례와 10례로 가장 많았고, 좌측 종양에서는 대동맥 하림프절전이가 9례로 가장 많았다. 술후 2례가 폐부종에 의한 호흡부전으로 사망하여 수술사망률은 2.2%이 었으며, 수술합병증으로는 애성이 7례, 창상감염이 5례, 유미흉이 4례 있었다. 수술후 추적관찰 기간은 1개훨에서 99개훨까지 평균 29.95$\pm$ 17.21개월이었고 전체 환자의 술후 1년 생존율은 75.1%, 5년 생존율은 29.8%이었다 병기에 따른 1년 및 5년 생존률은 제1병기에서 93.7%와 52.4%이 었고, 제2병 기 에서는 92.2%와 30.5%이 었으며, 제3a병기에서는 61.2%와 17.4% 이었다. 이상의 소견으로 미루어 폐암 환자에서는 병소가 적고 종격동 림프절에 전이를 일으키기 전에 조기 에 발견하여 외과적 완전 卉┝珦\ulcorner시행하는 것이 장기 생존을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This research targeted the high school students to analysis the behavior leading to oral health following the level of knowledge of and attitude towards oral health. Going steps further, this research examines the effect of the education on the oral cavity's health on the behavior leading to oral health to provide the need to conduct education on the oral cavity's health. Methods: High school students in the 1st to the 3rd grades in two high schools in Gyeongsangnamdo were targeted to conduct survey on 444 students. Collected data was subjected to the SPSS statistical program to obtain the frequency, percentage and average. Moreover, standard deviation, t-verification, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and logistics regression analysis were conducted. Results: First, average of the high school students' knowledge of and attitude towards oral cavity's health was higher when the education on the oral cavity's health was received compared to when education on the oral cavity's health was not received. Second, knowledge of and attitude towards oral cavity's health were high when there was the willingness to participate in the education on the oral health. In case education on the oral cavity's health was received, average of the knowledge of oral cavity's health was high, which manifested statistically significant difference. Average of the knowledge of oral cavity's health was high as well in case there is a perception that the need for the education on oral cavity exists. Third, the probability of having had their teeth scaled was higher when the total score for the knowledge of oral cavity's health was higher. The probability of having had their teeth scaled was higher when the score on the attitude for preventing periodontal disease was higher. Conculsion: These results demonstrate that the existence of high school students' education on the oral cavity's health, and knowledge of and attitude towards oral cavity's health exert significant influence on the behavior leading to oral cavity's health.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Cold Hypersensitivity of Hands and Feet (CHHF) has been diagnosed objectively by Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) and has been known to be associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS), which can be assessed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV). This study evaluated the correlation between severity of CHHF and HRV variables.Methods: We studied 155 non-menopausal women with CHHF who visited Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from 01 October 2013 to 30 April 2016. We measured DITI and HRV of each patient. We used DITI to calculate the severity of CHHF with thermal difference between upper arm (L4, 俠白穴) and palm (P8, 勞宮穴) of both hands and anterior thigh (ST32, 伏兎穴) and dorsum of foot (LI3, 太衝穴) of both feet. The correlation between severity of CHHF and HRV variables were analyzed.Results: In time domain analysis, there was significantly positive correlation between the severity of CHHF and both SDNN and RMSSD. In frequency domain analysis, there was significantly positive correlation between the severity of CHHF and TP, HF and HF Norm while there was significantly negative correlation between the severity of CHHF and LF Norm as well as between the severity of cold hypersensitivity of both hands and LF/HF ratio.Conclusions: The more severe CHHF is, the more increased the function of parasympathetic nerve system (PNS) and relatively decreased the function of sympathetic nerve system (SNS) is. Also, it has known that cold hypersensitivity could be caused by deficiency syndrome and qi deficiency has the same ANS tendency as CHHF. Therefore, in practical fields, this result can be helpful in planning treatment and deciding prognosis in respect of deficiency syndrome.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.457-475
• /
• 2005

