• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.405-412
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• 1992

Growth characters of dry seeded paddy rice was studied at different levels of nitrogen(N) split application (basal : immediately after irrigation : 2 weeks after irrigation: 25 days before heading: heading stage with 10 : 20 : 30 : 20 : 20%, 20 : 30 : 20 : 20 : 10%, 30 : 40 : 0 : 20 : 10%, and 100% basal of slow release urea) in tillage and no-tillage systems. On May 17 in 1990, 6kg /10a of dry seeds of a breeding line of Milyang 95 was broadcasted and covered with a power tiller. Between tillage and no-tillage systems yield and its components, lodging related characteristics, and contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of culm base were similar. Leaf area index at heading stage was higher in tillage, but lodging index was lower compared with those in no-tillage plot. Culm length, effective tiller ratio, culm base weight, 1000-grain weight, harvest index in slow release N applied plot were higher compared with those in other N treatments. Grain yield of rice among levels of N split applications was similar in tillage, but it was higher in slow release N applied plot in no-tillage if 1kg /10a of additional N was applied as urea at panicle formation stage. At early growth stage N concentration and N uptake were lower in the slow release N applied plot, but higher after heading stage compared with other N treatments. The number of tillers was lowest in slow release N applied plot during the tillering stage, but the number of panicles per hill was similar to other N treatments.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

This study was conducted to find out the effect of diniconazole treatment by seed soaking on the stretching of tomato and cucumber seedlings. The emergence rate of tomato and cucumber seed was decreased as diniconazole concentration was higher and soaking period was longer. The emergence rate of tomato seedlings was lower as the soaking period was longer in $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ concentration treatments, although there was no significant difference. The other concentration treatment (10, 50, and $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) reduced emergence rate of tomato seedlings outstandingly in higher concentration and longer treated period, but 90% of treated seeds emerged at 10 days after sowing. As the concentration of diniconazol was higher and soaking period was longer, plant height and growth rate of seedlings were retarded. There covery of internodes growth was faster in lower concentration and shorter soaking period. The top and root fresh weight and dry weight of tomato and cucumber seedlings was not influenced by $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ concentration, but these growth characteristics were reduced in higher concentration and longer soaking period. The dwarfed cucumber seedlings treated by diniconazol showed normal growth rate after planting and their male and female flower was set normally. These results suggest that the proper concentration and soaking period of diniconazol may be $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ concentration for 12 hours in tomato seed, and $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ concentration for 24 hours in cucumber seed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1437-1449
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• 2006

Thirty six pre-weaned Barbari kids at 4 months age were reared on four rations computed using coarse cereal grains and by-products of pulses and oil seeds with Crude Protein (CP) and Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) of 12 and 55% (Low protein Low energy); 12 and 60% (Low protein High energy); 14 and 55% (High protein Low energy); and 14 and 60% (High protein High energy), respectively. After 180 days on feed, male animals ($4{\times}5=20$) were slaughtered to study the effect of diet on carcass characteristics and meat quality. To asses the effect, if any, of such diet on product quality, meat balls were prepared and evaluated for quality changes when fresh as well as during storage ($-20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$). Feeding a ration with CP12 and TDN 60% (LH) to kids produced animals with highest slaughter weight (20.3 kg) yielding higher carcass weight and dressing percentage, lean (65.6%) and fat (6.6%) contents with low bone and trim losses. Although total variety meat yield was markedly higher in HL, the non-carcass fat deposition was relatively higher in LH carcasses. The water activity ($a_w$) of fresh goat meat ranged from 0.994-0.995 and total cholesterol 72.8-90.5 mg/100 g meat. The pH was high in HL and HH meat resulting in decreased ($p{\leq}0.05$) extract release volume (ERV). Meat balls were prepared using meat obtained from goats fed different rations (treatments) and stored at $-20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. They were evaluated on day 0 and months 1, 2, 3, 4 for physicochemical, microbiological and organoleptic changes. Overall moisture (%), $a_w$, TBA number and pH value were 67.9, 0.987, 0.17, 6.6 respectively and were not affected by treatments except pH that was significantly ($p{\leq}0.01$) lower on LH. As the storage period advanced moisture, pH, $a_w$ and TBA number increased irrespective of treatments. Feeding various diets had no marked effect on microbial load of meat balls but with increasing storage period Standard Plate Count (SPC) and psychrotrophs declined ($p{\leq}0.01$). Treatment LL and LH produced meat balls with better flavour.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.196-196
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• 2017

