• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.137-157
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to help classifying Sasang Constitution through correlation with sound characteristic. This study was done it under the suppose that Sasang Constitution has correlation with sound spectrogram. The following result were obtained about correlation between sound spectrogram and Sasang Constitution by comparison and analysis 1. Soeumin answered his voice low tone, smooth and quiet in the survey. Soyangin answered his voice high, clear, fast and speaking random. Taeumin answered his voice low, thick and muddy. 2. Taeyangin was significantly slow compared with the others in the time of reading composition. Taeyangin was significantly slow compared with the others in Formant frequency 1. Taeyangin was significantly discriminated from Soeumin in Formant frequency 5. Taeyangin was significantly low compared with the others in Bandwidth 2. Soeumln was significantly low compared with Taeyangin in Pitch Maximum and Pitch Maximum-Pitch Minimum. Taeyangin was significantly high compared with the others in Energy mean. 3. In list of specification, the discrimination rate was higher than that by lists of 13 in the results of Multi-dimensional 4-class minimum-distance. The discrimination rate of three disposition except Soyangin was higher than that of four disposition in the results of One way ANOVA and Analysis of dis crimination in SPSS/PC+. In CART, the estimate rate of Sasang Constitution discrimination was higher than any other method. It is considered that there is a correlation between sound spectrogram and Sasang constitution according to the results. And method of Sasang constitution classification through sound spectrogram analysis can be one method as assistant for the objectification of Sasang constitution classification.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 1999

This research was intended to make the writer and the written times of "Dongyi Suse Bowon Sasang ChobonGuen" clear. Considering the contents of "Dongyi Suse Bowon Sasang ChobonGuen", it was the manuscripts of "Dongyi Suse Bowon". So it was written by Lee Je-ma and it was written when he was in the late of 40s and the beginning of the 50s. The chapter of "The origin of human being" was the manuscript of the "Dongyi Suse Bowon" and it had many clues to understand the view points to recoginze the human being, and the chapter of "The herbology and The prescription" had many drafts of original prescription of the "Dongyi Suse Bowon". 'Bangang-tang' is the original prescription of 'GyejiBanhaSnggang-tang' of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" and 'GumiChyunMunDong-tang' is the original prescription of 'CheongsimYeonja-tang' of "Dongyi Suse Bowon". Compared with the 'The pharmacology' of "Dongyi Suse Bowon", it showed the order when the pharmacology of each constitution was completed. The pharmacology of Soyangin was completed the early ears of his c1inical experience, and secondly that of Taeumin was completed, and that of Soeumin was completed in the end.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 1999

View of Lee Je-ma's "Hyung Sang" is one of the methods of classification of Constitution. In this study, I studied the "Hyung Sang" as medical histologically, and get the results as follow; 1. "The book of changes" is classified to the sciences of divination of "Sang-Soo", which is consisted with "Sang (image)" and "Soo (number)", and "Wae-Ri", which explained the meaning of a divination sign as "nature" or virtue of divination sign. 2. Lee Je-ma is accepted the concepts of science of divination of "Wae-Ri" based on Confucianism in the discription of "The book of changes". And also he established the new "Sasang Constitutional Medicine" theory based on the "Joung-Young". 3. "The book of changes" is discribed phenomena as "Sang" and "Soo" involving "Three elements", which are heaven, earth, and individual, and "Yin-Yang". Lee Je-ma accepted the concept of "Sang" in science of divination of "Sang-Soo" and established the "Four elements", which are affairs, mind, body, and objects, constituting "Three elements". 4. In the method of "Sasang" type classifying, Lee Je-ma used "Four elements", which attach importance to structure and function of human body rather than "Yin-Yang", which explain relatively.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.201-220
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• 1999

