• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2011

A purpose of study is to develop optimization and radiation dose exposure reference level by measuring actual radiation dose in condition of quality control of mammography equipment for 39 clinics. The result were as follows. First, we measured T-test separating radiology from general clinic. According to the test, mAs was measured at average 78.58 mAs; radiology at 80.16 mAs and general clinic at 77.22 mAs. And, kerma rate was measured at average 7.71 mGy/mR; radiology at 8.94 mGy/mR and general clinic at 6.66 mGy/mR. HVL was measured at average 0.42 mmAl; radiology at 0.40 mmAl and general clinic at 0.43 mmAl. Average glandular dose was measured at average 1.14 mGy; radiology at 1.09 mGy and general clinic at 1.19 mGy. Second, we measured value of mAs, HVL, processing method and so on dividing two groups. And, we compared and analyzed average value measured using T-test. As a result, there was significance level in SID(P<0.05). There was significance level in mAs(P<0.05). Because processor was measured at 1.00 mGy and CR at 1.17 mGy according to the processing method of radiology. Third, according to the correlation analysis, radiology had significance level between average glandular dose and mAs and general clinic had significance level between average glandular dose and SID(P<0.05). Forth, as a result of regression analysis, mAs affected 22.7%t of average glandular dose and SID affected 21.7% of average glandular dose, which had significance level(P<0.05). And, mAs affected 29.0% of average glandular dose in radiology and SID affected 29.1% of average glandular dose in general clinic, which was most influential.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1651-1655
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• 2015

UGT1A play important roles in the glucuronidation of a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. UGT1A isoforms are expressed tissue specifically. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 mRNA expression and pancreatic cancer. Paired healthy and tumor tissue samples of 43 patients with pancreatic cancer were included in this study. UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 mRNA expressions were analyzed by real time-PCR. In the result of study, UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in tumor tissue than normal tissue of pancreatic cancer patients (p<0.05). In addition, high mRNA expression of UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p<0.05). The data suggested that UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 may play roles in the progression of pancreatic cancer. Consequently, UGT1A3 and UGT1A7 are potential prognostic indicators.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.3 s.117
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• pp.366-377
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• 2006

Environmental gradients and phytoplankton community were studied on a monthly basis, at 3 stations of Lake Yongdam, from April 2002 March 2004. During July to August, thermocline formed at the depth of about 10 m, but it was lowerd depth, in between 25${\sim}$30 m in October. Monthly variations of the epilimnetic (0${\sim}$5 m) TP concentrations at station 1, 2 and 3 were in the range of $5.1{\sim}36.1\;mg\;P\;{\cdot}\;m^{-3}$, $6.1{\sim}77.7\;mg\;P\;{\cdot}\;m^{-3}$ and $6.7{\sim}47.7\;mg\;P\;{\cdot}\;m^{-3}$ respectively; with higher concentrations at the upstream areas showing. Monthly average of the epilimnetic (0${\sim}$5 m) TN concentration at Station 1 was in the range of $0.88{\sim}1.73\;mg\;N\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$, and Station 3 was in the range of $0.94{\sim}2.77\;mg\;N\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$, which is higher if compared with the values of station 1. Transparency wa:s in the range of 0.8${\sim}$6.7 m, with lower values at upstream areas and higher at the downstream area. As for phytoplankton, during the winter season, diatoms had high appearance rate; during the spring season, Cyclotella comta, Aulacoseira ambigua f. spiralis, A. granulata and similar diatoms, during spring and summer Ankistrodesmus spiralis, Chodatella subsala, Crucigenia irregularis, Coelastrum cambricum, Scenedesmus ecornis v. ecornis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.785-789
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• 1995

