• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.405-413
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• 2012

Rho iso-alpha acids-rich extract (RIAA) from Humulus lupulus (hops) and proanthocyanidins-rich extracts (PAC) from Acacia nilotica exert anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that a combination of these two extracts would exert enhanced effects in vitro on inflammatory markers and insulin signaling, and on nonfasting glucose and insulin in db/db mice. Over 49 tested combinations, RIAA:PAC at 5:1 ($6.25{\mu}g/mL$) exhibited the greatest reductions in $TNF{\alpha}$-stimulated lipolysis and IL-6 release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, comparable to $5{\mu}g/mL$ troglitazone. Pretreatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with this combination ($5{\mu}g/mL$) also led to a 3-fold increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake that was comparable to $5{\mu}g/mL$ pioglitazone or $901{\mu}g/mL$ aspirin. Finally, db/db mice fed with RIAA:PAC at 5:1 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days resulted in 22% decrease in nonfasting glucose and 19% decrease in insulin that was comparable to 0.5 mg/kg rosiglitazone and better than 100 mg/kg metformin. RIAA:PAC mixture may have the potential to be an alternative when conventional therapy is undesirable or ineffective, and future research exploring its long-term clinical application is warranted.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.467-476
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• 1994

Lactobacillus casei HY 2782, prophage cured strain was characterized to be stable as much as L casei YIT 9018, parent strain. By southern hybridization, it was confirmed that the temperate phage was incorporated in chromosomal DNA of L. casei YIT 9018 as a prophage. It was also proved that the prophage was cured from chromosomal DNA of L casei HY 2782. The growth rate, lactic acid producing ability, carbohydrates fermentation, and enzymatic activity of L. casei HY 2782 were found to be similar to those of L. casei YIT 9018. When L casei HY 2782 was used as a host, the multiplicity of infection (M.O.I.) of the temperate phage for L. casei HY 2782 was 1.0~5.0. Restriction enzyme analysis of pLC90 plasmid from L. casei HY 2782 was shown that the size was an approximately 68.22 kb. The plasmid profiles, genomic DNA patterns, and cellular fatty acids composition of L. casei HY 2782 were similar to those of L casei YIT 9018. And the major fatty acids composition of these strains were C$_{14;0}$,C$_{16;1}$, C$_{16;0}$, C$_{18;1}$ and C$_{19;cyclo-}$ 10 sets of arbitrary primer in the PCR were screened to find differentiation against two strains of L. casei. Among them, b$_{5}-1/17-1 primer was produced an approximately 1.3 kb DNA band of only L casei YIT 9018. And b$_{5}-2/17-2 primer was produced an approximately 1.0 kb DNA band of only L casei HY 2782.

• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

In this study, toxicities of seven metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, As(III), As(V), Zn, Ni) and five metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs: CuO, ZnO, NiO, $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$) were evaluated based on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. Effect on algae growth was evaluated by integrating the results of absorption, chlorophyll content, and cell count. The toxicity rankings of metals was observed as Cr ($0.7mgL^{-1}$) > Cu ($1.7mgL^{-1}$) > Cd ($3.2mgL^{-1}$) > Zn ($3.9mgL^{-1}$) > Ni ($13.2mgL^{-1}$) > As(III) ($17.8mgL^{-1}$) ${\gg}$ As(V) (> $1000mgL^{-1}$). Slightly different orders and sensitivities of metal toxicity were examined depending on endpoints of algal growth. In case of NPs, regardless of endpoints, similar toxicity rankings of NPs ($TEC_{50}$) were observed, showing ZnO ($2.4mgL^{-1}$) > NiO ($21.1mgL^{-1}$) > CuO ($36.6mgL^{-1}$) > $TiO_2$ ($62.5mgL^{-1}$) > $Fe_2O_3$ ($82.7mgL^{-1}$). These results indicate that an integrating results of endpoints might be an effective strategy for the assessment of contaminants.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