We got these results after studying about modification of Gejitang(桂枝湯) that showed on sympton and prescription about Soumin(少陰人). 1. There are totally eleven prescriptions related to Gejitang appeared on Dongyi-Soose-Bowon(東醫壽世保元). Among them, one is prescription of Danguisayoktang(當歸四逆湯) in prescription of Discussion of Cold Induced Disorder(傷寒論) and another is Gejibujatang(桂枝附子湯) in Won-Myung dynasty period(元明時代). There are nine prescriptions in LeeJae-Ma(李濟馬)'s pre-scription and we can see there are many prescriptions used prescriptions related to Gejitang for Mang Yang(亡陽). 2. Pre-scriptions related to Gejitang has seven prescriptions in Extra-disease(表病證), and two prescriptions in Intra-disease(裏病證) which are analyzed as modified prescription from Gejitang. 3. Although 藿香正氣散, 香蘇散, 芎歸香蘇散, 八物君子湯 etc. are not modified prescriptions of Gejitang, We can see that its are brought up to be on the same with alternative remedy of Gejitang in each step of symptoms. 4. Symptoms are exactly classified in Soumin, the prescription which is used in different symptoms of diseases is similar in raw materials. It's because the remedy of Acending and Descending(升降) is used under the same purpose that maintain Yangnan Qi(陽暖之氣). 5. We could realize that Panax gienseng(人蔘), Cinnamomum Cassia(肉桂) and Aconitum Carrnichali(附子) are commonly important to reinforce Yangnan Qi because the more disease got worse, the more patient lost Yangnan Qi on both Extra-disease and Intra-disease in the Soumin's disease.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.84-100
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• 2000

Are the body and th spirit to different things? How individual ability and feeling displays in a human being and what correation between the two lise physiologically? Namely, what determines the external and the internal world? By what physiological functions and circulations, it makes possible to indciate individual's characteristic? These kinds of questions in constitutional medicine is able us lead to the following approach.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.347-364
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• 2006

This study is concerned with assessment of diethylnitrosamine (DEN 0.01 %) induced liver cell carcinogenesis by measurement of changes preceding the development of neoplasms. Therefore, it was undertaken to investigate changes of liver-specific enzyme activities in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by ad libitum feeding of DEN. And also. the changes of hepatic morphology in SD rats were detected by haematoxylineosin stain and immunohistochemistry (PCNA). 5- Fluorouracil (5- FU) is one of the most widely used anticancer agents for digestive cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, and is known to affect the cell cycle and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. In the present study, SD rats were given drinking water containing 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DEN) for 8 weeks. Minor behavioral change, brittleness of hair and decreased amount of water and diet intake were observed in rats 4 weeks after DEN administration. The body and liver weights were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in rats 11 weeks after DEN administration. The liver weight ratio to body weight was rather stable and not significantly decreased in the all treatment groups. The liver specific enzyme activities (AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GTP) were significantly increased in all treatment groups compared to control group (p < 0.05). Variable size of liver tumor and hepatomegaly were observed in rats treated with DEN after 10 weeks. Numerous vacuoles were seen on the midzonal and or peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. The large and polymorphological hepatocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm or densely basophilic mitotic nucleoli were seen. Several proliferative small round cells were seen on vacuolated and necrotic areas in peripheral hepatic lobules or portal areas. PCNA-positive cells were seen on the vacuolated portal areas and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules in the areas of small round cells. We examined functional and morphological changes of livers by 5 - FU treatments on DEN -treated rat. The DEN -treated rats compared to 5 - FU -treated rats after DEN treatment for 8 weeks. The serum total protein and triglyceride were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, and the liver enzyme activities of AST and ALT were significantly(p < 0.05) increased. After 8 weeks, in the non-5-FU -treated group, the size of liver tumor were varied and hepatomegaly were observed, hepatocellular vacuolization, necrosis and steatosis were observed on the midzonal and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. The large and polymorphological hepatocytes were seen, the interlobular connective tissues were proliferated. PCNA positive cells were seen in the portal areas and peripheral areas of hepatic lobules in the non-5-FU-treated group. In hepatocytes, condensation of nuclear chromatin and vacuolization were observed, shape of the nuclei were irregular, the degraded nuclei and organelles were observed. The livers of rats in the 5 - FU treatment group were seen grossly brilliant, red-brown color, and the vacuolated and degenerated regions, hyperplastic nodules were not nearly observed. In the electron microscope, the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes contained a large number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, developed organelles surrounding nuclei. The above findings suggest that 5 - FU will be effective as anti -liver tumor drug.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2003