Oilseed crop Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is a suitable for biodiesel production that has high adaptability under low-nutrient condition like marginal land and requires low-input cost for cultivation. Enhanced abiotic stress tolerance of Camelina is very important for oil production under the wide range of different climate. CsRCI2s (Rare Cold Inducible 2) are related proteins in various abiotic stresses that predicted to localized at plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These proteins are consist of eight-family that can be divided into tail (CsRCI2D/E/F/G) and no-tail (CsRCI2A/B/E/H) type of C-terminal. However, it is still less understood the function of C-terminal tail. In this study, CsRCI2D/H genes were cloned through gateway cloning system that used pCB302-3 as destination vector. And we used agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for generation of overexpression (OX) transformants. Overexpression of target gene was confirmed using RT-PCR and segregation ratio on selection media. We analyzed physiological response in media and soil under abiotic stresses using CsRCI2D and CsRCI2H overexpression plant. To compare abiotic stresses tolerance, wild type and CsRCI2D/H OX line seeds were sown on agar plate treated with various NaCl and mannitol concentration for 7 days. In the test of growth rate under abiotic stress on media, CsRCI2H OX line showed similar to NaCl and mannitol stress. In the other hand, CsRCI2D OX line showed to be improved stress tolerance that especially increased in 200mM NaCl but was similar on mannitol media. In greenhouse, WT and CsRCI2D/H OX lines for physiological analysis and productivity under abiotic stresses were treated 100, 150, 200mM NaCl. Then it was measured various parameters such as leaf width and length, plant height, total seed weight, flower number, seed number. CsRCI2H OX line in greenhouse did not show any changes in physiological parameters but CsRCI2D OX line was improved both physiological response and productivity under NaCl stress. Among physiological parameters of CsRCI2D OX line under NaCl stress, leaf length and width were observed shorter than WT but it were slightly longer than WT in 200mM NaCl stress. Furthermore, total seed weight of CsRCI2D OX line under stress displayed to decrease than WT in normal condition, but it was gradually raised with increasing NaCl stress then more than WT relatively. These results suggested CsRCI2D might be contribute to improve abiotic stress tolerance. However, function of CsRCI2H is need to more detail study. In conclusion, overexpression of CsRCI2s family can generate various environmental stress tolerance plant and may improve crop productivity for bio-energy production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to understand the tolerance mechanism of woody plants to water stress and tolerance changes in relation to mycorrhizal formation. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. commonly used for erosion control in slopes were raised from seeds and transplanted to 120 plastic pots. Sixty pots received the top soil of a Fraxinus americana forest, while remaining 60 pots received the autoclaved top soil. The forest soil contained 1,200 spores per 100g of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungus, mostly Glomus sp. The plants were raised outside with regular supply of water and mineral nutrients. Two kinds of water deficit treatment and a control were started at the middle of July : cyclic water deficit treatment with 3 cycles of sequential water stress at the point of xylem water potential of about -0.6, -0.6, and -1.7 MPa and recovery, and non-cyclic water deficit treatment with single water stress at about -1.5 MPa. The non-stressed plants received plenty of water throughout the period. In late August the plants were harvested for measurements of dry weight, N, P, carbohydrate contents, net photosynthesis and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities. Both cyclic and non-cyclic water deficit treatments reduced dry weight by 60% and 40%, respectively, and reduced nitrogen absorption, while increased SOD activities. Water-stressed plants also showed increased carbohydrate contents in the leaves and lowered stomatal conductance. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in an average of 40% infection of roots and 2-3 times increase in P absorption in water-stressed as well as non-stressed plants. Mycorrhizal formation also increased shoot-root ratio. The results that SOD activities of water-stressed plants with mycorrhizal infection were significantly lower than those of non-mycorrhizal plants suggest the possibility of improvement of water-stressed condition by mycorrhizal formation. It was concluded that endomycorrhizal formation increased tolerance of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya seedlings to water stress.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the differences of the growth and yield characteristics at different planting dates in two soybean ecotypes from 1993 to 1994. Two summer types of soybean varieties, Suwon 163 and CNS 342, and two autumn types, Hwangkumkong and Keomcheongkong ＃1 were planted 7 times from 22 April to 21 June with 10 days interval in 1993 and 4 times from 22 April to 21 June with 20 days interval in 1994 at experimental field, Dankook University, Cheonan. Emergence rate was shown to difference between the summer types and the autumn types, as planting date delayed and between 1993 and 1994. The average emergence period was more shortened in 1994 than 1993. This was reduced as planting date delayed. Days to flowering, pod formation and maturity were shortened as planting date delayed, and observed that shortening of days to flowering and maturity were smaller in the summer types than the autumn types. Stem height, stem diameter, number of mainstem nodes, number of branches and number of branch nodes were different between the summer types and the autumn types and between 1993 and 1994. These were reduced as planting date delayed. The number of pods per plant was also different between 1993 and 1994, and reduced as planting date delayed. The number of seeds per pod was not different between 1993 and 1994, and shown to similar tendency as planting date delayed. It was observed that one hundred seed weight of the summer types were reduced, but the autumn types were not as planted date delayed in 1993. In 1994, one hundred seed weight was not measured because almost all pods were unfilled or shriveled probably due to high temperature during pod formation period. The rate of unfilled pods per plant was higher the autumn types than in the summer type of soybeans in 1994.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2001

