• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1728-1737
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• 2001

1760년대 말의 미국문화는 전통적인 가치관에 반발하는 청년문화운동의 화산으로 특징지을 수 있는데 이러한 사회적인 변화는 복식에 새롭고 혁신적인 스타일을 가져오게 되는 요인이 되었다. 특히 이 시기의 미국의 청년층에 의해 일어난 반문화적인 현상으로 인식되어 온 동앙문화의 도입은 미국의 여성복식에 tie-dyeing(홀치기염)패션의 출현으로 복식에 반영되었다. 이에, 본 연구는 지금까지 복식 학자들에 의한 단편적인 추론으로만 설명되어 왔던 1960년대 말 미국여성복식에 나타난 홀치기염 패션의 특성에 관하여 문화적인 배경에 관한 고찰과 함께 이 시기에 출판된 정기 간행물을 연구의 일차자료로 이용하여 실증적으로 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법으로는 1955년부터 1975년 사이에 출판된 Vogue와 Mademoiselle 잡지에 실린 홀치기염 패션 사진자료를 내용분석법을 이용하여 수집하여 의류품목, 소재, 기법, 디자이너 및 제조업 체에 관한 내용으로 나누어 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 두 종류의 잡지 모두에서 다양한 소재로 만들어진 여러 의류품목에 각종 기법으로 적용되었던 홀치기염 패션이 이 시기에 나타나, 청년층에서 시작되었던 이 패션이 미국의 대중 및 상류층의 복식에도 확산되었음이 밝혀졌다. 나아가 홀치기염 패션스타일이 가장 많이 보여졌던 1969년에서 1971년 사이의 기간은 청년층의 반문화적 현상이 절정을 이루었던 시기와 일치하고 있어서 이러한 급진적인 사회 현상이 그대로 패션에도 반영되고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.439-447
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the evolution of precious metal and gem stores, and to derive the characteristics of this period from the government, industry, and consumers. Correspondingly, the contents of daily newspaper articles during this period were analyzed using Naver's news library search engine. The historical development process is as follows. Before the Korean War, precious metal jewelers operated in Jongno, Namdaemun, and Chungmuro, dealing with gold, silver, and platinum. Large stores not only sold jewelry and watches, but also functioned as craftsmen and watch repairers. After the war, a shopping district for precious metals and jewelry was formed around Midopa Department Store. By 1963, the number of jewelry stores in Seoul increased to about 130 and to about 280 by 1966. The characteristics of the government, industry, and consumers are as follows. The government continued to implement a policy to regulate the precious metal and jewelry industry. Despite challenges, the industry exhibited the potential for foreign currency acquisition and growth through domestic amethyst. Consumers could access information regarding precious metal jewelry in daily newspapers. In the late 1960s, various types of jewelry were distributed in line with an increase in income levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 1996

The development of information retrieval between 1950s and 1990s is described chronologically. For each decade, the following information retrieval systems are examined : post-coordinate and KWIC indexing methods for the 1950s ; off-line and experimental on-line systems for the 1960s ; on-line and full-text retrieval systems for the 1970s ; full-text databases, on-line interfaces, and overseas and domestic on-line databases for the 1980s ; and finally for the 1990s, CD-ROM, multimedia, hypertext, and Internet. The prospects for the future are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.159-173
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• 2002

The subject of the paper is for the study about the implication and the changes of design and functions in the underwear by the change of the times from late 19c until present time. Researching on documents and magazine's articles, and interviewing with women older than 60s is used for the period of previous 1960s. researching on documents, advertising, newspaper, and interviewing with the persons concerned is used for the period of after 1960s. Analysis showed periodical change in underwear is divided into that the changes of the time is divided into 1890-1950 start to Westernization in underwear, 1957-1969 Ready made in underwear. 1950-1969 Variety in underwear, 1980-1989 Fashioning, functioning in underwear, 1990-present Withdrawing from fundamental notion in underwear. The time of 1890-l950 showed the biggest change in an external form in underwear. In 1950-1969, notions of beauty in underwear ultimately swatch from Oriental sense to Western sense, In 70s, underwear achieved the early stage of fashioning. In 80s, Underwear became one of fashion item. In 90s, underwear achieved higher quality and variety. The basic notion of underwear was destroyed by exposing underwear.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.5
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• pp.35-66
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• 2003

