• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.6.2-7
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• 1982

We have observed foreign bodies in food and air passage in 270 cases during the period from Sep. 1976 to Aug. 1981 in E.N.T. department of Han Gang Sacred Heart Hospital. The following results were obtained. 1) Distribution of location was 256 cases (94.8%) in food passage and 14 cases(5.2%) in air passage. 2) Age distribution was predominent in under 5 years old showing 198 cases(77.7%) in food passage and 10 cases (71.4%) in air passage. Under 5 years old group in the cases of food passage, coin was the most frequent material : 175 cases(87.9%), and in the cases of air passage, plastic material was the most frequent material : 5 cases(50.0%). Over 40 years old group in the cases of food passage, bony pieces was the most frequent material : 8 cases(47.1%), and meats was second frequent material: 6 cases. 3) Male seems to be more frequently involved than female in cases of food and air passage. Food passage - Male: Female - 151 : 105 (1.4:1) Air passage - Male : Female - 10:4 (2.5:1) 4) Coin was the most frequent foreign body in food Passage (199 cases-77.7%). Others were metals, bony pices, and meats. Plastic material was the most frequent foreign body in air passage (7 cases-50%). 5) In the locality of food passage, the first narrowing of the esophagus was the most frequent site, and air passage, the bronchus-especially right bronchus-was the most frequent site. 6) During of lodgement was 218 cases (85.2%) within 24 hours in food passage and 9 cases (64.3%) within 24 hours in air passage, and in air passage one case visited 5 months later after the accident.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 1983

A study of infestation patterns for larval trematodes from fresh-water fish and brackish-water fish was carried out during the period from June to October in 1982. They were collected by netting, asking with rod and lino, and using the a bait of crushed oil cake in a transparent plastic bowls at the three localities, Daebon-dong, Kugil-dong, and Hoam-dong in the river Taechong, Kyungpook Province, Korea. Five species of fresh-water fish, the crussian carp, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, the bullhead, Coreobagrus brfvicorpus Mori, the fat minnow, Morose oxycephalus (Bleeker) , the flat bitterling, Paracheilognathus rhombea (Temminck et Schlegel) , and the catfish, Parasilurus asotus (Linnaeus), and two kinds of brackish-water fish, the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus(Linnaeus) and the sweet-fish, Plecoglossus aztivelis (Temminck et Schlegel) were examined. Four species of the metacercariae, Exorchis eviformis, Metacercaria hasegawai, Metorchis orientalis and undetermined larvae were found. Of these, the encysted larvae of the human intestinal fluke, Metagonimus yokegawai, were found from three kinds of fresh-water fish, the crussian carp, the bullhead and the fat minnow and one species of brackish-water fish, the sweets;sh and the infestation rates for the larvae varied appreciably from fish to fish. The intensity of infestation with the Metagonimus larvae in the three species of fresh-water fish was low, and the average number of the larvae per gram of flesh varied from 0.5 to 0.2. By comparison, the brackish-water fish wqs more heavily infested and the mean number of cysts per gram of flesh in Plecoglossus altivelis was 109.2. It was foung that infection with Metagonimus yokogawai os caused by consuming raw fresh-sater fish and brackish-water fish caught in the river Taechong, Kyungpook Province, Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.248-259
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• 2004

A total 115 isolates of Fusarium species from ginseng roots of 'rotted', and soils collected during 1982-1985 in Korea, were identified and classified into 11 species with the Snyder & Hansen System (with reference to Gerlach-Nirenberg's Modified System). The most dominant of these species were F. solani (55 isolates), F. oxysporum (35 isolates), and F. moniliforme (10 isolates) sensu Snyder & Hansen. The other 8 species (15 isolates) were very rarely isolated and previously identified as F. roseum sensu Snyder & Hansen (1945); these were F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, F. graminum, F. arthrosporioides, F. sambucinum, F. reticulatum, F. semitectum and F. poa. Tested for the ability to infect the roots of ginseng (3 yr. old plants) in field condition with the mycelial inoculum, only one isolate of F. solani (34 isolates tested) and one isolate of F. oxysporum (24 isolates tested) were weakly pathogenic to ginseng roots. Any of the isolates (7 isolates tested) of F. moniliforme [Liseola section] were not pathogenic to ginseng. However, all the isolates of tested of the species of Phytophthora cactorum, Pythium ultimum, and Cylindrocarpon destructans were highly pathogenic to ginseng roots. The species of Fusarium solani and Cylindrocarpon destructans were supposed to be a host dominant disease agent in ginseng plant.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 1983