In order to optimize the batch expression of sesame oil, recovery of expressed oil(REO) from roasted and unroasted sesame seeds were observed at different temperature, pressure, pressing duration and moisture content, and relatinship between REO and effects of expression factors were analysed. REO was high at 2.5~4.5% moisture content, 30~$50^{\circ}C$ and 30~50MPa, and decreased abruptly with increasing moisture content above 4.5%. The optimum temperature, pressure, pressing duration and moisture content were $40.1^{\circ}C$, 54.4MPa, 21.7min and 1.3% for unroasted seeds and $44.4^{\circ}C$, 37.8MPa, 14.4min and 2.52% for roasted seeds, respectively. REO in optimum condition was 84.6% in unroasted seed and 81.7% in roasted seed. From the statistic analysis between effects of expression factors and REO, importance of their effects was decreased in the order of moisture content, pressure, temperature and pressing duration. And also interaction effects were high in $pressure{\times}moisture$ content, $temperature{\times}moisture$ content and temperature pressure. The multiple regression equation between REO(Y) and temperature(T), pressure(P), moisture content(M), and pressing duration(D) were as follows ; $Y=18.20$ $35.66P$＋$24.52M-4.45P^{2}-1.20TM-4.02PM-6.62M^{2},\;r^{2}=0.89$, for unrosated sesame seed, $Y=117.93$＋$16.40P-58.61M-2.75P^{2}$＋$1.79TM-1.65PM$＋$7.16M^{2},\;r^{2}$$=0.91$ for roasted sesame seed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to improve activity of Spodoptera litura Nucleopoly-hedrovirus (SINPV) combined with organic and functional matters. In combination of SINPV mixed with organic matters, LT$_{50}$ values of SINPV 1.0${\times}$10$^{5}$ PIBs/$m\ell$ combined with boric acid of 2,000 ppm were 4.5 days. It was 1.5 days shorter than SINPV 1.0${\times}$10$^{5}$ PIBs/$m\ell$ alone. The body weight of larva infected with SINPV 1.0${\times}$10$^{5}$ PIBs/$m\ell$ combined with boric acid of 2,000ppm was not increased, and S. litura was completely dead in 7 days after treatment. It suggested that addition of boric acid in SINPV application enhanced the pathogenicity against S. litura larvae. In laboratory experiment of combination of SINPV with functional matters, LT$_{50}$values of SINPV 1.0${\times}$10$^4$ PIBs/$m\ell$ alone were 7.3 days, but those of SINPV 1.0${\times}$10$^4$ PIBs/$m\ell$ with electrolyzed oxidizing water, pyroligneous liquor or kitosan were 10.4, 9.3 and 11.2 days, respectively. Functional matter could be suppressed the insecticidal activity of SINPV

