• The monthly packaging world
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• s.351
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• pp.98-111
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• 2022

산업통상자원부가 주최하고 한국생산기술연구원 패키징기술센터가 주관하는 '제16회 대한민국 패키징 대전' 수여식이 6월 14일 경기도 킨텍스 전시장에서 개최되었다. 국내 최고 권위의 패키징 종합 행사인 '제16회 대한민국 패키징 대전'은 관련 산업 종사자의 긍지를 높이고 기술혁신 분위기를 확산하기 위해 2007년부터 한국생산기술연구원이 매년 개최하고 있는 행사로, 올해에는 제주특별자치도개발공사의 '제주삼다수 Re:born(Cr-PET)'가 대상인 국무총리상을 수상했다. 또한 공로부문에서는 오선진 (사)한국포장협회 전무이사가 산업통상자원부장관 표창을 수여받았다. 다음에 '제16회 대한민국 패키징 대전' 기업부문 수상작을 통해 최신 국내 패키징 경향에 대해 알아보도록 한다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 1999

Purpose : The protective effects of dietary protein on the progression of renal failure were studied in subtotally nephrectomized rats. Methods : Treatment groups were as follows; 5/6 nephrectomy and a normal protein ($18.5\%$) diet (NP); 5/6 nephrectomy and a low protein ($6\%$) diet (LP): 5/6 nephrectomy, a normal protein diet and converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril (NPE): 5/6 nephrectomy, a low protein diet and enalapril (LPE). Both diets were isocaloric and had the same phosphorus content. Proteinuria, remnant kidney weight, mesangial matrix expansion score and glomerular volume were assessed at 4, 12 and 16 weeks after renal ablation. Results : LP and NP developed progressive hypertension. Eight weeks after surgery, LPE and NPE controlled hypertension. LP, LPE, and NPE had significantly less proteinuria than NP at 16 weeks (P<0.05). Kidney weight in LP were markedly less enlarged than NP (P<0.05). There was no difference in kidney weight between LPE and NPE. At 12 and 16 weeks the mesangial matrix expansion score was significantly less in LP, LPE, and NPE compared to NP (P<0.05). At 12 and 16 weeks mean glomerular volume was significantly less in LP compared to NP (P<0.05). At 12 and 16 weeks mean glomerular volume in LPE was significantly less compared to NPE. Conclusion : Dietary protein restriction afforded considerable protection from renal injury in the rat remnant kidney model. During the enalapril treatment, there was no additional protective effect of dietary protein restriction against the development of renal lesions.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 1997