In this paper, we would like to show unexpected morphogenic potential of cell suspensions derived from seedling explants of Gentiana kurroo (Royle). Suspension cultures were established with the use of embryogenic callus derived from seedling explants (root, hypocotyl and cotyledons). Proembryogenic mass proliferated in liquid MS medium supplemented with $0.5mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-D and $1.0mg\;l^{-1}$ Kin. The highest growth coefficient was achieved for root derived cell suspensions. The microscopic analysis showed differences in aggregate structure depending on their size. To assess the embryogenic capability of the particular culture, 100 mg of cell aggregates was implanted on MS agar medium supplemented with Kin ($0.0-2.0mg\;l^{-1}$), $GA_3$ ($0.0-2.0mg\;l^{-1}$) and AS ($80.0mg\;l^{-1}$). The highest number of somatic embryos was obtained for cotyledon-derived cell suspension on $GA_3$-free medium, but the best morphological quality of embryos was observed in the presence of $0.5-1.0mg\;l^{-1}$ Kin, $0.5mg\;l^{-1}$ $GA_3$ and $80.0mg\;l^{-1}$ AS. The morphogenic competence of cultures also depended on the size of the aggregate fraction and was lower when size of aggregates decreased. Flow cytometry analysis reveled luck of uniformity of regenerants derived from hypocotyl suspension and 100% of uniformity for cotyledon suspension.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.62-66
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• 1979

These studies were designed to define the effects of Benzyladenine and 2, 4-D on the induction and growth of callus tissue from embryos and plant segments of Korean ginseng. 0.5PPM was the minimum concentration of 2, 4-D for the induction of callus tissue from embryos and plant segments of ginseng. Best callus induction occurred at a 2, 4-D concentration of 5 mg/liter but growth of this callus was best at a 2, 4-D concentration of about 1.0 to 2.0 mg/liter and benzyladenine was ineffective as callus inducer. When the embryos were grown on the media containing 0.5 mg/liter of 2, 4-D, 5 to 6 axillary buds were formed at the basal part of epicotyle.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1303-1309
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• 2012

A novel ligand N,N'-(2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl)bis[N-(carboxymethyl)] (L1) was designed and synthesized. Four co-luminescence groups of Sm-La-pyridyl carboxylic acids systems were researched, which are $K_4Sm_{(1-x)}-La_x(L_1)Cl_3{\cdot}y_1H_2O$, $K_4Sm_{(1-x)}La_x(L_2)Cl_3{\cdot}y_2H_2O$, $K_6Sm_{2(1-x)}La_{2x}(L_3)Cl_6{\cdot}y_3H_2O$, $K_4Sm_{(1-x)}La_x(L_4)Cl_3{\cdot}y_4H_2O$. The results indicated the addition of La(III) could sensitize the luminescence of Sm(III) obviously in a certain range, enhancing emission intensity of Sm-pyridyl carboxylic acids relative to the undoped ones. The optimal mole percentages of La(III) in the mixed ions for $L_1$, $L_2$, $L_3$, $L_4$ were confirmed to be 0.6, 0.5, 0.3, 0.6, respectively. The mechanism of the fluorescence enhancement effect was discussed in detail. Furthermore, the binding interaction of $K_4Sm_{0.4}La_{0.6}(L_4)Cl_3{\cdot}5H_2O$ with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been investigated due to its potential biological activity. The binding site number n was equal to 1.0 and binding constant $K_a$ was about $2.5{\times}10^5\;L{\cdot}mol^{-1}$.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.154-165
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• 1991

To establish the hematological reference values in the healthy adults visited our hospitals, following examination were done on 2823 persons by Coulter Counter Model S-plus II ; white blood cell count: (WBC), red blood cell count(RBC), hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), red cell distribution width(RDW), platelet, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume(MPV) and platelet distribution width(PDW). The following results are obtained. 1) Male, mean value of WBC ; $6,800{\pm}2,680(2SD)/{\mu}l$ Female, mean value of WBC ; $5,950{\pm}2,380(2SD)/{\mu}l$ 2) Male, mean value of RBC ; $428{\pm}60(2SD){\times}10^4/{\mu}l$ Female, mean value of WBC ; $415{\pm}56(2SD){\times}10^4/{\mu}l$ 3) Male, mean value of Hb ; $15.4{\pm}1.8(2SD)g/dL$ Female, mean value of Hb ; $13.0{\pm}1.6(2SD)g/dL$ 4) Male, mean value of Hct ; $45.3{\pm}5.0(2SD)%$ Female, mean value of Hct ; $38.2{\pm}4.6(2SD)%$ 5) Male, mean value of MCV ; $93.8{\pm}5.8(2SD)fL$ Female, mean value of MCV ; $92.2{\pm}7.4(2SD)fL$ 6) Male, mean value of MCH ; $31.8{\pm}2.2(250)pg$ Female, mean value of MCH ; $31.4{\pm}2.8(2SD)pg$ 7) Male, mean value of MCHC ; $34.0{\pm}1.2(2SD)%$ Female, mean value of MCHC ; $33.9{\pm}1.2(2SD)%$ 8) Male, mean value of RDW ; $12.7{\pm}1.0(2SD)%$ Female, mean value of RDW ; $12.6{\pm}1.4(2SD)%$ 9) Male, mean value of Platelet ; $242.9{\pm}87.8(2SD){\times}10^3/{\mu}l$ Female, mean value of Platelet ; $242.2{\pm}89.0(2SD){\times}10^3/{\mu}l$ 10) Male, mean value of Plateletcrit ; $0.201{\pm}0.076(2SD)%$ Female, mean value of Plateletcrit ; $0.204{\pm}0.076(2SD)%$ 11) Male, mean value of MPV ; $8.20{\pm}1.70(2SD)fl$ Female, mean value of MPV ; $8.36{\pm}1.82(2SD)fl$ 12) Male, mean value of PDW ; $16.1{\pm}0.8(2SD)%$ Female, mean value of PDW ; $16.0{\pm}0.8(2SD)%$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1986