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

뇌졸중이라고 진단된 입원 환자 26명을 대상으로 3일동안 섭취한 식이와 24시간 뇨와 혈액을 수집하고 혈압을 측정하여 나트륨, 칼륨, 캄슘, 마그네슘의섭취 수준에 다른 뇨중 배설량과 혈중 수준을 관찰하고 이들과 혈압과의 관계를 알아봄으로써 뇌졸중 환자를 포함한 고혈압 관리의 치료식이를 제공하는데 기초자료로 사용하고자 실시간 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자들의 평균 연령은 남녀 각각 52.6세, 58.5세였으며 평균 BMU는 남녀 각각 21.6, 22.4였다. 입원 당시 평균 혈압은 남녀 각각 147.3/90.9mmHg, 162.7/102.0mmHg였고, 실험 종료일의 평균 혈압은 남자의 경운 124.6/80.8mmHg 였고 여자 대상자는 137.7/91.3mmHg 였다. 2. 1일 평균 나트륨, 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘의 섭취 향은 96.7$\pm$30.7mEq,64.8$\pm$19.0mEq, 431.3$\pm$227.1mg, 333.9$\pm$145.9mg이었다. 3. 1일 평균 뇨중 나트륨, 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘의 배설량은 76.7$\pm$28.2mEq, 33.9$\pm$16.6mEq, 65.6$\pm$34.0mg, 96.5$\pm$58.0mg이었다. 4. 평균 혈청내 나트륨, 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘의 함량은 137.8$\pm$4.3mEq/l, 3.7$\pm$0.5mEq/l, 7.6$\pm$0.8mg/dl, 2.2$\pm$0.2mg/dl로써 칼슘 농도가 정상수준에 비해 비교적 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 5. 혈압과 무기질과의 관계에서 수축시 혈압의 증가시 뇨중 칼륨 배설이 증가함으로써 수축기 혈압과 뇨중 칼륨 배설량 사이에 유의적인 부의 상관관계가 나타났다. (p<0.05). 이상과 같은 입원중인 뇌졸중 환자의 뇨중 나트륨과 칼륨의 배설률 및 혈청과 뇨중 칼슘 배설수준이 정상인 보다 낮은 수준이었으며, 칼륨은 뇌졸중 환자의 혈압관리에 효과적이 무기질로 작용할 가능성이 보여지므로 고혈압관리를 위한 식사 처방시 이들 무기질에 대한 고려가 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the bacteriological and physiological quality of seawater and surface sediments in Sacheon Bay of Korea from January to September in 2009. During the study period, the means of temperature was range from 5.3 to $24.9^{\circ}C$ (mean $17.7{\pm}0.4^{\circ}C$), transparency range from 1.4 to 2.5 m (mean $1.8{\pm}0.5m$), suspended solid ranged from 16.2 to 35.8 mg/L (mean $24.2{\pm}2.2mg/L$), chemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.42 to $3.29mgO_2/L$ (mean $2.06{\pm}0.55mgO_2/L$), dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.7 to 9.5mg/L (mean $7.9{\pm}0.6mg/L$), respectively. Seafood, if eaten raw, carries the risk of food poisoning. Seafood poisoning is often cause by pathogenic microorganism originating from fecal contamination, such as Salmonella sp., Shigella sp. and norovirus. Fecal coliforms are an important indicator of fecal contamination. Therefor, data on fecal coliform are very important for evaluating the safety of fisheries in coastal areas. So, we investigated the sanitary indicate bacteria. In this study, 56 sea water samples were collected from the Sacheon Bay, and total and fecal coliforms were compared and analyzed. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of sea water in Sacehon Bay were ranged from <1.8~7,900 MPN/100mL (GM 214.7 MPN/100mL) and <1.8~330 MPN/100mL (GM 9.7 MPN/ 100mL), respectively. Total coliforms were detected in 75.0% of the samples and 76.2% of the total coliforms were fecal coliforms. During the study period, the means of water content, ignition loss, COD, and acid volatile sulfates in sediments in Sacheon Bay were $53.28{\pm}2.58%$, $9.38{\pm}0.42%$, $14.23{\pm}3.36mgO_2/g$, $0.09{\pm}0.07mgS/g$, respectively.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.144-147
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• 2014

It was intended to closely examine an effect that a change in the concentration of culture medium had on the potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlet growth in the microponic system so as to mass-produce the virus-free plant of new variety 'Saebong' for potato processing. The adjusted concentration of potato culture medium was 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, and $14.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. And potato seedling was cut into pieces of 1.5 cm in length, which included 2 growth points and leaves. And each was explanted in glass vial of 50 mL. And experiments were carried out twice for 18 days or 21days. Culture medium of 2ml was put in the container respectively. And 1 mL was added after 10 days. And in terms of cultivation environment, the experiment was carried out at the day length of 16 hours at the temperature of $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ under the white LED light of $40{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The concentration of culture medium in the experiment I was EC 0.2, 1.0, $14dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and was adjusted to 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in the experiment II. The results showed that the survival rate of plantlet was 90% at $0.2dS^2m^{-1}$, 100% at $0.6dS^2m^{-1}$, 100% at $1.0dS^2m^{-1}$. 0% at $1.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, 0% at $1.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. and 0% at $14.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ after 7 days. With regard to the explanted potato seedling, in case of the treatment where the electrical conductivity of culture medium was adjusted to $1.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, root developed 2 days after transplantation. And the plantlet vigorously grew into strong plant that had 7 leaves, length of 5cm, and fresh weight of 0.5 g after 18 days. In case of the treatment where the concentration of culture medium was adjusted to $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, the root plantlets developed 4 days after transplantation. And those grew into plant that had 7 leaves and fresh weight of 0.2 g after 21 days. Therefore, we found that it is effective to control potato culture medium by adjusting its electrical conductivity to $0.6{\sim}1.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for the mass production of virus-free potato seedling in the microponic system.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.272-279
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• 2013

