• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.555-560
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• 2014

This study investigates the effect of sodium bicarbonate ($NaHCO_3$) on growth of S.dimorphus. $NaHCO_3$ concentration was varied from 0 to 2 g-C/L. As a result, the increase in concentration of $NaHCO_3$ up to 1.5 g-C/L increased dry weight of algae. The highest specific growth rate of S. dimorphus was $0.36day^{-1}$ which was obtained at concentration of 0.5 g-C/L $NaHCO_3$. pH showed a large variation range at the concentrations lower than 0.5 g-C/L $NaHCO_3$ whereas inorganic carbon, nitrate and phosphorus removal rates were almost same at the concentrations higher than 0.5 g-C/L $NaHCO_3$ (0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2 g-C/L $NaHCO_3$). Their average inorganic carbon, nitrate and phosphorus removal rate were 70 mg-C/L/d, 11.3 mg-N/L/d, and 1.6 mg-P/L/d, respectively. Thus, $NaHCO_3$ didn't effect on inorganic carbon, nitrate and phosphorus removal rate of S. dimorphus.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to develop and apply a water quality simulation model for the evaluation of ungaged watershed. The Modified WASP5 consisted of three sub-models, LOAD-M, DYN-M, and EUT-M. LOAD-M, an empirical model, estimates runoff loadings using point and non-point source data of villages. Daecheong Dam watershed was selected for the research to calibrate, verify and application of Modified-WASP5. LOAD-M model was established using field data collected from all items of water quality and water quantity gaging stations of the watersheds, and was applied to the ungauged watersheds, taking the watershed properties under consideration. The result of water quality simulation using ModifiedWASP5 shows that the observed BOD data of Yongpo and Daechong Dam in 1999 were 0.8 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L, and simulated data were 0.9 mg/L and 0.9 mg/L, respectively. In case of 1999, average BOD concentrations were 0.8 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L. Simulated concentration showed 1.1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Generally, the simulation results were in good agreement with the observed data. This study was focused on formulating an integrated model for evaluating ungauged watersheds. Even though simulation results varied slightly due to limited availability of data, the model developed in this study would be a useful tool for the assessment and management of ungauged watersheds.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.327-333
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study is to verify the usefulness of the rabbit model for disc degeneration study. Materials: The L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4. or L4-L5 lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) of 9 mature male New Zealand White rabbits were injured by inserting a 16-gauge needle to a depth of 5 mm in the left anterolateral annulus fibrosus while leaving L5-L6 IVD uninjured. Three other rabbits also received intradiscal injections of rabbit disc cells transfected with adenovirus and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (ad-BMP-2) at L4-L5 in addition to injury by 16-gauge needle at the L1-L2 level. Using digitized radiographs, measurements of IVD height were made and analyzed by using the disc height index (DHI). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the injured discs, injected discs, and uninjured L5-L6 discs were performed at 15 weeks post surgery and compared with preoperative MRI scans. Results: All twelve rabbits showed consistent results of disc degeneration within 15 weeks following annular puncture. DHIs of injured discs were significantly lower than that of the uninjured L5-L6 discs (p<0.05). The mean value of disc degeneration grade of injured discs was significantly higher than that of uninjured discs (p<0.05). The injection of disc cell transfected with ad-BMP-2 did not induce disc regeneration at 15 weeks after injection. Conclusion: This study showed that the injured disc had a significant change in DHI on simple lateral radiograph and disc degeneration grade on MRI scans within 15 weeks in all rabbits. Rabbit annular puncture model can be useful as a disc degeneration model in vivo.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 0.5% calcium lactate(CaL) on the fermentation of dough and quality and shelf-life of bread. Calcium lactates(CaL-A and CaL-P) were prepared from ash of black snail which contained shell and tissue together(ABS) and powder of the snail(PSB). pH of dough with the CaLs were higher than that of the control md, volume of the dough, loaf volume of bread were lower than those of the control products. But the volumes were almost the same when the pH of the dough were adjusted to pH 5.5. Mean calcium contents of treated bread (39.36~49.70 mg/100 g) were higher than that of control products(13.43 mg/100 g). There was no difference in Hunter $L^{*}$, $a^{*}$, $b^{*}$ values between the control and the treated group. Hardness and gumminess of CaL-A treated bread were the highest, but springiness and cohesiveness were the lowest. All the attributes showed no difference in case of pH adjustment(pH 5.5). The smaller pore and larger air cell with rough surface were observed in the CaL treated bread by SEM analysis. Sensory scores of CaL treated bread showed relatively lower values than those of the control products, but the scores increased by pH adjustment. The shelf-life of bread with CaL-P and CaL-A at 2$0^{\circ}C$ were 4 and 3 days, respectively, while that of the control group 1 day.day.y.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-137
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• 2000

Callus cultures from leaf explants of Gypsophila paniculata L. cv. 'Bristol Fairy' have been tested their growth and morphogenic capacity on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.l, 0.5, 1 and 3 mg/L 2,4-D. The frequency of callus formation ranged from 43.3% to 100%. The optimal 2,4-D concentration for promoting callus formation and growth was 0.5 to 3 ㎎/L. 4.2∼ 5.6% of adventitious roots were obtained with the use of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. Calli grown well on 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D was the heaviest among the calli grown in various concentrations.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.617-622
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• 2003