This article dealt with the formation and dissolution of tautological structure in the Frank Stella's work from 1959 to 1980 years by the analysis of signifier. A characteristic of Stella's work change is that it has the gradual progress which condensed into three periods -1) the formation and fixation period of tautological structure 2) the relaxation period of tautological structure and 3) the dissolution period of tautological structure. In other words, the early works of stella in the early 1960s has the structure which minimize differences in one hand, and maximize strictness, clearness, and identity on the other hand However, the stella's work from mid 1960s to mid 1970s extend differences gradually, while keeping a characteristic of prior work. And the stella's work after late 1970s has the decentered disintegration, namely anti-tautological structure which maximize differences. 'The formation and dissolution of tautological structure' in the Stella's work could be understood in relation to the fact that the Greenberg's modernist canon has loss the power gradually after late 1960s. That is to say, the dissolution of tautological structure in the late stella's work could be interpreted as the inevitable product which is produced in the searching for a new canon of painting. However, on the other hand, the structural change of stella's work in the late 20th Century is also understood in relation to the broader context, the social, and cultural context. Here, it is interpreted as the one of typical example which reflect a social and cultural convulsion designated as a 'Coming of Postmodernism'. In short, the late Stella's work which emphasize differences and unclearness, while diverging from early Stella's work which stress identity and rationality could be interpreted that it has the homology with the change of ways of thinking in the late 20th century Society.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.184-191
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• 2009

Ideas regarding acting among new theater groups In the 1960s can be summarized in two major trends. The first trend was characterized with the pursuit of identity in a play. The second trend was characterized with the pursuit of creating a play that strongly and passionately explores internal human reality. In their pursuit of the goal of the second trend, they shockingly and strongly destroyed anything by rising in revolt against the existing spatial language. They believed that acting beyond acting as pursued by Stanislavski is not to implant a new type of human, but to develop the self hidden within the actor or to remove the actor's mask. Based on such recognition, the first thing that actors have to do is to remove or break free from the shell or skin that surrounds them. Accordingly, they sought a method that helped them act while taking off their shell or mask during acting and finally got the answer from "improvisation." One thing with improvisation is its way of stimulating the unconscious world of the actors in order to allow them to strongly express the hidden instinctive emotion from deep within them.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.5 s.77
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• pp.63-77
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes and the characteristics of the attitudes toward children and spaces provided for them. by analyzing people's daily lives in housing spaces and architects' floor plans between the 1920s and the 1960s. Different kinds of data were obtained from a variety of early literature, research reports, newspaper articles, historical documents, and magazines from the period. Findings of this study are as follows: 1. Before modernization in Korea, children had been regarded as immature persons. Confucian ideas of children viewed them as 'small adults' or 'immature adults.' Thus spaces for children's daily lives were neither differentiated from those of the adults' nor deemed important. However, since the Western invasions and colonization by Japan, a remarkable change in the attitudes toward children took place. Children began to be considered a hope for the future as well as members of modem families. In addition, the introduction of the new word, 'eorini (children),' by Mr. Bang Jeonghwan, brought about a significant change in social consciousness of children. 2. The appearance of 'adongshil (children's room)' on architects' floor plans, which was a result of the social critique against androcentrism during the l930s and 1940s, was highly meaningful. The new floor plans not only emphasized rationalization of the space but also upgraded the children's status in the family. 3. Since the liberation (1945), children's space was differentiated from parental spare by the introduction of private rooms and shared spaces. The privacy of each generation was expressed by the division, and the generations were considered equal in this space distribution. In conclusion, the appearance of children's rooms required conflict-laden changes of social ideals and of the family system. It also was a symbol of modernization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.106-118
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• 2009

