• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.910-916
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• 2009

Purpose : The arterial switch operation (ASO) has become the preferred procedure for the surgical management of transposition of the great arteries (TGA). We conducted a retrospective evaluation of our experience in 30 patients seen from January 2003 to July 2008, in order to determine outcomes and related risk factors after the arterial switch operation. Methods : Patients charts, surgical reports, and echocardiograms were retrospectively reviewed. And they were analyzed in 2 different groups: complex (n=16) versus simple TGAs (n=14). Complex TGAs are TGAs with VSD or the Taussig-Bing anomaly with or without aortic arch anomalies. Simple TGAs are defined as TGAs with intact ventricular septum having no such anomalies. Median follow-up time was 44 months (3-63 months). Results : Hospital mortality was 0%. However, follow-up echocardiographies revealed potential complications, including stenosis of the branch pulmonary arteries, neo-aortic and/or neo-pulmonary valvar regurgitation, and right or left ventricular outflow tract obstructions. Great arterial relationship (side-by-side), association of aortic arch anomalies, and the existence of the Taussig- Bing anomaly were assessed as significant risk factors of neo-aortic and/or neo-pulmonary valvar regurgitation in this series. On the other hand, right or left ventricular outflow tract obstructions were more frequently found in patients demonstrating VSD, side-by-side positioned great arteries, or associated coronary anomalies. Conclusion : The ASO is the procedure of choice in the treatment of TGA. However, special attention and follow-ups are needed to detect residual problems like the stenosis of the branch pulmonary arteries, neo-aortic and/or neo-pulmonary valvar regurgitation, as well as ventricular outflow tract obstructions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1207-1214
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to determine the estimated dietary fiber (DF) intakes per capita/day of Korean as of 2001 by age groups and sex, and to analyze the major food sources of DF using the data on per capita consumption of each food reported in the 2001 Reports of Korean National Nutrition Survey and the newly-established DF database. The mean daily intakes of DF of Korean increased with increasing age until 49 years and thereafter decreased with aging. The intakes of DF/1,000 kcal increased with increasing age until 64 years and thereafter decreased with aging. On the average, the Korean people under age of 49 did not meet adequate intake (AI) of DF (12 g/1,000 kcal) in Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for the Koreans. The male people less satisfied the AI than the female did. The major food groups contributed to DF intakes of Korean adults were high in the order of vegetables, cereals, fruits, seasonings, legumes and seaweeds. Regardless of age and sex, vegetables, cereals and fruits were three major sources of DF for Koreans who obtained approximately 75% of DF from those sources. It has been shown that rice was the first single food source of DF intake for the age groups less than 12 years, however Kimchi was the first major source for all the age groups over 12 years. The infant and elderly groups obtained more DF from 10 major single food sources than the other age groups did. The results of the study revealed that the present levels of DF intakes of Korean in all age groups except the elderly group are insufficient to meet the AI for DF. Therefore the beneficial effects of DF on health and the increased consumption of DF from the variety of food sources should be emphasized through the continuous nutritional education.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.337-346
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• 1997

To know the characteristics of the unmarried mother. We need to investigate what kind of circumstances the unmarried mother comes from and under which conditions created her situation. This investigation's purpose is to provide general information on how to prevent this situation. There are many unmarried mothers registered in support groups for single mothers in A City. We surveyed 67 single mothers registered from Nov. 1 '96 - April 30 '97. The questions of the survey asked for general characteristics, family background, friendship, attitude and knowledge toward sex and the relationship with the baby's father. We analysed this research data into a percentages.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.655-660
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• 2009

Purpose : To compare birth weight between infants with a single umbilical artery (SUA) and normal infants, investigate the associated anomalies of infants with SUA and isolated SUA (no abnormality of external appearance on birth, except SUA), and determine the prognosis of infants with isolated SUA. Methods : Live-born infants with SUA (n=59) detected by physical examination from among 15,193 live births in seven university hospitals in Korea between January 1, 2004, to August 1, 2007, were reviewed retrospectively, with 236 normal infants serving as the control group. Results : A statistical difference was observed between the groups in birth weight and in vitro fertilization. The incidence of infants with SUA was 0.37%. Congenital malformations were observed in 21 infants with cardiovascular (n=15, 25.4%), gastrointestinal (n=2, 3.4%), genitourinary (n=9, 15.3%), neuromusculoskeletal (n=6, 10.2%), central nervous system (n=1, 1.7%), chromosomal (n=1, 1.7%), and other (n=3, 5.1%) abnormalities. There were 49 (83.1%) infants with isolated SUA in this study population; among them, the associated congenital malformations were cardiovascular (n=6, 12.2%) and genitourinary (n=6, 12.2%) abnormalities. Two infants with cyanotic heart disease were operated and four infants with acyanotic heart disease showed improvements without any treatment. Six infants with genitourinary abnormalities on renal ultrasound had mild hydronephrosis without further consequences. Conclusion : The incidence of structural abnormalities in the cardiovascular and genitourinary systems is high and the genitourinary anomalies associated with isolated SUA have relatively good prognosis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2011

