• 종양간호연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2001

Despite the advances in cancer therapy in the last 20 years, cancer continues to be a life-threatening illness, and the newly diagnosed individual faces a crisis that emphasized his or her mortality. Patients who suffer from cancer may have psychological problems, especially depression. Most tend to seek the meaning of suffering when continuing pain was experienced. Then the search for meaning, which is one of the primary needs of humans, begins. This meaning is "unique and specific" to the individual, and it must be fulfilled by the individual alone. This study was conducted to provide a basis of data for a nursing intervention program to minimize a cancer patient's suffering and to understand the relationship between life satisfaction, depression, and the meaning of suffering in cancer patients. The sample was composed of 160 cancer patients who were inpatients or outpatients of three general hospitals in Seoul. Data collections were carried out from February 25th to April 20th of 2000. The data was analyzed using a SAS program for descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlations, ANOVA, and Duncan tests. The results were as follows: 1. The scores on the depression scale ranged from 20 to 65 with a mean of 40.76 (SD 9.6) The mean score on the suffering scale was 97.72 (SD 12.7), and the score of the life satisfaction ranged from 15 to 37 with a mean of 25.51 (SD 5.2). 2. There were significant correlations between the amount of life satisfaction and depression (r=-.61, P=.00), the life satisfaction and the meaning of suffering (r=.30, p=.00), and the depression and the meaning of suffering (r=-.24, p=.00). 3. The factors influencing the depression in patients with cancer are age (F=2.52, p=.04) and education level (F=3.98, p=.00). The level of the meaning of suffering in cancer patients differed by education level (F=4.13, p=.00). Also, the level of the life satisfaction in cancer patients differed by education level (F=2.72, p=.04). In conclusion, the correlation between the depression, the meaning of suffering, and life satisfaction can be used as a concrete and practical datum for the development of nursing intervention. This may assist patients with cancer, overcome their suffering and lead to a hopeful life by understanding the meaning of suffering.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 박테리오신을 생성하는 P. acidilactici를 적용한 기능성 요거트를 제조하여 항균활성과 프로바이오틱스로서의 품질을 평가하였다. Yogurt starter로는 시판되는 요거트에서 분리한 혼합 균주 3종(S. thermophilus, Lb. bulgaricus, Lb. rhamnosus GG)을 사용하였으며, 혼합 균주와 P. acidilactici HW01, P. acidilactici JM01, P. acidilactici K10을 각각 혼합 접종하여 각각의 요거트를 제조한 다음 유산균의 생균수, pH, brix를 측정한 결과, 유산균의 생균수는 모두 8.0 Log CFU/mL 이상의 생균수가 검출되어 유산균 발효유로서 기준에 적합하였다. 또한 pH와 brix를 측정한 결과, 발효 후 시간이 지남에 따라 모두 감소하였다. 우유나 유제품의 오염에 있어서 유의해야 할 병원성 균인 L. monocytogenes를 통해 병원성 저해능을 측정하였으며 L. monocytogenes가 발효 후 3일째부터 모두 저해되는 것이 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 박테리오신 생성 균주인 P. acidilactici HW01, P. acidilactici JM01, P. acidilactici K10이 발효유제품 제조에 있어서 요거트 제품의 변화 없이 프로바이오틱 효과를 지닌 균주로 기대되며, 식품안정성 및 새로운 프로바이오틱스 유제품 개발에 도움을 줄 것이라 예상된다. 그리고 L. monocytogenes 외의 다른 병원성 균의 저해효과에 대한 연구 및 요거트의 저장온도에 따른 병원성 저해효과 차이에 대한 연구도 기대된다. 따라서 박테리오신 생성 균주를 활용한 기능성 식품을 실제 식품산업에 적용한다면 안전성 및 신제품 개발에 대한 연구가 더 이루어져야 될 것으로 보인다.