The fermented puer tea leaves were high concentrated extracted with 50% ethanolic solution in this study. Also, evaluating the anti-oxidative activity and anti-aging effect of this extract, we expected to apply the cosmetic industry. The yield of fermented puer tea extract was 17.9%. The total polyphenol content was 37.5%, tannin content was 7.5%, polysaccharide was 17.9%, unknown compound was 22%, and water content was 8%. Anti-oxidative activity (in-vitro) of fermented puer tea extract by DPPH method was $33.7{\pm}1.8%$ in 30mg/mL, $39.4{\pm}2.2%$ in 50mg/mL respectively. Therefore, we could know that anti-oxidative activity of fermented puer tea extract was effect higher than tocopheryl acetate and greentea extract. The collagen synthesis activity (in-vitro) of fermented puer tea extract was increased with $102.9{\pm}9.9%$ in 1 mg/mL, $111.5{\pm}9.9%$ in 5 mg/mL, $122.7{\pm}12.2%$ in 10 mg/mL, $131.5{\pm}13.7%$ in 30 mg/mL (*p-value£0.05, n=3). Skin moisturizing activity of fermented puer tea extract after application 8 hours was increased 38.5% higher than control samples both tocopheryl acetate and greentea extract. Total moisturizing effect was increased about 32.7% compared to before treatment. Fermented puer tea extract of this study can be applied to the skin care cosmetics industry.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.833-847
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• 2016

Drought stress is a major agricultural limitation to crop productivity worldwide, especially by which leafy vegetables, plant leaves eaten as vegetable, could be more lethal. The study was carried out to know the effect of drought tolerance plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on water stress of kale seedlings. A total of 146 morphologically distinct bacterial colonies were isolated from bulk soil and rhizosphere soil of leafy vegetables and screened for plant growth promoting microbioassay in greenhouse. Out of them the isolate SB19 significantly promoted the growth of kale seedlings in increasement of about 42% of plant height (14.1 cm), 148% of leaf area ($19.0cm^2$) and 138% of shoot fresh weight (1662.5 mg) attained by the bacterially treated plants compared to distilled water treated control (9.9 cm, $7.7cm^2$, 698.8 mg). Shoot water content of SB19 treated kale seedlings (1393.8 mg) was also increased about 152% compared with control (552.5 mg). The SB19 isolated from bulk soil of kale plant in Iksan, Korea, was identified as species of Bacillus based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. We evaluated the effect of drought tolerance by the Bacillus sp. SB19 on kale seedlings at 7th and 14th days following the onset of the water stress and watering was only at 7th day in the middle of test. In the survey of 7th and 14th day, there were mitigation effect of drought stress in kale seedlings treated with $10^6$ and $10^7cell\;mL^{-1}$ of SB19 compared to distilled water treated control. Especially, there were more effective mitigation of drought damage in kale seedlings treated with $10^7cell\;mL^{-1}$ than $10^6cell\;mL^{-1}$. Further, although drought injury of bacterially treated kale seedlings were not improved at 14th day compared with 7th day, drought injury of $10^7cell\;mL^{-1}$ of SB19 treated kale seedlings were not happen rapidly but developed over a longer period of time than $10^6cell\;mL^{-1}$ of SB19 or control. The diffidence of results might be caused by the concentration of bacterial suspension. This study suggests that beneficial plant-microbe interaction could be a important role of enhancement of water availability and also provide a good method for improving quality of leafy vegetables under water stress conditions.