This study was conducted to provide the basic information on safflower collections and to identify the variations which could be utilized in safflower breeding programs. The agronomic characteristics was used to clarify the genetic relationships among safflower collections and to classify them into distint genetic groups. There were 21 early maturing collections with less than 80 days in number of days from planting to flowering. The number of primary and secondary branches ranged ${3.8{\sim}14.8\;and\;0{\sim}26.9}$, respectively, and two collections, IT201434 and IT202723, were found to be high branch types. The 101 safflower collections were classified into 11 groups based on the complete linkage cluster analysis using agronomic characteristics. The I, II, III, IV, IX, X and ? groups included the 25%, 33%, 14%, 8%, 2%, 1% and 1% of the collections, respectively. All the collections in the group III were Korean landraces. The collections in group X could be characterized as early emergence, late flowering and high yield components such as the number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitula and seed weight per plant. The number of capitula per plant and seed weight per plant, i.e., the two main yield components, had the highly significant positive correlations with stem diameter, number of the primary branches, number of the secondary branches, number of leaves and leaf length.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 1989

Present study was conducted to reveal the effects of the herbicides, Lasso and Devrinol, on the soybean growth and the nodulation in field condition. Emergence rate was reduced positively in proportion to increase in the concentration of herbicides regardless of the herbicidal difference and it was significantly reduced even in the recommended concentration as compared to untreated plot, showing marked abnormal symptom on seedlings. Plant height, fresh weight of the plant, number of internodes, branches, pods, seeds per plant and 100-seed weight were reduced with increase in the concentration of herbicides and were highly significant in difference between the untreated plot and double concentration plot, eventhough most were nonsignificant in difference from the recommended concentration. Nodulation was significantly decreased with increase in the concentration of herbicides. The reduction was remarkably different with soybean varieties and consistently appeared from three weeks to six weeks after sawing. Significant correlation was realized between the reduction of nodulation and the agronomic characters of soybean and it was considered that the reduction of nodulation by misapplication of the herbicides might be a causal factor for decrease in soybean yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 1987

The object of this study was to investigate the differences in dry matter production, physiological characteristic and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) as affected by planting dates in southern region of Korea. This experiment was conducted using four planting dates and four varieties over 3 years (1982-1984). The different responses of soybean varieties to different temperature and daylength, days from planting to flowering were ranged from 43 to 55 days when planted on May 10 long daylength and low temperature condition. Flowering duration was ranged from 12 to 27 days and 9 to 13 days for the plantings made on May 10 and July 9, respectively. Therefore, it was the shortest under the short daylength and high tempera-ture condition. It also appeared that the later planting caused the lower dry matter weight and leaf area index which resulted in lower grain yield. But grain yield was not directly correlated with the unbalance of Xink/Source Ratio and the lodging from excessive vegatative growth. The grain yield was the highest in May 30 and the lowest in July 9 planting: it was ranged from 2.26 to 2.55 t/ha in the former and 0.85 to 1.20 t/ha in the latter, respectively. The increase in yield was depended on the increase in the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod and the seed weight. The distribution ratio of dry matter to leaves was the hightest at the sixth trifoliolate leaf stage and gradually declined thereafter in all planting dates, and it also appeared that the later planting, the lower the ratio of dry matter to leaves.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.318-318
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• 2022

Basil(Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual herb that grows wild in hot and humid regions such as tropical Asia and Africa. This study was carried out for resource discovery, propagation, and DB construction of aromatic plants. In order to evaluate the genetic characteristics, 28 kinds of basil seeds were supplied from the Center for Genetic Resources. For basil characteristics, planting date, plant height, growth shape, leaf length, leaf shape, petiole color, petiole, stem color, flower color, after harvest, Ml length including roots, flower length, stem thickness and biological weight were measured. For anthocyanin analysis, only basil with purple color was selected, anthocyanins were extracted with 60% ethanol containing 1% citric acid, a standard quantitative curve was prepared with cyanidin-3-glucoside, and absorbance was measured at 525 nm. Basil planting started around June 16, and the flowering period lasted for a total of 18 days from July 19 to August 5. On August 6, when flowering was completed, morphological characteristics including flower color were measured at the site by an object. The measured basil plant length was 26.6-59.6 cm, leaf length 2.0-7.9 cm, leaf width 0.7-5.2 cm, and petiole 1.3-3.9 cm. The growth pattern of basil was generally straight, medium in shape. The color of the leaves was observed evenly by mixed green, purple, purple and green, and the recesses in the shape of the leaf were also conspicuously observed. A total of three basil flower colors were observed: white, light pink(149P 10P/84), and purple(37V 2.5RP 4/12). During the second growth survey after harvest, the total length including the basil roots is 26.7-52.0 cm, the flower length is 8.2-29.3cm, the stem thickness is 7.1-15.9mm, the number of stem nodes is 3-12 nodes, and the total weight of the basil was measured to be about 218-1540 g. There are a total of 16 types of basil expressed in purple, and the anthocyanin content was measured to be 73.74 ~ 380.72 mg/100g.