The seasonal variation in lipids, and fatty acid composition of neutral lipid(NL) and phospholipid(PL) contained in the muscles of hibernant fish(loach) were investigated. In the investigation, four groups of wild loaches ere used, those caught May, 1993(before spawning period), August, 1993(after spawning period), November, 1993(just before hibernation) and March, 1994(just after hibernation). The NL was the most abundant in muscle lipid, followed by PL and glycolipid(GL), and also the composition and variation patterns were almost similar between female and male throughout all the periods. NL content began to increase gradually after March and came to the maximum in August(under 90%) ; hereafter got to decrease gradually again and came to the minimum in March of the next year(under 60%). While the variation-pattern of GL and PL was in inverse proportion with that of NL and their content came to the maximum in March of the next year. The NL and PL fractions were mainly consisted of triglyceride and phosphatidyl choline respectively, and both of the contents showed the highest value in August, the lowest in March of the next year. The major fatty acids in NL fraction were 16:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3($\omega$3). In particular, the ratio of 16:1 was much higher than that in PL, while those of highly unsaturated fatty acids(HUFAs) such as 20:4($\omega$6), 20:5($\omega$3) and 22:6($\omega$3) were much lower. The ratio of 16:0 in NL was almost constant through the year, however those of 16:1, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3($\omega$3) showed a tendency to increase after March and were about 2~4% higher in May, compared with that in March, while those of HUFAs were about 2~4% lower. In particular, the ratio of 16:1 in NL continuously decreased after May and markedly decreased in March of the next year, but those of 18:1, 18:2 were almost constant until November. In August, saturates and monoenes were higher levels due to the slight increase of 18:0, 14:1 and 17:1 than in the other periods, while those of HUFAs decreased and the unsaturation(TUFA/TSFA) of NL showed the lowest value in August. On the contrary, saturates and monoenes gradually decreased after November and the most of them including 18:0, 16:1, 18:1 and 18:2 rapidly decreased in March of the next year, while 20:1, 20:4(~6), and 20:5(~3), and 22:6(~3) were in inverse proportion. PL consisted mainly of 16:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2, 20:4(~6), and 20:5(~3). Saturates and monoenes-composition showed almost no difference in March and May, while polyene acids ratio showed similar changes with that of NL. In August, the ratio of saturates(16:0, 18:0) were high but that of HUFAs were low, and after November 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3($\omega$3) began to decrease, while most of HUFAs increased in their composition-ratio until the marking increase of their unsaturation and the big changes of 18:2, 18:3($\omega$3), 20:4($\omega$6), 22:6($\omega$3) in March of the next year.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.391-398
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine the polymorphism of transferrin exons 13, 15 and 16 by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism(SSCP) analysis and to compare their genotypes of Cheju horse Group I (Cheju Institute), Cheju horse Group II (farms), and Thoroughbred (KRA). SSCP of transferrin exon 13, 15, and 16 showed two (A, B), three (A, B, C) and three (A, B, C) codominant alleles, respectively. The Group I and Thoroughbred showed the similar frequencies of allele A and B in transferrin exon 13, but only allele A was observed in Group Ⅱ. In transferrin exons 15 and 16, the frequencies of each allele were different in each Groups. The multiple allele frequencies in exons 15 and 16 suggested that the genotyping of this locus could be used to identify an individual and to test the parentage of offspring. The probability for parentage exclusion were 0.46 and 0.374 for exons 15 and 16 for Cheju horse Group I. Among the 13 combined genotypes of exons 13, 15 and 16, the genotype AA-AB-AB (0.372) is the most common in Cheju horse Group I, but genotype AA-AA-AA is common in the Cheju horse Group II (0.366) and Thoroughbred (0.767). The present study showed two new SNP, which was at the cDNA position 1626 (A/G) in B allele of the exon 13 and 2075 (C/T) in C allele of the exon 16 resulting in amino acid change (Threonine $\longrightarrow$ Methionine). Result showed that polymorphism of exons 13, 15 and 16 in Cheju horses was as high as in Thoroughbred and there was a differences of transferrin allele frequencies in Cheju horses.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.783-788
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the optimal CP level in growing goat kids. Forty male goats were divided into four treatment groups fed diets containing CP 12, 14, 16, and 18% of concentrate feed, and rice straw, respectively. Results are summarized as follows. Average daily gain’s(ADG) of groups fed diets with CP 14% and CP 18% were 84.0 and 83.0g/d each, which were higher than group fed diets with CP 12% grown at 69.2g of ADG(P<0.05). Daily feed intakes of concentrate and rice straw were 590g and 45g each and there was no difference found between treatments. The amounts of feed required for body weight gain(g) were similar in the range of 7.0-7.3 for groups fed diets with CP 14%, 16% or 18%. But the group fed diets with CP 12% required somewhat more feed for gain at 8.8g. Dressing percentage of groups fed diet with CP 12% was 61.7%, which was higher than groups fed diets with CP 14% or CP 18%(P<0.05) but similar to that fed diet with CP 16%. Meat percentage from goats fed diet with CP 16% was 51.7%, which were higher than goats fed diets with CP 12% or CP 14%(P<0.05). Fat deposition of CP 12% group was higher than the other groups(P<0.05). Percentage of bone weight averaged 17.0% without any difference among treatment groups. Shear force and cooking loss, which are physical properties of goat meats, were lower in CP 16% and CP 14% groups than the other two groups. Water holding capacity of goats meats from CP 16% was higher than those from CP 18% group(P<0.05). Results from panel test showed that juiciness of meats from CP 16% group was higher than those from CP 12% group(P<0.05). Meats from CP 16% also was tested to be more tender than meats from the other groups. Results from this work suggest that the optimum crude protein level in growing goat's concentrate is 14-16% and that increase above this level seems not to improve meat production.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1986