D-erythro-sphinganine 1 and L-threo-sphinganine 2 have been prepared in the enantiomerically pure form by the chirospecific manner. Key intermediates, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-pentenoates 8 and 12, were obtained from L-glucono-1,5-lactone and L-gulonic acid g-lactone via a simultaneous dealkoxyhalogenation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 1999

To establish the mass propagation system of Lavandula spica cv. Marino, shoot tip, node, internode and leaf segment cultures were carried out. RAPD was applied to detect the somaclonal variation. Callus induction was very high in the medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2.4-D, 2 mg/l NAA. especially and combined with 0.05 mg/l BAP from leaves. Shoot formation was high with $2{\sim}4\;mg/l$ BAP or 4 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA from shoot tip. Shoot proliferation was 9.1 times in the $B_{5}$ medium with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.01 mg/l NAA. Root formation was improved in NAA, which was the concentration of 0.1 to 1 mg/l and 1 mg/l IAA. Nursery survival rate was enhanced over 90% and growth was looked good in the acclimation soil consisting of peatmoss : vermiculite : perlite (1:1:1, v:v:v). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to assess the genetic variation in plants regenerated from in vitro culture.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1106-1110
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• 2000

New 14-membered tetraaza macrocycles 1,8-diallyl-3,5,7,7,10,12,14,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane $(L^2)$ and 1,8-bis(n-propyl)-3,5,7,7,10,12,14,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane $(L^3)$ have been prepared by direct react ion of 2,5,5,7,9,12,12,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane $(L^1)with$ allyl bromide or n-propyl bromide. The nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of $L^2andL^3have$ been prepared. The macrocycles show high copper(II) selectivity against nickel(II) ion in methanol solutions containing water. The wavelengths (ca. 505 nm) of the d-d bands for the nickel(II) complexes are extraordinarily longer than those for the complexes of $L^1and$ other related di-N-alkylated 14-membered tetraaza macrocycles. Crystal structure of $[NiL^2](ClO4)_2$ shows that the average Ni-N bond distance $(1.992\AA)$ of the complex is distinctly longer than those of other related nickel(II) complexes. Effects of the N- and C-substituents on the properties of the macrocyclic compounds are discussed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.405-413
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• 2012

Rho iso-alpha acids-rich extract (RIAA) from Humulus lupulus (hops) and proanthocyanidins-rich extracts (PAC) from Acacia nilotica exert anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that a combination of these two extracts would exert enhanced effects in vitro on inflammatory markers and insulin signaling, and on nonfasting glucose and insulin in db/db mice. Over 49 tested combinations, RIAA:PAC at 5:1 ($6.25{\mu}g/mL$) exhibited the greatest reductions in $TNF{\alpha}$-stimulated lipolysis and IL-6 release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, comparable to $5{\mu}g/mL$ troglitazone. Pretreatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with this combination ($5{\mu}g/mL$) also led to a 3-fold increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake that was comparable to $5{\mu}g/mL$ pioglitazone or $901{\mu}g/mL$ aspirin. Finally, db/db mice fed with RIAA:PAC at 5:1 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days resulted in 22% decrease in nonfasting glucose and 19% decrease in insulin that was comparable to 0.5 mg/kg rosiglitazone and better than 100 mg/kg metformin. RIAA:PAC mixture may have the potential to be an alternative when conventional therapy is undesirable or ineffective, and future research exploring its long-term clinical application is warranted.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.467-476
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• 1994

Lactobacillus casei HY 2782, prophage cured strain was characterized to be stable as much as L casei YIT 9018, parent strain. By southern hybridization, it was confirmed that the temperate phage was incorporated in chromosomal DNA of L. casei YIT 9018 as a prophage. It was also proved that the prophage was cured from chromosomal DNA of L casei HY 2782. The growth rate, lactic acid producing ability, carbohydrates fermentation, and enzymatic activity of L. casei HY 2782 were found to be similar to those of L. casei YIT 9018. When L casei HY 2782 was used as a host, the multiplicity of infection (M.O.I.) of the temperate phage for L. casei HY 2782 was 1.0~5.0. Restriction enzyme analysis of pLC90 plasmid from L. casei HY 2782 was shown that the size was an approximately 68.22 kb. The plasmid profiles, genomic DNA patterns, and cellular fatty acids composition of L. casei HY 2782 were similar to those of L casei YIT 9018. And the major fatty acids composition of these strains were C$_{14;0}$,C$_{16;1}$, C$_{16;0}$, C$_{18;1}$ and C$_{19;cyclo-}$ 10 sets of arbitrary primer in the PCR were screened to find differentiation against two strains of L. casei. Among them, b$_{5}-1/17-1 primer was produced an approximately 1.3 kb DNA band of only L casei YIT 9018. And b$_{5}-2/17-2 primer was produced an approximately 1.0 kb DNA band of only L casei HY 2782.