In order to determine the content levels of trace metals in cow's milk, 79 market milk samples were collected from markets in major cities of Korea from July to August, 1985 and analyzed for content levels of Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd. The Results were as follows Cu, average 43.5 $\mu$g/l range 14 ~ 172.7 $\mu$g/l Fe, average 398.4 $\mu$g/l range 35 ~ 1,873 $\mu$g/l Zn, average 2.917 mg/l range 1.233 ~ 7.46 mg/l Mn, average 26.74 $\mu$g/l range 7.6 ~ 102 $\mu$g/l Pb, average 33.9 $\mu$g/l range N.D. ~ 105 $\mu$g/l Cd, average 1.73 $\mu$g/l range N.D. ~ 5.4 $\mu$g/l

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate production characterisitic of methane gas in anaerobic digestion reactor according to input type of food waste. In the production rates of $CH_4$ gas per g $VS_{added}$, reactor R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 in which sewage sludge and food waste were combined with mixing ratio of 1:0.1, 1:0.3, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2 showed 85mL, 62mL, 67mL, 72mL, and 73mL $CH_4/g$ $VS_{added}$ which were much more than sewage sludge digestion alone. Methane content according to crushing size of food waste respectively showed 51.1%(raw food), 53.1%(2~4mm), and 50.6%(<2mm), In case of methane production according to washing of food waste, R12(7~8 times washing) showed the highest methane production.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2008

The Acorn (Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS), which contains a large quantity of tannin, should be developed as a processed food as the acorn is rich in natural antioxidants and other valuable components. Accordingly, acorn extraction conditions for polyphenol and gallic acid (both antioxidants) were investigated by response surface methodology. The content of polyphenols were determined under 16 different extraction conditions based upon a central composite design. The parameters varied over $30-70^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature, 1-5 h of extraction time, and 5-25 mL/g of solvent ratio, Gallic acid extraction was optimal at $60-100^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature, 1-5 h of extraction time, and 5-25 mL/g of solvent ratio, Epicatechin content was highest at $56.77^{\circ}C$, 4.16 hand 22.38 mL/g. Catechin content was highest at $52.37^{\circ}C$, 2h and 23.59 mL/g. The maximum catechin content was $91.30{\mu}g/mL$. Epigallocatechin content was influenced by extraction temperature and time. The maximum epigallocatechin content was $1,066.56{\mu}g/mL$ at $61.42^{\circ}C$, 4.17h, and 9.25 mL/g. The maximum value of epicatechingallate content was $125.39{\mu}g/mL$ at $47.72^{\circ}C$, 3.04h, and 24.93mL/g. Epigallocatechingallate content was influenced principally by solvent ratio and the maximum content was $61.38{\mu}g/mL$ at $48.11^{\circ}C$, 2.96h, and 24.95mL/g. The total polyphenol content was maximal at $1,332.75{\mu}g/mL$, after extraction at $61.50^{\circ}C$, 4.24h, at 9.71mL/g. The higher the extraction temperature and the longer the extraction time, the greater the polyphenol content. Gallic acid content was highest, the maximal level was $30.51{\mu}g/mL$ after $65.84^{\circ}C$, 1.65h at 17.17 mL/g, and this was influenced principally by extraction time and solvent ratio.