We have inquired on what the statistical classes of the secondary schools had been aiming to, say the epistermlogical objects. And we now appreciate that the main obstacle to the systematic articulation is the lack of anticipation on what the statistical concepts are. This study focuses on the ingredients of the statistical concepts. Those are to be the ground of the systematic articulation of statistic courses, especially of the one for the school kids. Thus we required that those ingredients must satisfy the followings. i) directly related to the contents of statistics ii) psychologically developing iii) mutually exclusive each other as much as possible iv) exhaustive enough to cover all statistical concepts We examined what and how statisticians had been doing and the various previous views on these. After all we suggest the following three concepts are the core of conceptual developments of statistic, say the concept of distributions, the summarizing ability and the concept of samples. By the concepts of distributions we mean the frequency views on each random categories and that is developing from the count through the probability along ages. Summarizing ability is another important resources to embed his probe with the data set. It is not only viewed as a number but also to be anticipated as one reflecting a random phenomena. Inductive generalization is one of the most hazardous thing. Statistical induction is a scientific way of challenging this and this starts from distinguishing the chance with the inevitable consequences. One's inductive logic grows up along with one's deductive arguments, nevertheless they are different. The concept of samples reflects' one's view on the sample data and the way of compounding one's logic with the data within one's hypothesis. With these three in mind we observed Korean Statistic Curriculum from K to 12. Distributional concepts are dealt with throughout but not sequenced well. The way of summarization has been introduced in the 1 st, 5th, 7th and the 10th grade as a numerical value only. One activity on the concept of sample is given at the 6th grade. And it jumps into the statistical reasoning at the selective courses of ' Mathematics I ' or of ' Probability and Statistics ' in the grades of 11-12. We want to suggest further studies on the developing stages of these three conceptual features so as to obtain a firm basis of successive statistical articulation.

• 재활간호학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study to analyze the relationship the activities of daily living(ADL), self-efficacy, and health promoting behaviors. Method: The research was a descriptive survey study. The subjects of this study were 115 hospitalized stroke patients to two General hospitals and one Oriental treatment hospital in G. Metropolitan. Data was collected through questionnaires from December 1st, 2003 to January 30th, 2004. The survey instruments used in the study Shah, Vanclay and Cooper's MBI(11 items), and Sherer and Maddux's self-efficacy(10 items), Walker, Sechrist, and Pender's HPLP(23 items) was developed by the researcher. The obtain data were analyzed with an SPSS 10.0 program using frequency, percentage, Cronbach's alpha, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: The results were as follows; The level of ADL the score was 50.5, self-efficacy 40.4, and health promoting behavior 54.6. There were significant differences of ADL by general and disease related characteristics as follows : for monthly income(F=2.72, p= .048), duration of stroke(F=7.98, p= .001), number of attack(F=5.21, p= .007), operation (F=17.88, p= .000). There were significant differences of self-efficacy by general and disease related characteristics as follows : for monthly income(F=4.83, p= .003), number of attack (F= 6.20, p=. 003), operation(F=4.03, p= .047). There were significant differences of health promoti ng behaviors by general and disease-related characteristics as follows : for aphasia(F=4.24, p=.042). There were significant correlated between ADL and self-efficacy(r= .698, p=.000), self- efficacy and health promoting behavior(r=.398, p= .000), ADL and health promoting behavior(r= .235, p= .011). Conclusion: As a result, There was a significant correlation between ADL, self-efficacy and health promoting behaviors. There will be considered useful nursing intervention effect to progress, support health promoting behavior of stroke patients.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2007

INTRODUCTION: Local heat and cold application has been frequently used as means of muscle relaxation and blood circulation or reinforcing muscle strength, relaxing muscle tension in clinical situation. In particular, it has been known that long-term heat and cold application for relaxing muscle tension inhibits muscle spasticity or tension. But, it has been rarely reported that what influences of heat and cold application on activation of muscle action potential. Therefore, this study aims to analyze surface temperature and electromyography activities according to the heat and cold application. METHODE: Subjects of this research were 10 normal men and women (5 men, 5 women). Hot pack and cold pack was applied to vastus medialis muscle of thigh and rectus femoris muscle for 20 min. Surface temperature of vastus medialis muscle and rectus femoris muscle was measured, knee joint of subjects was in $45^{\circ}$ flexion, sitting on a chair, maximal isometric contraction was induced, surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were collected and root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MOF) were analyzed. All measurements were conducted before and immediately after experiment, 10 min., 20 min. and 30 min. after experiment. Data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 program, comparison of changes in superficial temperature and sEMG signals through repeated measurement was conducted with repeated measures ANOVA and significance level $\alpha$ was 0.05. RESULTS: Changes of surface temperature of vastus medialis muscle according to cold application were radically decreased immediately after application, but it was recovered after 30 min. of application and it showed significant difference (F4. 