• 분석과학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2014

세계적으로 석면분석방법에 관한 다양한 연구사례가 발표되고 있는 가운데, 분석방법의 차이에 따른 석면함유물질(ACM, Asbestos Containing Material) 결과에 대한 관심이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 균질성이 확보된 ACM 시료를 시야평가법(visual estimation method)과 포인트계수법(point counting method)의 분석결과에 대한 비교 평가를 통하여 분석기관 및 분석자의 신뢰성 향상과 더불어 편광현미경 분석의 기초자료를 확보고자 하였다. 석면분석은 정성분석과 정량분석으로 구분하였으며, 석면정량을 위한 방법은 EPA 600-R-93-116의 시야평가법과 포인트계수법으로 총 400지점을 계수하는 방법으로 실시하였다. 먼저 준비된 시료의 균질성을 분산분석을 이용하여 확인한 결과 이상이 없음을 확인하였다. 정성분석의 결과는 백석면과 갈석면으로 확인되었고 정량분석결과는 포인트계수법이 시야평가법과 비교하여 전체적인 석면함유량이 저평가되는 경향과 함께 포인트계수법은 분석과정이 조금 복잡하고 분석시간이 많이 소요되었다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 2010

This study was carried out using personal measurement for female college students who have a great interest in fashion at 20-24 age, and examined somatotype character. As a means of a character type test, the grades were laid by using MBTI which proved to be objective, and relativity between character types was laid by conducting correlation analysis. The conclusions which can be drawn from this study are as followed. 1. In 4 preference index, which was classified by MBTI, Sensing(S) type was the highest of 17.27% at the average and 68.5% at the distribution rate each. The average of Extraversion(E) type was 14.56% and it's distribution rate was 64.5%. Index of types were : Intuition(N) 12.49%, Introversion(I) 11.75%, Perceiving(P) 12.50%. Average distribution rate of each types were : N 31.5%, I 35.5%, P 40.3%. And average of Sensing(S) type was the lowest, 11.09%. Like American Students, the subjects of this study showed higher in the E type than in the I type. The distribution rate of 16 character types of MBTI were : ESTJ 18.5%, ESFP 13.7%, ISTJ and ESFJ 9.7%. But INTP and INFP were low, 2.4% and 0.8%. 2. Average sizes of subjects for this study were : height 160.49cm, weight 51.83kg, bust 83.22cm, waist 65.49cm, hips 90.70cm. As compared with measurement of women at 20-24 age of Size Korea(2004), the subjects of this study showed less, about 0.2-5cm in height, 0.2-2cm in circumference except in waist, and 0.5-3.6cm in length. 3. After examining the relativity between personal measurement categories of the subjects and character type through the MBTI, Extraversion(E) type showed inverse correlation in stature, height, biacromial breadth, and subcutaneous fat thickness of posterior iliospinale. Contrary to the E type, the Introversion(I) type showed positive correlation. Sensing(S) type showed inverse correlation only in biacromial breadth, Intuition(N) type showed positive correlation in most categories including height, width and the subcutaneous fat thickness. Thinking(T) type showed positive correlation in bust point-bust point, chest depth and hip width. Feeling(F) type, on the other hand, showed inverse correlation. The Judging(J) type showed inverse correlation in stature, height, length and the parts of chest. In contrast, Perceiving(P) type showed positive correlation in other categories including biacromial breadth, same as the J type.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1998