Rock trout, Agrammus agrammus(Temminck et Schlegel) is commonly found at the coast of Korean waters. Mature adult of the rock trout were collected at the shore of Dongbaeksom in Pusan during the period from Nov. 18 to Nov. 25, 1983 through know the early developmental characters. The authors carried out the artificial insemination in the laboratory on Nov. 24, 1982, and roared the eggs and the hatched larvae. The eggs of this species are demersal and adhesive, and their diameter were varied within 1.92-2.14mm. The color of yolk is light blue in the early developmental stage, and then turned to orange before hatching out. The yolk contained numerous tiny oil globules. Hatchig toot plnace in ca. 463 hours after insemination at $11.8-17.9^{\circ}C$ of water temperature. The newly hatched larvae were elongate in share and 6.55-8.20 mm in total length with 12+26=48 myomers. Many branched melanophores were distributed on the supra-orbital, dorsal double body contour, and peritoneal, and also under the notochord of the tail.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 1987

The ecological studies of the benthic polychaetes of the Yellow Sea were carried out for five years from August 1982. The emphasis of the research were placed on clarification of the distributional pattern and characteristic species of environmental factors on the polychaete community. Based on the polychaete samples analysed during the study period, it was possible to divide the polychaetes into five ecological groups : 18 warm water, 22 cold water, 20 cosmopolitan, 29 endemic, and 7 amphi-pacific species, Anaitides koreana, Aglaophamus sinensis, Nephtys polyoranchia, Nephtys caeca, Glycera capitata, and Scoloplos armiger seem to be characteristic species of sand bottom, while Haploscoloplos elongatus and Ophelina aulogaster of mud bottom. A total of 6 benthic communities have been recognized from the dominant benthic fauna found. In each benthic communities, dominant and characteristic polychaete species were clarified according to their ecological types. In general, as echinoderms such as Ophiura kinbergi, Amphioplus megapomus, and Luidia quinaria are distributed widely and found in high density, their influence on the distribution of most polychaetes is clearly shown.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.140-151
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• 2003

Purpose: We tried to evaluate the long term efficacy and positive predictive factors of interferon-alpha treatment in children with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: The study population included 113 children who received interferon therapy between May 1982 and July 2002 (20 years) for chronic hepatitis B in Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Male to female ratio was 2.3 : 1 and the mean age at diagnosis was $11.1{\pm}4.1$ years old. Response to treatment was defined as normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), disappearance of HBeAg and HBV-DNA Eighty two children responded while 32 did not. Interferon-alpha was given intramuscularly for 6 months at a dosage of $3{\times}10^6$ unit, 3 times weekly. In relapsed cases, lamivudine or interferon retreatment was done. Results: Seroconversion rate was 77.0% in terms of HBeAg, 74.3% in terms of HBV-DNA, and 80.5% in terms of ALT normalization after treatment. Seroconversion rate of both HBeAg and HBV-DNA was 72.6%. Analyzed by life table method, the effect of the treatment had been maintained over 10 years after cessation of therapy. Pre-treatment ALT level was the only significant positive predictive factor of response. Eleven cases (13.4%) relapsed, and 2 out of 3 showed response when treated with lamivudine and 1 out of 3 with interferon retreatment. Conclusion: Interferon-alpha showed significant efficacy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in our study. Further studies about the effect of interferon therapy on complications of hepatitis such as hepatocarcinoma, cirrhosis are warranted.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different seeding rates of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and cutting frequency on the dry matter yield botanical composition of pasture mixtures in first harvest year. The experimental design was a split-plot design with three replication. The main plots were two seeding rates of Italian ryegrass at 0.3 and 1.0kg per 10a and the sub-plots were 3, 4, and 5 cutting frequency. The experiment was undertaken over a period 12 months from September 1981 to August 1982. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The different seeding rates of Italian ryegrass had no effect on total day matter yield. 2. Over the experimental period, the total dry matter yield of pasture mixtures was increased with increasing the cutting frequency, but there was no significant. 3. It was found that dry matter yield of weeds clearly decreased with the high seeding rate of Italian ryegrass over the experimental period. 4. The high seeding rate of Italian ryegrass showed the trend toward the high yield of Italian ryegrass, and the low yield of orchardgrass and ladino clover. 5. At the early stage of the experiment, the botanical compositions of orchardgrass and ladino clover were decreased with the high seeding rate of Italian ryegrass. But at the final stage they were not influenced by the seeding rates of Italian ryegrass. From the above results it is suggested that the high seeding rate of Italian ryegrass give a good effect on the early forage yield and weed control, and the high cutting frequency maintain desirable botancial composition of orchardgrass and ladino clover in the pasture mixtures with Italian ryegrass.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 1983