36=72.216, P<0.001). Surface temperature of rectus femoris also showed radical decrease immediately after application, but it was recovered after 30 min. of application and showed significant difference (F4. 36=88.930, P<0.001). Changes of surface temperature of vastus medialis muscle according to heat application were radically increased immediately after application, but it was recovered after 30 min. of application and it showed significant difference (F4. 36=27.267, P<0.001). Surface temperature of rectus femoris also showed radical decrease immediately after application, but it was recovered after 30 min. of application and showed significant difference (F4. 36=19.774, P<0.001). Changes of sEMG by heat and cold application were no statistical difference. Surface temperature of skeletal muscle after heat and cold application showed significant change for 30 min., but it was found that increase or decrease of surface temperature had not great influence on sEMG activities.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.577-582
• /
• 2016

최근 급속한 녹색환경 정책으로 LED를 이용한 조명 광원들이 설치 운용하고 있으나, 이들 광원의 전원 공급은 안정된 직류 전원 공급을 위해서 스위칭 모드 전원 공급(SMPS) 장치로 전원을 공급하고 있다. 그러나, 이들 전원 공급 장치는 공급 단가 때문에 설계 및 설치과정에서 스위칭에 따른 전력과 변환역률, 전기적 노이즈 및 돌입전류들은 간과하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 SMPS는 고품질의 전원을 LED 조명 부하에 공급하기 위하여 스위칭 시에 다음과 같은 3가지 관점에서 회로를 연구하였다. 첫 번째, 역률과 효율을 약 85% 확보하고, 두 번째, 노이즈(고조파 포함) 최소화, 세 번째는 스위치-온 시 3A 돌입전류를 $100{\mu}sec$ 후 최소 0.3 A로 감소하여 돌입 전류 침입을 최소화 하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 IC형 구동기(LNK 409)를 적용하여 입력전압과 출력상황을 귀환 형태로 감시하도록 하였으며, 정전류 출력을 위하여 정전압을 유지할 수 있는 제어회로와 시상수를 개발하였다. 그러나, 부하 변동 시 미세한 전류의 불규칙으로 인한 발열 문제는 해결하지 못하고 있다. 이를 증명하고자 LED 조명 부하 46 W급을 대상으로 효과를 검증하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2020

Recently, the overseas construction market has been actively promoted for about 10 years, and overseas dam construction has been continuously performed. For the economic and safe construction of the dam, it is important to prepare the main dam construction plan considering the design frequency of the diversion tunnel and the cofferdam. In this respect, the prediction of river level during the rainy season is significant. Since most of the overseas dam construction sites are located in areas with poor infrastructure, the most efficient and economic method to predict the water level in dam construction is to use the upstream water level. In this study, a linear regression model, which is one of the simplest statistical methods, was proposed and examined to predict the downstream level from the upstream level. The Pyeongchang River basin, which has the characteristics of the upper stream (mountain stream), was selected as the target site and the observed water level in Pyeongchang and Panwoon gaging station were used. A regression equation was developed using the water level data set from August 22th to 27th, 2017, and its applicability was tested using the water level data set from August 28th to September 1st, 2018. The dependent variable was selected as the "level difference between two stations," and the independent variable was selected as "the level of water level in Pyeongchang station two hours ago" and the "water level change rate in Pyeongchang station (m/hr)". In addition, the accuracy of the developed equation was checked by using the regression statistics of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Adjusted Coefficient of Determination (ACD), and Nach Sutcliffe efficiency Coefficient (NSEC). As a result, the statistical value of the linear regression model was very high, so the downstream water level prediction using the upstream water level was examined in a highly reliable way. In addition, the results of the application of the water level change rate (m/hr) to the regression equation show that although the increase of the statistical value is not large, it is effective to reduce the water level error in the rapid level rise section. Accordingly, this is a significant advantage in estimating the evacuation water level during main dam construction to secure safety in construction site.