The fatty acid composition of lipids extracted from 18 kinds of salted and fermented sea foods which have been consumed in Korea were examined. The lipid contents of salted and fermented sea foods showed wide difference (0.8-11.9%) depending on species and portions of raw materials. In fatty acid composition of salted and fermented sea foods prepared with whole fishes, the saturated fatty acid was the most predominant component, and the major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1, 22:6, 16:1 and 20:5. In case of salted and fermented products prepared with gills, roe or intestines, the polyenoic fatty acid was the main component, the major fatty acids were 18:1, 16:0, 22:6, 20:5, 16:1 and 18:3. In these products the composition ratios of 20:5 and 18:3 were higher, and that of 16:0 and 16:1 were slightly lower as compared with salted and fermented whole fish products. And in case of salted and fermented crustacea and mollusk, the polyenoic fatty acids such a 22:6 and 20:5 were the most predominant component, the abundant fatty acids were 22:6, 16:0, 20:5, 18:1 and 16:1. Judging from results, salted and fermented sea foods were abundant of the highly unsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5, 22:6 inspite of the long fermentation periods.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.533-538
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• 1998

In order to gain fundamental information on the utilization of lipids as energy source in mud-skipper, muscle lipids and their fatty acid composition were investigated with respect to life cycle-maturation (Aug), before-hibernation (Nov), and after-hibernation (Apr). Crude and neutral lipid were found to decrease from 1.2, 68.3% (Aug) via 0.7, 53.8% (Nov) to 0.4, 42.6% (Apr), respectively, whilst phospholipids and glycolipids increased from 29.5 and 2.2% (Aug) to 52.1 and 5.3% (Apr), respectively. In neutral lipids, TG contents gradually decreased from 53.8% (Aug) via 33.6% (Nov) to 23.1% (Apr), while FFA and sterol contents increased from 13.5 and 14.2% (Aug) to 22.3 and 24.5% (Apr), respectively. In phospholipids, PC content decreased from 61.2% (Aug) to 50.6% (Apr), while changes in PS and PE contents, as a whole, showed the opposite trends. In neutral lipids, the levels of some fatty acids such as 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1 and 20:5 $({\omega}3)$ were analyzed to be high, with the 20 : 5 being predominant, and the levels of saturated and monoene-acids gradually decreased, while polyene-acids increased in before and after hibernation. In before hibernation, 16:0, 16:1, 18:1 mainly decreased but 18:2, 18:3 $({\omega}3)$ and most of saturated and monoene acids such as 14:0, 14:1, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1 slightly decreased in after hibernation. From these findings, it was suggested that those fatty acids decreased during hibernation were used as a energy source, particularly 16:1 and 18:1 being most preferentially used. In phospholipids, the levels of 16:0, 18:0, 20:5 $({\omega}3)$, 22:5 $({\omega}3)$ and 22:6 $({\omega}3)$ were found to be high. Throughout the life cycle, the levels of monoene-acids in phospholipids stayed constant, whilst those of 18:2, 18:3 $({\omega}3)$ and saturated acids such as 16:0, 18:0 were found to be decreased gradually in before and after hibernation, whereas those for the high degree of polyene-acids such as 20:4 $({\omega}6)$, 20:5 $({\omega}3)$, 22:5 $({\omega}3)$, 22:6 $({\omega}3)$ increased, particularly 20:4 $({\omega}6)$, 20:5 $({\omega}3)$ being most increased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2012