Purpose: Recently, the incidence of acute hepatitis A has increased nationwide and is related to a low rate of IgG anti-HAV production. To establish effective measures for preventing hepatitis A virus infection, an epidemiologic study on the seroprevalence of anti-HAV is needed. Thus, we investigated the seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV in children living in Gwangju and Jeonnam. Methods: IgG anti-HAV levels were measured in a total of 1,435 patients who visited Chosun University Hospital between January 2009 and December 2009. Results: The overall seropositve rate was 40.8% (586/1,435). The seropositive rates were 41% among children under the age of 1 year, 49.9% for children 1~5 years old, 51.1% among individuals 5~10 years old, 12.9% for individuals 10~15 years old, and 8.2% for subjects over 15 years old. There was no significant difference between genders in any group. The seropositive rates in Gwangju and Jeonnam were 57.3% and 32.9% for children under the age of 1 year, 52.5% and 44.3% for children 1~5 years old, 60.2% and 33.9% among children 5~10 years old, 14.1% and 9.7% for children 10~15 years old, and 10.8% and 4.2% for individuals over 15 years old. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the low rates of IgG anti-HAV, particularly among subjects over 10 years old, which suggests the possibility of increasing clinical HAV infection rates among adults in the near future. We should actively prevent the spread of hepatitis A virus. Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing hepatitis A virus transmission among persons at risk for infection. Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for children who have low IgG anti-HAV seropositive rates.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.133-142
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• 2003

Recently Internet addiction problems of teenagers are so serious that the education to solve the problems are required in school. However, teachers are suffering difficulties to intervene students' Internet addiction because they do not have expert knowledge about student counselling and Internet addiction problems. In this study, in order that nonprofessional teachers in student counselling can consult easily a student who is addicted to Internet. we developed consulting contents consisted of twelve weeks consulting activities and the student consulting support system about Internet addiction problems. This system offers the consulting contents module for teachers and the information management module for students. For the experimental operation of the system and contents. we made a consocium of twenty primary and secondary schools. We selected a students who is most serious in Internet addiction problem in the school We made a class teacher counsel a student individually by applying the system. Thereafter, we analyzed the effects of consultation and presented the results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.271-297
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• 2007

Since the use of the Internet has proliferated, the availability of illegal and harmful content has been a great concern to both governments and Internet users. Among various solutions for issues related to such content, Internet content filtering technologies have been developed for enabling users to deal with harmful content. In recent years, commercial filtering has become massively popular. Many parents, teachers and even governments have chosen commercial filtering software as a feasible technical solution for protecting minors from harmful information on the Internet. The Internet content filtering software market has grown significantly. However, Internet content filtering software has led to intense debate among civil liberties groups, They deem this to be censorship and argue that Internet filtering technologies are simply unworkable because they have inherent weaknesses. They are critical of the fact that most filtering has violated free speech rights and will eventually wipe out honor and controversial, yet innocent incidences of free speech on the Internet. In this article Internet content filtering, in particular PICS/RDF-based label filtering, so-called Internet content rating system, will be explored and its advantages and drawbacks relating to end-users' autonomy and freedom of expression will be discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.82-94
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• 2018

This study aimed to develop the standardized contents and methods for preventing sexual harassment for hight school students preparing for employment after graduation. Delphi methodology was used with 30 experts. Three-round Delphi surveys were analyzed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance W analysis, appropriateness for reliability of consensus opinion. Data were analyzed respectively by descriptive statistics using SPSS Win version 20.0. Results of this study showed that standardized contents were classified with 3 domains and 83 contents, then 46 contents were selected from Kendall's W analysis and weight rank. Finally, 37 contents have taken as standards contents for prevention education. If high school students are educated with systematic standardized education before employment, it will be prevented sexual harassment in the workplace after graduation.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.13-23
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• 2011

Information Culture Index (ICI) is the quantitative value that represents people's information literacy levels. Also, it diagnoses the people's knowledge, ethics, emotion, and practice synthetically. As the Internet and cell phone addiction have been increasing when people access information on the web recently, it is necessary to analyze the meaning of the ICI from the Internet and cell phone addiction perspectives and to confirm if it goes well in the right direction. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of the people who have high ICIs. At the same time, we perform the statistical analysis combining ICIs with the Internet and the cell-phone addiction levels. In particular, the meaning of the Information Practicing factor, which is one of the ICI factors, is examined. By doing these, we confirm if the current ICI works correctly or not, and propose a better way for measuring ICIs. In order to do these, we survey and analyze data with basic statistical methods and structural equation model.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to investigate personality type with evoked potentials. Teenage students(121 males, 69 females) tested Myers Briggs Type Indicator and raven like discrimination task by evoked potential. Raven like discrimination tasks were made of low, medium and high levels. Conclusively extraversion and introversion while accomplishing the raven like discrimination tasks, showed the significant difference between two groups in the power of concentration. M-Beta(middle beta), Gamma and H-Beta(high beta) were also appeared significant differences between two groups. The sensing and intuition type partially appeared the different tendency of two groups while accomplishing easy and medium of difficulty tasks. Thinking and Feeling type while accomplishing raven like discrimination tasks, showed difference of the concentration power and H-Beta at Fp1. But judgment and perception type did not appear the difference between two groups while accomplishing raven like discrimination tasks of low, medium, and high. These results implied that the personality type can be affected brain wave by evoked potentials.