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The electroacupuncture(EA) was often used in Oriental medicine clinic and basic researches. However, there have been neither any national standard of acupuncture needles in Korea nor many studies about the property of acupuncture needles for applying electrical stimulations. Therefore we investigated the electrical corrosion property of acupuncture needles used for EA stimulation in clinic. Methods : We observed the occurrence of electrical corrosion like changes in the surface of acupuncture needles after EA stimulation with various parameters(electrical stimulation intensity, treatment duration, diameter of needle) under a light microscope. We performed EA stimulation on Baekhoe($GV_{20}$) or Joksamli($ST_{36}$) of rats with intensity of 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5mA at a 10Hz frequency. Results : The electrical corrosion-like changes were found on the surface of needles when the EA stimulation was given over 0.05mA of intensity. When electrical stimulation was treated for 10min, the electrical corrosion-like changes were low, but the electrical corrosion-like changes gradually increased by the treatment duration(20, 30min). We also found that acupuncture needles of 0.2mm diameter were produced more extensive electrical corrosion-like changes than acupuncture needles of 0.3 or 0.4mm diameter by electrical stimulation. Conclusions: These results suggested that EA stimulation could produce electrical corrosion-like changes of acupuncture needles through intensity of current, duration of electric stimulation and/or diameter of needle.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to affect health improvement of adolescent, to understand behavioral causes follow adolescent's drug abuse, to understand recovery and rehabilitaton process of adolescent drug abuser. The data are collected through open questionnaire and interview of 25 adolescents from the experienced drug abuse 16 students(male 8, female 8) in two vocational high schools and admissing adolescents 9 person in Alcohol-Drug Addiction Care Centre in Seoul from June 28th to August 31st, 1994. The collected data are arranged and explained through categorizing method stated contents about motives, causes, experiences and effected behaviors for using the drugs of drug abuser adolescents. DRUG USING MOTIVATION They are almost first son and daughter in their family. In their conversation person, male converses to their mother well, but female does not converse to their parents include family. Both groups respond positively to companionship and attitude to other, but negatively to self-confidence and actualizing attitude. They hope always peace of family and want to do their best for their life. In school group, hard and difficult things are school life and family problems, also using the drugs for resolving the them. About drug using behaviors, male responds to bad habbit and shamfull, but female is unconcerned with drug using attitude. The first background of drug using, male gets to use because of curiosity and to be induced from friends or seniors, but female gets to use for feminine beauty(thin body) and escape from reality. Used the drugs, male uses frequently Bond, Butane-Gas among inhalation materials and also marijuana, but female uses various diuretics. The times of drug using, both groups repond to use during the chaging of emotion or filling with stress. The place of drug using, both groups take drugs in vacant houses or in the mountain. The frequency of drug using, they use almost once in a day and they use mostly alone or drug user in friends. Experienced mental changing after drug using, which is fantasy, ecstasy, anxiety and suicidal feeling, and experienced physical changing after drug using, which is elevating sense, headach, abdominal pain, dyspnea and chaging of skin colour and reddish. They coincide with inconvenience feeling due to drug using. RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION PROCESS OF DRUG USING ADOLESCENTS The reason for reforming drug using behavior and attitude, both groups respond to reforming for oneself and social life. The difficult things during the stop to using drugs, all of them responed to family problems, friends problems and temptation and impulse. As for stop to using drug, they need good advise, understandable attitude and family love. But they do not need to be stigmatized, scolding, over protect and ridicule of friends. Also they entreat continuous understanding, advise, concern and the method for resolving stress. For the friends to want to use the drug, they will talk about the stories of their personal experiences and for the friends to stop to using the drug, they will consider for them how to stop. From the theses results, drug users understand personal problems due to drug using, and consider about why to stop and how to stop. Also drug users need to resolve the family problems, personal problems, stress and temptations or impulses. Accordingly this paper suggests that drug users in adolescents need understandable and acceptable atitudes, loving and tenderness, continuous advice and concern, and hopes for life.