To examine the association of hypertension with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose and dyslipidemia in Korean urban population, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 3027 men and 2127 women age 20-85 years who visited a prevention center between May 1991 and June 1995 for a multiphasic health check at St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul. By the self-administered questionnaire, the informations of educational attainments, monthly income, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical excercise level were obtained. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyme method. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated by 'total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - triglyceride/5'. For testing the differences of cardiovascular risk factors between hypertension and normotension group, 1-test and $\chi^2$-test were performed. For the age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension in persons with obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia compared with normal, logistic regression was performed by using SAS pakageprograme. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Age, weight, body mass index(BMI), blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride of hypertension group in men and women were significantly higher than normotension group, but height and HDL cholesterol of hypertension group only in women significantly lower than normotension group. The frequency of obesity $(BMI\geq25kg/m^2)$, abnormal glucose $(\geq\;120mg/dl)$, hypercholesterolemia $(\geq\;240mg/dl)$, lower HDL cholesterol (<45 mg/dl in women only), higher LDL cholesterol $(\geq\;160mg/dl)$, and hyper hypertriglyceridemia $(\geq\;250mg/dl)$ in hypertension group of men and women were significantly higher than normotension group. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with hight, but positively with age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in men and women. BMI was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride but negatively with HDL cholesterol. 3. The age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension were as follows in men and women : among persons who were obese compared with those nonobese, 2.53 (95% Confidence Intervals [C.I.] 2.08-3.07) and 2.22 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.87): among persons who were abnormal glucose compared with those normoglycemic, 1.43 (95%C.I 1.13-1.82) and 2.01 (95%C.I 1.36-2.94): and among persons who were dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or lower HDL cholesterol or higher LDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridemia) compared with those normal lipid, 1.59 (95%C.I 1.30-1.95) and 1.51 (95%C.I 1.16-1.96). After combined more than one risk factor, the odds ratios were increased. Among persons with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia, the odds ratio of hypertension was 2.25 (95%C.I 1.47-3.37) in men and 3.02 (95%C.I 1.71-5.30) in women. In conclusion, it was suggested that hypertension was associated with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, dyslipidemia in this Korean urban population.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the carbon (C) contents in different mixed stands of P. dens if/ora and deciduous oak species in Gwangneung, central Korea. Five mixed stands with different ratios of P. densiflora and deciduous oak species were chosen based on the basal area of all trees ${\geq}\;5cm$ DBH: pure P. densiflora (P100D0), 70% P. densiflora + 30% deciduous oak species (P70D30), 44% P. densiflora + 56% deciduous oak species (P50D50), 37% P. densiflora + 63% deciduous oak species (P40D60), and 10% P. densiflora + 90% deciduous oak species (P10D90). Total C contents in the overstory (aboveground and belowground) vegetation were higher in the mixed stands (P70D30, P50D50, P40D60) than in the pure stands (P100D0, P10D90). Moreover, except for P40D60, C contents of forest floor (litter and coarse woody debris) were larger in the mixed stands (P70D30, P50D50) than in the pure stands. However, total soil C contents up to 30cm depth were highest in the pure deciduous oak stand than in the pure P. densiflora stand and mixed stands. Total ecosystem C contents (Mg/ha) were 163.3 for P100D0, 152.3 for P70D30, 188.8 for P50D50, 160.2 for P40D60, and 150.4 for P10D90, respectively. These differences in total ecosystem C contents among the different mixed stands for P. densiflora and deciduous oak species within the study stands were attributed by the differences in vegetation development and forest management practices. Among the five study stands, the total ecosystem C contents were maximized in the 1:1 mixed ratio of P. densiflora and deciduous oak species (P50D50).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.990-995
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• 2016

본 연구는 채소류 22종을 대상으로 데치기 후의 베타카로틴 함량의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한, 조리 중 발생하는 시료의 중량 변화와 베타카로틴 함량 변화를 고려하여 영양소 보존율(true retention, TR)을 나타내었다. 실험대상 채소류 중에서 시금치를 예로 들면, 데친 후 품종이나 재배방식에 따라 베타카로틴 함량이 8.78에서 24.65%까지 증가하였다. 따라서 데친 후 베타카로틴 함량의 증가 때문에 데치기 전보다 높은 인체 이용률을 기대할 수 있다. 이를 데치기 과정 중 변화된 시금치 중량을 함께 고려하여 영양소 보존율로 나타내었을 때 시설 재배된 일반 품종의 시금치는 100.52%를 나타냈지만 다른 시금치(포항초, 섬초, 노지 재배된 일반 품종)는 80.13~86.69%를 나타내었다. 다른 채소들의 경우 %TR이 100% 이상인 경우는 아욱(109.24%), 고사리(160.59%), 양배추(164.46%), 냉이(153.80%), 미나리(100.02%) 그리고 도라지(123.02%)에서 나타났는데 이는 데치기 후에 베타카로틴 함량이 증가하였거나 중량이 상대적으로 크게 감소하였기 때문이다. 이들 중 고사리와 양배추의 경우 중량의 감소보다는 베타카로틴 함량의 증가가 주된 요인이었고, 냉이의 경우 중량이 상대적으로 크게 감소하였지만 베타카로틴의 함량이 크게 증가하였기 때문이었다. 나머지 다른 시료들의 TR은 59.35%(곰취)에서 96.42%(유채 어린 잎)의 범위로 나타났다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2011