This experimental studies was to investigate the location of PNS and CNS labeled neurons following injection of 2% WGA-HRP and pseudorabies virus (PRY), Bartha strain, into the ductus deferens of rats. After survival times 4-5 days following injection of 2% WGA-HRP and PRV, the rats were perfused, and their brain, spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia and spinal ganglia were frozen sectioned ($30{\mu}m$). These sections were stained by HRP histochemical and PRY inummohistochemical staining methods, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows ; 1. The location of sympathetic ganglia projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in pelvic ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglion and L1-6 lwnbar sympathetic ganglia. 2. The location of spinal ganglia projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in T13-L6 spinal ganglia. 3. The PRY labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in lateral spinal nucleus, lamina I, II and X of cervical segments. In thoracic segments, PRY labeled neurons were observed in dorsomedial part of lamina I, II and III, and dorsolateral part of lamina IV and V. Densely labeled neurons were observed in intermediolateral nucleus. In first lumbar segment, labeled neurons were observed in intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal commisural nucleus. In sixth lumbar segment and sacral segments, dense labeled neurons were observed in sacral parasympathetic nuc., lamina IX and X. 4. In the medulla oblongata, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in the trigeminal spinal nuc., A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nuc., rostroventrolateral reticular nuc., area postrema, nuc. tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus nuc., raphe pallidus nuc., raphe magnus nuc., parapyramidal nuc., lateral reticular nuc., gigantocellular reticular nuc.. 5. In the pons, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were ohserved in parabrachial nuc., Kolliker-Fuse nuc., locus cooruleus, subcooruleus nuc. and AS noradrenalin cells. 6. In midbrain, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in periaqueductal gray substance, substantia nigra and dorsal raphe nuc.. 7. In the diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in paraventricular hypahalamic nuc., lateral hypothalamic nuc., retrochiasmatic nuc. and ventromedial hypothalamic nuc.. 8. In cerebrum, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in area 1 of parietal cortex. These results suggest that WGA-HRP labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the rat ductus deferens might be the first-order neurons related to the viscero-somatic sensory and sympathetic postganglionic neurons, and PRV labeled neurons of the brain and spinal cord may be the second and third-order neurons response to the movement of smooth muscles in ductus deferens. These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory and motor system monitaing the internal environment. These observations provide evidence for previously unknown projections from ductus deferens to spinal cord and brain which may be play an important neuroanatornical basic evidence in the regulation of ductus deferens function.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

To reveal the possibility as a source of functional food and to increase the usability of mulberry fruits, amino acid analysis with mulberry fruits was carried out with L-8800 Amino acid auto analyzer. We analyzed 16 amino acid components including 6 essential amino acids. According to the results, the mean content of total amino acid was 4,640.8 mg/100 g DW. 'Sabangso(II)' showed the highest total amino acid content (6,919.3 mg/100 g DW) among the fifty accessions tested, whereas 'Gukkwang' showed the lowest content (3,389.1 mg/100 g DW). The distribution rate of amino acid components decreased in the order of Glu ($20.1\%$) > Gly ($12.7\%$) > Asp ($12.5\%$) > Thr ($8.2\%$) > Ala ($7.9\%$) > Arg ($7.5\%$) > Pro ($6.1\%$) > Ser ($6.1\%$) > Val ($5.7\%$) > Leu ($5.3\%$) > Ile ($2.7\%$) > His ($2.5\%$) > Met ($0.9\%$) > Tyr ($0.8\%$) > Lys ($0.7\%$) > Cys ($0.3\%$). 'Sabangso(II)' showed the highest content in 11 amino acid components, which were Glu (1,293.2 mg/100 g), Ser (390.2 mg/100 g), Thr (564.4 mg/100 g), His (175.3 mg/100 g), Arg (590.4 mg/100 g), Lys (53.5 mg/100 g), Gly (589.4 mg/100 g), Ala (499.3 mg/100 g), Leu (481.9 mg/100 g), Ile (240.9 mg/100 g), and Val (407.6 mg/100 g). Tyr and Cys were the highest in 'Jangsosang' (70.8 mg/100 g, 19.3 mg/100 g, respectively), and Asp, Pro, and Met were the highest in 'Jasan(I)', 'Hwansipchosaeng' and 'Palcheongsipyung(I)' (1,098.8 mg/100 g, 364.4 mg/100 g, 68.8 mg/100 g, respectively).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 2000