The nationwide survey of weed population covering 1,800 wheat and barley fields in 60 Cities and Guns all around Korea was conducted in December of 1982 and March-April of 1983. In this survey result, two species of gresses and 35 species of broadleaves were identified, and among them 36 and 29 species were found in the wheat and barley fields of upland and paddy, respectively. In the scope of weed life cycle, biennials were more dominant than perennials and annuals in these fields. The most dominant weed species in upland fields were Stellaria media, Cyrillus and Alopecurus aequalis Sobol var. amurensis Ohwi while those in paddy fields were Stellaria alsine Grimm. var. undulata Ohwi and Alopecurus aequalis Sobol var. amurensis Ohwi. In addition, the more weeds were observed in the conventional row seeding method than in other seeding methods including drill seeding and also in no-tillage than in tillage method. In the other hand, the successive use of herbicide for several years greatly influenced the pattern of weed occurrence; broadleaved weeds increased and grasses decreased with the successive use of herbicides.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.23 no.3 s.60
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• pp.158-165
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• 1984

These studies were carried out to investigate the bionomics of Gonatocerus sp. y (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) , an egg parasite of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler (Homoptera: Deltocephalidae) under laboratory and field conditions at Gyeongnam Provincial O.R.D. in Jinju from 1982 to 1983. The developmental period of each life stage was observed under four different temperature conditions from $15^{\circ}C\;to\;30^{\circ}C\;with\;5^{\circ}C$ increment. The development from egg to adult at 15^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;and\;30^{\circ}C $ was completed in an average of 53, 25, 15, and 12 days and the females laid an average of 28, 48, 42, and 32 eggs respectively, with a maximum of 98. And most of the eggs were laid in the first two days after emergence. The time of adult emergence was determined under $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ condition. More than $76\%$ of the wasps emerged in the morning and the rest of them emerged in the afternoon. The average sex ratio between male and female was 1 : 5 when the wasps were developed from fertilized eggs. The longevity of female was greater than that of male when honey and water were provided as food, however, it was not when only water was supplied as food. The average longevities of females were 30 days at $15^{\circ}C$ and 15 days at $20^{\circ}C$ when honey and water were given as food. The peak precent parasitism of Gonatocerus sp. v on Nephotettix cincticeps in fallow fields was observed between late April and early May. The percent parasitism of the wasps In fallow fields was an average of 49\~59.9\% $ in Gyeochang, Namji and $23.2\~36\%$ in Namhae. The parasitic activities of the parasite had four peaks in paddy field, however, the highest peak was observed between late August and early September. The Percent e99 Parasitism of Gonatocerus sp. y was an average of $12.3\%$ on second the generation and $24.6\%$ of third genera lion of Nephotettix cinrticeps.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.563-574
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• 1986

The structure of gonads, gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of the jackknife clams, Solen strictus and Solen gordonis were investigated mainly by histological observation. The first species used were monthly sampled at the coastal area of Dadaepo, Pusan, Korea and Naechodo, Kunsan, Korea for one year from February 1982 to January 1983. The second species were monthly sampled at the sand beach of Dadaepo, Pusan, Korea, from February 1982 to January 1983. Sexualities of Solen strictus and Solen gordonis are dioecious, and these species are oviparous. The gonads are irregularly arranged from the subregion of mid-intestinal gland in visceral cavity to reticular connective tissue of foot. The ovary was composed of a number of small ovarian sacs and the testis was composed of several testicular lobuli which from the tubular structure. Early multiplicating oogonium was about $10{\mu}m$ in diamater. Nucleus and nucleolus, at that time, were distinct in appearance. Each of the early growing oocytes made an egg-stalk, connected to the germinal epithelium of the ovarian sac. A great number of undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells are abundantly distributed in the ovarian sacs in the early development stages. With the further development of gonad, these tissue and cells gradually disappeared. Then the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells function as nutritive cells in the formation and development of the early stage germ cells. Mature oocytes were free in the lumen of ovarian sacs and gradually become round or oval. Ripe oocyte was about 80 to $90{\mu}m$ in diameter. With the further development of testis, each of the testicular lobuli formed stratified layers composed of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa in groups on the germinal epithelium. After spawning, the gonad gradually degenerated, and disorganized completely. Then new differentiated tissues were rearranged next year. The annual reproductive cycle of those species could be classified into five stages; multiplicative, growing, mature, spent, degenerative and resting stage. It seems that the spawning season is closely related to the water temperature, and the spawning of Solen strictus occurs from June to July at above $20^{\circ}C$ in water temperature. The peak spawning season appeared in June at Dadaepo and in July at Kunsan, The spawning of Solen gordonis occurs from May to June with the peak spawning season in June. Percentages of the first maturity in female of Solen strictus ranging from 5.1-6.0 cm and 7.1-8.0 cm in shell length were $50\%$ and $100\%$, respectively.