Hypertension is the major factor of most death and high blood pressure (BP) can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiac failure. Moreover, hypertension is strongly correlated with body mass index (BMI). Although the exact causes of hypertension are still unclear, some of genetic loci were discovered from genome-wide association study (GWAS). Therefore, it is essential to study genetic variation for finding more genetic factor affecting hypertension. The purpose of our study is to conduct a CNV association study for hypertension-related traits, BP and BMI, in Korean individuals. We identified 2,206 CNV regions from 3,274 community-based Korean participants using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 platform and performed a logistic regression analysis of CNVs with two hypertension-related traits, BP and BMI. Moreover, the 4,692 participants in an independent cohort were selected for respective replication analyses. GWAS of CNV identified two loci encompassing previously known hypertension-related genes: LPA (lipoprotein) on 6q26, and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) on 9p24, with suggestive p-values (0.0334 for LPA and 0.0305 for JAK2 ). These two positive findings, however, were not evaluated in the replication stage. Our result confirmed the conclusion of CNV study from the WTCCC suggesting weak association with common diseases. This is the first study of CNV association study with BP and BMI in Korean population and it provides a state of CNV association study with common human diseases using SNP array.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2001

Objects: The purpose of this case-control study was done to examine the relationship between stroke prevalence and the anthropometric indices(body mass index(BMI), modified Broca's method(Broca's index), waist circumference(WC), waist-hip ratio(WHR)), dyslipidemia, past medical history(heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus(DM)), life-style factors(smoking, drinking) in Korean adults. Methods : The study group consisted of neurologically confirmed 116 stroke patients as the case group and 116 non-stroke patients as control group. Obesity were defined as $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2,\;Broca's\;index{\geq}30%$, WC >94cm in male and WC >80cm in female, $WHR{\geq}0.9$ in male and $WHR{\geq}0.8$ in female. Oyslipidemia were defined as total $cholesterol{\geq}200mg/dl,\;triglyceride{\geq}200mg/dl,\;HDL-cholesterol {\leq}35mg/dl,\;LDL-cholesterol{\geq}160mg/dl$. Information on life-style factors and past medical history was obtained from personal interview. The analysis of the data was done by means of chi-square test(Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test) and student t-test. Results: The results were as follow. In the study group: Hypertension had a 4:05 odds ratio, Broca's $index{\geq}30%$ had a 1.98 odds ratio, WC >94cm in male had a 2.17 odds ratio, WC >80cm in female had a 2.80 odds ratio, $WHR{\geq}0.9$ in male had a 4.66 odds ratio, $WHR{\geq}0.8$ in female had a 5.35 odds ratio, but heart disease, DM, life-style factors, serum lipid and 8MI had no direct relationship with odds ratio(nonsignificant). By student t-test, risk factors for stroke were found to be total cholesterol(p=0,025), LDL-cholesterol(p=0.013), WC(p=0.000) and WHR(p=0.000). Conclusions: This study suggests that people should be advised to control hyperlitension, hyperlipidemia and obesity since these carry a risk of stroke.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1), which is located on chromosome 1q23, was recently reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PBX1 gene are associated with overweight/obesity in a Korean population. We genotyped 66 SNPs in the PBX1 gene and investigated their association with clinical phenotypes found in 214 overweight/obese subjects and 160 control subjects using the Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping chip array. Seven SNPs (g.+75l86C>T, g.+78350C>A, g.+80646C>T, g.+138004C>T, g.+185219G>A, g.+191272A>C, and g.+265317T>A) were associated with the risk of obesity in three models (codominant, dominant, and recessive) (P=0.007-0.05). Haplotype 1 (CAC) and 3 (TAC) of block 3 and haplotype 2 (GGAAT) of block 10 were also strongly associated with the risk of obesity. In the control group, subjects that had homozygote for the major allele for both g.+185219G>A and g.+191272A>C showed lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level compared to those possessing the minor allele, suggesting that the association between the homozygote for the major allele for both g.+185219G>A and g.+191272A>C and HDL-C is attributable to the increased risk of obesity. This study suggests that the PBX1 gene is a possible risk factor in overweight/obese patients.