Purpose : We already reported the results that aqueous extract of Korean ginseng roots showed a marked cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether combined ginseng product with X-irradiation increase the cytotoxicity of tumor cells than X-irradiation or not. Materials and Methods : Fifty gram of Korean ginseng powder mixed with 1 L of distilled water was extracted with reflux flask under condition of $100^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs. This aquaous ginseng extract was filtered, centrifuged and then was freezed under condition of $-90^{\circ}C$ for 16-18 hrs. The freezing extract was dried with freeze drier, and then diluted. X-irradiation was given to tumor cells by 6 MeV linear accelerator. The cytotoxicity of ginseng in vitro was evaluated from its ability to reduce the clonogenecity of fibrosarcoma (FSa II) cells. In X-irradiation alone group, each 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy was given to tumor cells. In X-irradiation with ginseng group, 0.2 mg/mL of ginseng extract was exposed to tumor cells for 1 hour before X-irradiation. Results : The yield for 50 g of ginseng extract which was treated with freezing drier was 3.13 g($6.3\%$). Cytotoxicity In vitro was measured as survival fraction which was judged from the curve, at ginseng concentration of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/mL were $0.89\pm0.04$, $0.86\pm0.06$, $0.73\pm0.01$ and $0.09\pm0.02$, respectively. Survival fraction at X-irradiation alone of 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy were $0.81\pm0.07$, $0.42\pm0.08$, $0.15\pm0.02$, $0.03\pm0.01$, respectively. But, suwival fraction in combined group of X-irradiation and ginseng (0.2mg/ml) at each same radiation dose were $0.28\pm0.01$, $0.18\pm0.03$, $0.08\pm0.02$, $0.006\pm0.002$, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion : The yield for ginseng extract which was treated with freezing drier was $6.3\%$. Cytotoxicty of Fsa 11 in combined ginseng with X-irradiation group was increased than that of X-irradition alone group, and its enhancing effect seemed to be added.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

Soybean curd was mixed with onion powder to develop new foods, and changes in quality characteristics were investigated. The moisture content of onion soybean curd rose as the proportion of onion powder increased Whiteness (as measured by the L value) was high in soybean cud admixed with 0.1% (w/v) onion powder, Redness (the a value) was not significantly altered (the readings were 1.03-1.54) on addition of various onion powder concentrations. Yellowness (the b value) was similarly unaffected (readings 13.00-13.93) when various levels of onion powderwere added. Free sugar analysis showed that glucose was high in soybean curd (67.22 g/100 g) admixed with 0.1% (w/v) onion powder, The main organic acid was tartaric acid, and control organic acids included citric and oxalic acids at high levels. The major free amino acids were L-arginine, ${\gamma}-Amino-n-butyric$ acid, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-serine, L-tyrosine and L-threonine, and amino acid content were high in soybean curd admixed with 0.2% (w/v) onion powder. Major phenolic compounds of onion soybean curd were quercitrin, protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid. The hardness of onion soybean curd was similar to that of the control when onion powder was added to 0.1% or 0.2% (w/v), and decreasedmore onion powder was added. Organoleptic qualities dropped as onion powder levels increased. In summary, onion powder addition to soybean curd is optimal at the 0.2% (w/v) level..