Three protease-producing halophilic bacteria were isolated from fermenting anchovy. Isolated FAM 10, FAM 114, and FAM 115 were found to grow optimally at salt concentrations of 2-4%, 10%, and 6%, respectively, and could grow in salinity of up to 18-22%. The salinity conditions for optimum protease production were 6% in FAM 10 and 10% in FAM 114 and FAM 115. The protease activity of FAM 10 was gradually inhibited by the addition of NaCl up to 10%, and was not evident at 14%, whereas FAM 114 and FAM 115 displayed protease activity at 14% NaCl and could not be measured at 18%. These results demonstrated that the three isolated strains belong to protease-producing, moderately halophilic bacteria. Strain FAM 10, FAM 114, and FAM 115 were identified as Salinivibrio sp., Halobacillus sp., and Halobacillus sp. respectively, based on comparative analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S intergenic space sequence (IGS), biochemical testing, and Gram staining. Salinivibrio sp. FAM 10 had two 16S rDNAs containing different sequences at position 191 and four IGSs that harbored no tRNA gene and tRNA genes for isoleucine, alanine, glutamate, lysine, and/or valine. Halobacillus sp. FAM 114 and FAM 115 had completely identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and showed 99% identity to the sequences of various Halobacillus strains. The three IGSs found in the genome of both strains displayed 99% sequence identity with Halobacillus aidingensis and Halobacillus sp. JM-Hb, and had $IGS^0$ with no tRNA gene and $IGS^{IA}$ with tRNA genes for isoleucine and alanine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7039-7044
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• 2015

Background: Many functional molecules controlling diverse cellular function are included in low-molecular weight proteins and peptides. Materials and Methods: To identify proteins controlling function in lung adenocarcinomas (AC), we performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis employing tricine-SDS polyacrylamide in the second dimension (tricine 2-DE). This system was able to detect proteins under 1 kDa even with post-translational modifications. To confirm the utility of detected proteins as novel tumor markers for AC, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using 170 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung AC tissues. Results: Tricine 2-DE revealed that five proteins including S100A16 were overexpressed in lung AC-derived cells compared with lung squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma-derived cells. Immunohistochemically, S100A16 showed various subcellular localization in lung cancer tissues and a membranous staining status was correlated with the T-factor (P=0.0008), pathological stage (P=0.0015), differentiation extent (P=0.0001), lymphatic invasion (P=0.0007), vascular invasion (P=0.0001), pleural invasion (P=0.0087), and gender (P=0.039), but not with the age or smoking history. More importantly, membranous staining of S100A16 was significantly correlated with a poorer overall survival of either stage I (P=0.0088) or stage II / III (P=0.0003) lung AC patients, and multivariate analysis confirmed that membranous expression of S100A16 was an independent adverse prognostic indicator (P=0.0001). Conclusions: The present results suggest that S100A16 protein is a novel prognostic marker for lung AC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7077-7084
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• 2015

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy among males in India. While tobacco and alcohol are main aetiological factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) presence has surprisingly increased in head and neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in the past two decade but its frequency in OSCCS is still uncertain. We aim to explore the frequency of HPV and its major genotypes in North Indian patients and their association with clinicopathological and histopathological features and p16 expression pattern. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 250 histologically proven cases of OSCC. HPV was detected by real time PCR in tumor biopsy specimens and confirmed by conventional PCR with PGMY09/PGMY11 primers. Genotyping for high-risk types 16/18 was conducted by type specific PCR. p16 expression was assessed by immunohistochemsitry. Results: HPV presence was confirmed in 23/250 (9.2%) OSCC cases, of which 30.4% had HPV 16 infection, 17.4%were positive for HPV 18 and 26.1% had co-infections. HPV presence was significantly associated with male gender (p=0.02) and habit of pan masala chewing (p=0.01). HPV positive cases also had a history of tobacco consumption in 91.3% cases. p16 over expression was observed in 39.1% of HPV positive cases but this was not significantly different from negative cases (p=0.54). Conclusions: The frequency of HPV in OSCC is low in North-India and majority of cases are associated with a tobacco habit. It appears that tobacco shows a confounding effect in HPV positive cases and use of p16 protein as a reliable marker to assess the potential etiological role of HPV in OSCC in our population is not suggested.