This research is about the changes in the images of Bond and Bond Girl in '007' Series. And it examined through the social background of England from 1960s to 2000s and the costume in the film. The results were as follows: As the era of young fashion was opened after 1960, there was a big change, but Bond was expressed as a hero who had strong male chauvinism of the English aristocratic circles. However, after 1990s, he wore comfortable clothes and he underwent all sorts of hardships. On the other hand, Bond Girl had the image of a sexual target. However, after 1990s, she had sharp appearance and smart brain. Besides, she had professional ideas of a given work and she was changed into a healthy image. Second, Bond's job was an English secrete agent, but Bond Girl had no particular job in 1960s. In 1980s, various professional jobs appeared and in 1990s and 2000s, the professional job which was directly related with Bond's duties appeared. Third, Bond's upper class image was expressed by tuxedo, suit, black, gray, navy, beige, brown, and ivory. His hair was 2:8 parting or Dandy all black style produced his dignified and neat image. After 1990s, he often had casual dress, which created a comfortable image. Bond Girl was expressed feminine style by bikini, underwear, long dress, sky-blue, violet, black, simple costume. After 1990s, she wore a suite, one-piece, or a combat uniform, which showed her professionalism. especially Bond Girl's red dress was used as a psychological color to express temptation, enemy, and betray.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.5 s.207
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• pp.149-161
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to use content analysis for the periodic trend of newspapers regarding disabled children in the 1960s (1961, 1962), 1980s (1981, 1982) and 2000s (2001,2002), at intervals of 20 years with the Year of World Disabled People (1981) as the basic point. The results showed that the number of articles was increasing. Topics such as 'medical rehabilitation'. or 'educational environment' were emphasized in the 1960s, 'the environment for social awareness' in the 1980s, and 'educational environment' and 'environment for social awareness' in the 2000s. As for the types of disability, general disability, physical disability, sight impairment, hearing impairment, and other disabilities were covered, but the range of coverage was not comprehensive. The framing pattern followed the trend of the times, with marginal flaming on the decline and diverse framing on the rise. The tones of the articles were positive on the whole.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.748-761
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• 2005

This study attempts to describe and periodinate the sixty years history of Korean Geographical Society. For the purpose, several numerical records concerned with the society were employed. The Korean Geographical Society was established in 1945 as a first academic society in geography. The international participation of Korean geographers started when it applied for the IGU membership in 1959. Next year, Korean's application was approved at the 19th IGC in Stockholm. The 40 years later, Korea came to host the 29th IGC in Seoul. This means that the activity of Korean geographers has been vigorous during the 40 years in accordance with high growth of Korean economy. The number of the society member reached 116 in the latter part of 1960s. It grew steadily from 1970s to 1990s and now amounts to around one thousand. It is believed that such trend is associated with the increase of geographical department and the development of graduate programs during past 40 years in Korea. The number of the advanced degree holders was only 2 in 1960, and now reachs 338 among which 166($43\%$) obtained from the foreign country. The Int issue of the society journal 'Geagraphy' -the title was changed to 'Journal of the KGS' in 1993-was published in 1963. It has gradually developed into the annual for $1966{\~}1973$, the semi-annual for $1974{\~}1990$, the quaterly for $1991{\~}1997$, and the hi-monthly until 2005. One issue per year has been published in English since 1993. The annual number of papers accepted by the editorial board has increased from 7 in 1960s-1970s to 52 in the new millennium. In terms of the specialty distribution of total 725 papers after 1963, many Korean geographers have been preferable to the field of socio-economic and urban geography as their major, and next histro-cultural and physical geography. Recently, a growing number of younger geographers are more interested in such diversified fields as ecological geography, socio-historical geography, applied geography concerned with GIS technic, geography education and so on. Such trend is a reflection of the new era which is characterized by diversity, software, high technology, globalization and others. The sixty years history of the society nay be summarized into the five phases of periodization: (1) establishment and chaos($1945{\~}1959$), (2) reconstruction(1960${\~}$1969), (3)reorganization(1970${\~}$1989), (4) jump and rush($1990{\~}1999$), (5)globalization($2000{\~}\;$).